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Su Q, Su C, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yong VW, Xue M. Adjudin protects blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuates neuroinflammation following intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111962. [PMID: 38565042 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Secondary brain injury exacerbates neurological dysfunction and neural cell death following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), targeting the pathophysiological mechanism of the secondary brain injury holds promise for improving ICH outcomes. Adjudin, a potential male contraceptive, exhibits neuroprotective effects in brain injury disease models, yet its impact in the ICH model remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of adjudin on brain injury in a mouse ICH model and explored its underlying mechanisms. ICH was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by injecting collagenase into the right striatum. Mice received adjudin treatment (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 days before euthanization and the perihematomal tissues were collected for further analysis. Adjudin significantly reduced hematoma volume and improved neurological function compared with the vehicle group. