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Muhammad A, Hamman LL, Chiroma SM, Attah MOO, Dibal NI. Adansonia digitata L. Stem Bark Attenuates Epileptic Seizure, Depression, and Neurodegeneration by Mediating GABA and Glutamate in Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:327-337. [PMID: 38162471 PMCID: PMC10739472 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.4.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epilepsy is a neurological condition characterized by repeated seizures attributable to synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The study evaluated the effect of acetone extract of Adansonia digitata stem bark (ASBE) on seizure score, cognition, depression, and neurodegeneration as well as the level of Gamma-Aminobutyrate acid (GABA) and glutamate in Pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats. Methods Thirty-five rats were assigned into five groups (n = 7). Groups 1-2 received normal saline and 35 mg/kg PTZ every other day. Groups 3-4 received 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg ASBE orally while group 5 received 5 mg/kg diazepam daily for twenty-six days. Group 3-5 received PTZ every other day, 30 mins after ASBE and diazepam. Results The results showed that Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induces seizure, reduces mobility time in force swim test and decreases the normal cell number in the brain. It also significantly decreases (p < 0.05) catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione activities compared to the ASBE pre-treated rats. Pre-treatment with ASBE reportedly decreases seizure activities significantly (p < 0.05) and increases mobility time in the force swim test. ASBE also significantly elevate (p < 0.05) the normal cell number in the hippocampus, temporal lobe, and dentate gyrus. Conclusion ASBE reduced seizure activity and prevented depression in PTZ-treated rats. It also prevented neurodegeneration by regulating glutamate and GABA levels in the brain as well as preventing lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamu Muhammad
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Samaila Musa Chiroma
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Anatomy Working Group, Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Martha Orendu Oche Attah
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nathan Isaac Dibal
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
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Sekimoto S, Inaba T. Characterization of Meloidogyne enterolobii intercepted from baobab ( Adansonia digitata L.) seedlings from Thailand during Japanese import plant quarantine inspection. Helminthologia 2023; 60:263-271. [PMID: 38152472 PMCID: PMC10750247 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In April 2019, baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seedlings from Thailand, exhibiting galls on the roots, were intercepted during an import plant quarantine inspection at Chubu Centrair International Airport, Japan. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) were extracted from the galled roots of baobab seedlings and identified by morphological, morphometrical and molecular methods as the guava root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback. The morphology and morphometrics of the intercepted population were similar to those of the original and subsequent descriptions of M. enterolobii. The sequences of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, mtDNA intergenic COII-16S rRNA and COI genes obtained in this study matched well (99-100% similarity) with each of the gene sequences of M. enterolobii deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the intercepted population clustered with M. enterolobii and clearly differed from other RKN species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. enterolobii from baobab.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sekimoto
- Research Division, Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Yokohama, Kanagawa231-0801, Japan
| | - T. Inaba
- Chubu Airport Sub-station, Nagoya Plant Protection Station, MAFF, Tokoname, Aichi479-0881, Japan
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Omonhinmin CA, Piwuna PP, Aderanti MO, Bolade AO. rbcL-based dataset on intra-specific diversity and conservation of Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) in the savannah belt of Nigeria. Data Brief 2023; 48:109129. [PMID: 37153122 PMCID: PMC10160342 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The African baobab species belong to the family Malvaceae and the genus Adansonia. The disjointed tree thrives in arid or semi-arid regions, is native to the thorn woodlands of Africa, along tracks, and is associated with human-populated forest areas. It is considered indigenous to Central and West Africa and has been introduced to the Arabian Peninsula, South-East Asia, the Indian sub-continent, and the Caribbeans. Adansonia digitata is a multifunctional tree with a long lifespan of over 1000 years old. The leaves, roots, flowers, fruit pulp, seeds and barks are used for food, medicine, or other ethnic-practices. The utilisation level and distribution are significantly undermined by climate change and poor use practices. The data set offers insight into the distribution pattern and genetic diversity of Adansonia digitata across the savannah belt of Nigeria using the rbcL gene.
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Sakr SS, Mohamed SHS, Ali AA, Ahmed WE, Algheshairy RM, Almujaydil MS, Al-Hassan AA, Barakat H, Hassan MFY. Nutritional, Physicochemical, Microstructural, Rheological, and Organoleptical Characteristics of Ice Cream Incorporating Adansonia digitata Pulp Flour. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766062 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ice cream's appeal is unrivaled. Nonmilk and milk ingredients in ice cream formulas affect their nutritional value, structure, and organoleptical qualities. Seeking novel dietary ingredients instead of artificial flavoring compounds is vital for improving ice cream taste preference, adding antioxidants, and increasing nutritional value. The current study examines the feasibility of manufacturing a new flavored ice cream with excellent dietary value using Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) fruit pulp (ADFP). The prepared ice cream's physicochemical and microbiological quality, and rheological, microstructural, and organoleptic properties were investigated. Using ADFP instead of skim milk powder with a partial or complete replacement, five ice cream samples were produced and marked as IB-0, IB-25, IB-50, IB-75, and IB-100. Chemical characteristics were not noticeably impacted except protein and ash, which considerably decreased with increasing ADFP levels. Increasing ADFP in the samples increased titratable acidity and reduced pH. All ice cream samples were microbiologically acceptable with no pathogenic bacteria. By increasing ADFP in the samples, the daily values (%DV) of sodium, potassium, and magnesium were not considerably affected. Calcium reduced from 14.91% in IB-0 to 7.75% in IB-100. All microelements found in the study rose considerably as ADFP increased. Increasing ADFP levels significantly boosted antioxidant levels. The IB-100 sample had the highest total phenolic content (149.29 mg GAE 100 g-1), antioxidant activity (98.12 µmol of TE 100 g-1), total flavonoids (5.96 mg QE 100 g-1), and total flavanols (4.01 mg QE 100 g-1). The inclusion of ADFP had a beneficial effect on the color of the samples. It did not negatively affect the ice cream's organoleptic acceptability as determined by organoleptic, rheological, and microstructural examinations. Interestingly, when skim milk powder was replaced with 50% and 75%, the hardness, viscosity, and aqueous phase separation were significantly improved. In conclusion, ADPF improves the nutritional value of ice cream and can be used as a natural coloring ingredient without affecting microstructural and rheological properties.
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Rita K, Bernardo MA, Silva ML, Brito J, Mesquita MF, Pintão AM, Moncada M. Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab Fruit) Effect on Postprandial Glycemia in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:398. [PMID: 35057579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baobab fruits have been traditionally used in Africa due to their therapeutic properties attributed to their high polyphenol content. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of baobab fruit on postprandial glycaemia in healthy adults and to measure its bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The study (NCT05140629) was conducted on 31 healthy subjects. The participants were randomly allocated in the control group (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); n = 16) and in the intervention group (OGTT, followed by administration of 250 mL baobab aqueous extract (BAE); n = 15). Total phenols, proanthocyanins, hydrolyzable tannins, and antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, and inhibition of O2•− and NO• methods) were quantified. Repeated measures ANOVA of mixed type and independent samples t-test were used. Glycemia incremental area under the curve (p = 0.012) and glucose maximum concentration (p = 0.029) was significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group. The BAE revealed high total contents of phenols, proanthocyanins, and hydrolyzable tannins, as well as a strong capacity to scavenge superoxide anions and nitric oxide radicals and a high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this study encourages the use of this food component as a promising source of natural antioxidants and a hypoglycemic agent under glucose load acute conditions.
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Trela-Makowej A, Kruk J, Jemioła-Rzemińska M, Szymańska R. Acylserotonins - a new class of plant lipids with antioxidant activity and potential pharmacological applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159044. [PMID: 34450265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During analysis of components of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed oil, several new fluorescent compounds were detected in HPLC chromatograms that were not found previously in any seed oils investigated so far. After preparative isolation of these compounds, structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy, UHPLC-HR-MS, GC-FID and spectroscopic methods were applied and allowed identification of these substances as series of N-acylserotonins containing saturated C22 to C26 fatty acids with minor contribution of C27 to C30 homologues. The main component was N-lignocerylserotonin and the content of odd carbon-atom-number fatty acids was unusually high among the homologues. The suggested structure of the investigated compounds was additionally confirmed by their chemical synthesis. Synthetic N-acylserotonins showed pronounced inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation of liposomes prepared from chloroplast lipids, especially when the peroxidation was initiated by a water-soluble azo-initiator, AIPH. Comparative studies of the reaction rate constants of the N-acylserotonins and tocopherols with a stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in solvents of different polarity revealed that N-acylserotonins showed similar activity to δ-tocopherol in this respect. The described compounds have been not reported before either in plants or in animals. This indicates that we have identified a new class of plant lipids with antioxidant properties that could have promising pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Trela-Makowej
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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El-Masry OS, Goja A, Rateb M, Owaidah AY, Alsamman K. RNA sequencing identified novel target genes for Adansonia digitata in breast and colon cancer cells. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211032084. [PMID: 34251294 PMCID: PMC10450698 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211032084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adansonia digitata exhibits numerous beneficial effects. In the current study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of four different extracts of A. digitata (polar and non-polar extracts of fruit powder and fibers) on the proliferation of human colon cancer (HCT116), human breast cancer (MCF-7), and human ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3 and OVCAR-4) cell lines. RNA sequencing revealed the influence of the effective A. digitata fraction on the gene expression profiles of responsive cells. The results indicated that only the polar extract of the A. digitata fibers exhibited anti-proliferative activities against HCT116 and MCF-7 cells, but not ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, the polar extract of the fibers resulted in the modulation of the expression of multiple genes in HCT116 and MCF-7 cells. We propose that casein kinase 2 alpha 3 (CSNK2A3) is a novel casein kinase 2 (CSNK2) isoform in HCT116 cells and report, for the first time, the potential involvement of FYVE, RhoGEF, and PH domain-containing 3 (FGD3) in colon cancer. Together, these findings provide evidence supporting the anti-cancer potential of the polar extract of A. digitata fibers in this experimental model of breast and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S. El-Masry
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafat Goja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, School of Natural & Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Amani Y Owaidah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Alsamman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Adetola OY, Kruger J, Ferruzzi MG, Hamaker BR, Taylor JRN. Potential of moringa leaf and baobab fruit food-to-food fortification of wholegrain maize porridge to improve iron and zinc bioaccessibility. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:15-27. [PMID: 33858271 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1911962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Food-to-food fortification (FtFF) with moringa leaf (iron source) and/or baobab fruit (citric acid and ascorbic acid source) (each 13-15 g/100 g porridge dry basis (db)) was studied to improve iron and zinc nutritive quality in African-type wholegrain maize-based porridges using in vitro dialysability assay. Moringa FtFF decreased percentage and total bioaccessible iron and zinc, by up to 84% and 45%, respectively. Moringa was very high in calcium, approximately 3% db and calcium-iron-phytate complexes inhibit iron bioavailability. Baobab FtFF increased percentage and total bioaccessible iron and zinc, especially in porridges containing carrot + mango (β-carotene source) and conventionally fortified with FeSO4, by up to 111% and 60%, respectively. The effects were similar to those when ascorbic and citric acids were added as mineral absorption enhancers. While moringa FtFF could be inhibitory to iron and zinc bioavailability in cereal-based porridges, baobab fruit FtFF could improve their bioavailability, especially in combination with conventional iron fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyimika Y Adetola
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johanita Kruger
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - John R N Taylor
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Barakat H. Nutritional and Rheological Characteristics of Composite Flour Substituted with Baobab ( Adansonia digitata L.) Pulp Flour for Cake Manufacturing and Organoleptic Properties of Their Prepared Cakes. Foods 2021; 10:716. [PMID: 33801774 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Revalorization of Adansonia digitata L. "Baobab" pulp flour (BPF) to produce a notorious and functional cake in the current study was assessed. Wheat flour (WF 72%) was partially substituted by BPF at 5, 10, and 15% to prepare composite flour (WF + BPF) for potential cake manufacturing. Approximate chemical composition, macro- and microelements content, amino acids (AAs), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AOA) of partially substituted composite flour (WF + BPF) were determined. The rheological properties of the composite flours were assessed using MIXOLAB. Moreover, an organoleptic evaluation of the baked cakes was performed with 20 trained panelists. The substitution with BPF significantly increased the total ash and crude fiber content in composite flour in a level-dependent manner, while moisture, crude fat, crude protein, available carbohydrates contents, and energy values were not significantly changed. Interestingly, macroelements such as Ca, K, and P were significantly increased, while Na was significantly decreased, whereas Mg content was not significantly changed. Similarly, microelements such as Zn, Fe, and Cu increased with the increase of BPF substitution. Significant increases in TPC and AOA were found by increasing the substitution with BPF. The biological value (BV), essential amino acid index (EAAI), protein efficiency ratio (PER), as well as essential amino acids (EAAs) requirement index (RI) were positively improved in WF + BPF. Adding BPF up to 10% not only improved the water absorption, α-amylase activity, and viscosity, but also caused a slight weakness in the gluten network, to produce a composite flour suitable for cake making. Conclusively, this study revealed that fortification with BPF up to 5-10% improved the nutritional quality without adverse effects on technological, and organoleptic characteristics and providing economic, commercial, and health benefits.
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Dare BJ, Olaniyan OT, Oyeniyi OI, Okotie GE, Lawal IA, Eweoya O. Aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata prevents Cadmium Chloride-induced testicular damage in Wistar Rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:347-353. [PMID: 33705611 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of aqueous extract of Adansonia digitata was investigated against cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage in Wistar Rats. METHODS Thirty (30) male Wistar Rats weighing (150-170) were divided into six groups (n=5). Group A served as control and received oral administration of phosphate buffer saline; group B received 800 mg/kg A. digitata only; group C were injected intraperitoneally with single dose 2 mg/kg b.w cadmium chloride; group D were injected intraperitoneally with single dose 2 mg/kg b.w cadmium chloride and treated with 800 mg/kg aqueous extract of A. digitata; group E received 300 mg/kg vitamin E only; group F were injected intraperitoneally with single dose 2 mg/kg b.w cadmium chloride and treated with 300 mg/kg vitamin E. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the testes were excised fixed in Bouins fluids for histological analysis and the other homogenized in 5% sucrose solution for determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activity, biochemical assay. RESULTS The group treated with cadmium chloride plus A. digitata caused significant decrease in MDA levels with significant increase (p<0.05) in antioxidant activities and biochemical enzymes when compared to cadmium chloride only group. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous extract of A. digitata appears to have ameliorative effect against cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage. This could be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Biology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Olugbenga Eweoya
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of the Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
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Khamis G, Hassan M, Morsy M, Ibrahim MA, Abd-Elsalam RM, El Badawy SA, Azouz AA, Galal M. Innovative application of helium-neon laser: enhancing the germination of Adansonia digitata and evaluating the hepatoprotective activities in mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:26520-26531. [PMID: 32367237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The laser pretreatment of seed is drawing pronounced attention from the scientific community for its positive impact in boosting germination, seedling , and growth of plants. In this study, the laser pretreatment of Adansonia digitata (A. digitata) seeds was evaluated. Eight laser treatments were conducted at different powers, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mW, with the two-time interval for each power at 2 and 4 min. The outcomes indicated that the most efficient irradiation was 10 mW/2 min which induces the highest germination rate and polyphenolic contents for seeds. Based on these results, the animal experimental design was processed to assess the hepatoprotective activity of A. digitata extracts obtained through the optimum laser preillumination to enhance the resistance of liver damage in mice. The total phenol and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties of the methanolic extracts were estimated in vitro. The CCl4 was used to induce hepatotoxicity in mice. The animals were divided into five groups. The sera of the treated animals were used for the determination of transaminases, and the liver homogenates were used for the determination of antioxidant status, and further liver tissues were subjected to verify the anti-apoptotic effect of A. digitata methanolic extract. The in vivo results showed that the methanolic extract exposed to laser treatment at 10 mW/2 min provided better hepatoprotective capacity than the other treatments. Administration of A. digitata extract not only offered a significant decrease in liver enzyme activity but also markedly improved the antioxidant status and reduced the apoptotic progression induced by CCl4 toxicity in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Khamis
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry and Agriculture (LAMPA), National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manar Hassan
- Department of Laser Applications in Metrology, Photochemistry and Agriculture (LAMPA), National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Morsy
- Department of Medical Application of Lasers, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Ahmed El Badawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Braca A, Sinisgalli C, De Leo M, Muscatello B, Cioni PL, Milella L, Ostuni A, Giani S, Sanogo R. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) from Mali, as a Source of Health-Promoting Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:E3104. [PMID: 30486448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae), also known as baobab, is a tree attracting recent interest especially due to the high nutritional value of the fruit pulp. However, few studies are reported on the secondary metabolite content, showing high variability depending on the geographic region. Methods: In this study, the chemical profiles of Malian commercial baobab fruits and leaves, focused on phenolic content, were investigated by HPLC coupled with a photodiode array (PDA)/UV and an electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer (MS) and gas chromatography (GC)/MS. In addition, the extracts of fruit pulps obtained from three different markets (Fruits 1, 2, and 3) were evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition. Results: Baobab fruit pulps were found to be rich in procyanidins and flavonol glycosides, with tiliroside as the major constituent. The baobab leaves showed a similar profile respect to the fruits, but with more detected phenolics. All fruit pulp extracts exerted antioxidant activity (highest for Fruit 3) and higher α-glucosidase inhibition than acarbose used as standard. Conclusions: This study confirmed the variability of baobab with different origins and indicated Malian species baobab as a promising source of health-promoting substances.
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Adeoye AO, Bewaji CO. Chemopreventive and remediation effect of Adansonia digitata L. Baobab (Bombacaceae) stem bark extracts in mouse model malaria. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 210:31-38. [PMID: 28843893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adansonia digitata L. Baobab (Bombacaceae) solvent extracts have been reported to possess medicinal properties and are currently been used traditionally for the treatment of malaria and several other diseases and infection; however few reports exist in literature that provides supportive scientific evidence in favour of its medicinal use. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the efficacy of Adansonia digitata stem bark extract in offering protection against experimental malaria and also examined its remediation effect when administered after established infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Weanling albino mice were used in the study. The mice were transfected intraperitonially with an inoculums size of 1× 107 of chloroquine susceptible strain of plasmodium berghei infected erythrocytes. Mechanisms of action of the extract were investigated by measuring the degree of tissue peroxidation and tissue antioxidant status. Severity of malaria was determined by measuring the serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and serum and tissue Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. RESULTS There was a significant increase in serum CRP, TNF-α concentrations and serum and tissue ALP activity in the control mice following Plasmodium berghei infection. All the treatment had effect on the growth of Plasmodium berghei parasites in mice. The extracts showed a significant dose dependent increase packed cell volume (PCV), percentage chemosupression/clearance and a significant decrease in percentage parasitemia at the two doses when administered after established infection. Methanolic extract (MEAD) at 400mg/kg exhibited the highest chemosupressive activity. The extract significantly reduced the degree of tissue peroxidation, increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. Administration of the extract after established infection reduced serum CRP and TNF-α concentrations and serum and tissue ALP activity. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that Adansonia digitata protects against Plasmodium berghei induced-malaria, and that administration of the extract after established infection reduced malaria progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Adeoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria.
| | - C O Bewaji
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
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Li XN, Sun J, Shi H, Yu LL, Ridge CD, Mazzola EP, Okunji C, Iwu MM, Michel TK, Chen P. Profiling hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides, iridoid glycosides, and phenylethanoid glycosides in baobab fruit pulp ( Adansonia digitata). Food Res Int 2017; 99:755-761. [PMID: 28784541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is a magnificent tree revered throughout Africa and is becoming recognized for its high nutritional and medicinal values. Despite numerous reports on the pharmacological potential, little is known about its chemical compositions. In this study, four hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides (1-4), six iridoid glycosides (5-10), and three phenylethanoid glycosides (11-13) were isolated from the dried baobab fruit pulp. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analyses, including HRMS, 1H and 13C NMR and 2D experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY). All 13 compounds isolated were reported for the first time in the genus of Adansonia. An ultra high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry (UHPLC HRAM MS) method was used to conduct further investigation of the chemical compositions of the hydro-alcohol baobab fruit pulp extract. Hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides, iridoid glycosides and phenylethanoid glycosides were found to be the main components in baobab fruit pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Nuo Li
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Haiming Shi
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lucy Liangli Yu
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-5551, USA
| | - Clark D Ridge
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Eugene P Mazzola
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Christopher Okunji
- Food, Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Maurice M Iwu
- Bioresources Development Group, Utako, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria
| | | | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Li XN, Ridge CD, Mazzola EP, Sun J, Chen P, Gutierrez O, Moser A, DiMartino JC, MacDonald SA. Application of a computer-assisted structure elucidation program for the structural determination of a new terpenoid aldehyde with an unusual skeleton. Magn Reson Chem 2017; 55:210-213. [PMID: 27396835 PMCID: PMC5319920 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of a novel compound from Adansonia digitata has been elucidated, and its 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra have been assigned employing a variety of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR techniques without degradative chemistry. The Advanced Chemistry Development ACD/Structure Elucidator software was important for determining part of this structure that contained a fused bicyclic system with very few hydrogen atoms, which in turn, exhibited essentially no discriminating HMBC connectivities throughout that portion of the molecule. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Nuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Clark D. Ridge
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Eugene P. Mazzola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Arvin Moser
- Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. (ACD/Labs) Toronto Department, 8 King Street East, Suite 107, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1B5, Canada
| | - Joseph C. DiMartino
- Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. (ACD/Labs) Toronto Department, 8 King Street East, Suite 107, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1B5, Canada
| | - Scott A. MacDonald
- Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc. (ACD/Labs) Toronto Department, 8 King Street East, Suite 107, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1B5, Canada
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Adegoke AM, Gbadegesin MA, Odunola OA. Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata Leaf Protects Against Sodium Arsenite-induced Toxicities in Male Wistar Rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:7-11. [PMID: 28250647 PMCID: PMC5330107 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.199768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human and animal population exposure to arsenic through the consumption of arsenic contaminated water is rampant in many parts of the world. Protective agents of medicinal plants origin could provide maximum protection against toxicities of various kinds. OBJECTIVE The protective role of orally administered methanol extract of the leaves of Adansonia digitata (MELAD) on sodium arsenite (SA) - induced clastogenicity and hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats divided into six Groups (1-6) of five animals each were used for the study. Group 1 (negative control) received distilled water and normal diet only, Groups 2-6 received the extract (at 250 or 500 mg/kg body weight) and/or SA at 2.5 mg/kg body weight. RESULTS There was statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and lipid peroxidation in the SA group as compared with the negative control and treated groups. Administration of the extract reduced the effects of SA on the above parameters. Activities of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases did not show statistically significant effects; however, the histological analyses revealed periportal cellular infiltration by mononuclear cells, whereas the MELAD treated groups show mild cellular infiltration and mild portal congestion. CONCLUSIONS MELAD protect against SA-induced toxicities in rats, and it may offer protection in circumstances of co-exposure and cases of arsenicosis. SUMMARY MELAD extract significantly reduce the lipid peroxidation induced by sodium arsenite in the liver of rats.MELAD did not show profound effects on the activities of serum alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotranferases.MELAD offered significant protection against sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity in the micronuclei induction assay.In the circumstances of co-exposure to arsenic contamination, MELAD may protect against sodium arsenite-induced toxicities. Abbreviations Used: MELAD: Methanol extract of the leaves of Adansonia digitata, SA: Sodium arsenite, nMPCEs: Number of micronucleated polychromatic erythocytes; ALT: Alanine aminotranferase; AST: Aspartate aminotranferase, TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBA: Thiobarbituric acid, MDA: malondialdehyde, Sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Mathias Adegoke
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael Adedapo Gbadegesin
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyeronke Adunni Odunola
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Adewuyi A, Pereira FV. Nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized Adansonia digitata biosorbent: Preparation, characterization and sorption of Pb (II) and Cu (II) pollutants from aqueous solution. J Adv Res 2016; 7:947-959. [PMID: 27812387 PMCID: PMC5079360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized Adansonia digitata (NFAD) biosorbent has been synthesized using a simple and novel method. NFAD was characterized by X-ray Diffraction analysis technique (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FTIR), particle size dispersion, zeta potential, elemental analysis (CHNS/O analyzer), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The ability of NFAD as biosorbent was evaluated for the removal of Pb (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The particle distribution of NFAD was found to be monomodal while SEM revealed the surface to be heterogeneous. The adsorption capacity of NFAD toward Pb (II) ions was 54.417 mg/g while that of Cu (II) ions was found to be 9.349 mg/g. The adsorption of these metals was found to be monolayer, second-order-kinetic, and controlled by both intra-particle diffusion and liquid film diffusion. The results of this study were compared better than some reported biosorbents in the literature. The current study has revealed NFAD to be an effective biosorbent for the removal of Pb (II) and Cu (II) from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Adewuyi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Vargas Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Kumar CMK, Yugandhar P, Savithramma N. Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Adansonia digitata L. fruit pulp extract, characterization, and its antimicrobial properties. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2016; 5:79-85. [PMID: 27069729 PMCID: PMC4805152 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160124113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: In the present study, we report a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and an efficient alternative method for large scale production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Adansonia digitata fruit pulp extract. The study mainly focused on the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of AgNPs. Materials and Methods: Synthesis of AgNPs with the help of standard protocol and characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDAX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and explore their potential growth inhibitory effect on 07 bacterial and 05 fungal pathogens. Results: The synthesized AgNPs are characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry shows a broad peak at 434 nm. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis clearly reveals phenols and proteins are main responsible for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. XRD studies show the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature owing 44 nm in size. EDAX spectrum shows a 33.28 weight percentage of Ag metal in the reaction medium confirms the purity of AgNPs. High resolution and magnification studies with AFM, SEM, and TEM reveal the nanoparticles are polydispersed, spherical in shape, having the size range from 3 to 57 nm without any agglomeration between the particles. Further, the antimicrobial studies reveal the potentiality of nanoparticles against different microbial pathogens. Conclusion: The present study is mainly focused on the synthesis of AgNPs from A. digitata fruit pulp extract. Here, we succeed to synthesize a narrow range of particles and validate its potential antimicrobial activity on different microorganisms. Based on this, we conclude that A. digitata pulp extract is a good source toward the reduction of AgNPs and acts as environment benign antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pulicherla Yugandhar
- Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nataru Savithramma
- Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Bell KL, Rangan H, Kull CA, Murphy DJ. The history of introduction of the African baobab ( Adansonia digitata, Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) in the Indian subcontinent. R Soc Open Sci 2015; 2:150370. [PMID: 26473060 PMCID: PMC4593694 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the pathways of introduction of the African baobab, Adansonia digitata, to the Indian subcontinent, we examined 10 microsatellite loci in individuals from Africa, India, the Mascarenes and Malaysia, and matched this with historical evidence of human interactions between source and destination regions. Genetic analysis showed broad congruence of African clusters with biogeographic regions except along the Zambezi (Mozambique) and Kilwa (Tanzania), where populations included a mixture of individuals assigned to at least two different clusters. Individuals from West Africa, the Mascarenes, southeast India and Malaysia shared a cluster. Baobabs from western and central India clustered separately from Africa. Genetic diversity was lower in populations from the Indian subcontinent than in African populations, but the former contained private alleles. Phylogenetic analysis showed Indian populations were closest to those from the Mombasa-Dar es Salaam coast. The genetic results provide evidence of multiple introductions of African baobabs to the Indian subcontinent over a longer time period than previously assumed. Individuals belonging to different genetic clusters in Zambezi and Kilwa may reflect the history of trafficking captives from inland areas to supply the slave trade between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. Baobabs in the Mascarenes, southeast India and Malaysia indicate introduction from West Africa through eighteenth and nineteenth century European colonial networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Bell
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Haripriya Rangan
- School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Christian A. Kull
- Institut de Géographie et Durabilité, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Ayele Y, Kim JA, Park E, Kim YJ, Retta N, Dessie G, Rhee SK, Koh K, Nam KW, Kim HS. A Methanol Extract of Adansonia digitata L. Leaves Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory iNOS Possibly via the Inhibition of NF-κB Activation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:146-52. [PMID: 24009873 PMCID: PMC3762316 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the total polyphenol content of eight wild edible plants from Ethiopia and their effect on NO production in Raw264.7 cells. Owing to its relatively high polyphenol concentration and inhibition of NO production, the methanol extract of Adansonia digitata L. leaf (MEAD) was subjected to detailed evaluation of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Antioxidant effects were assessed by measuring free-radical-scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen-radical-absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, while anti-inflammatory effects were assessed by measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In the ORAC assay, MEAD was 10.2 times more potent than vitamin C at eliminating peroxyl radicals. In DPPH assay, MEAD also showed a strong ROS scavenging effect. MEAD significantly inhibited iNOS activity (IC50=28.6 μg/ml) of LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. We also investigated the relationship between iNOS expression and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. MEAD inhibited IκBα degradation and NF-κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells without significant cytotoxic effects, as confirmed by MTT assay. These results suggest that MEAD inhibits anti-inflammatory iNOS expression, which might be related to the elimination of peroxyl radicals and thus the inhibition of IκBα-mediated NF-κB signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihunie Ayele
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia ; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 336-646, Republic of Korea
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Cruywagen EM, de Beer ZW, Roux J, Wingfield MJ. Three new Graphium species from baobab trees in South Africa and Madagascar. Persoonia 2010; 25:61-71. [PMID: 21339967 DOI: 10.3767/003158510X550368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Baobabs (Adansonia spp.) are iconic trees, known for their immense size, strange forms, sources of food and as the subjects of myths and mysteries. It is thus surprising that little is known regarding the fungi that infect these trees. During a survey to determine which wound infecting fungi occur on baobabs, synnematous structures were observed and Graphium-like isolates were obtained. Culture characteristics and micro-morphology, together with DNA sequence comparisons for the SSU rRNA, rRNA-ITS and TEF-1α gene regions were used to characterise these fungi. These data revealed three novel Graphium spp. and these are described as G. adansoniae, G. madagascariense and G. fabiforme.
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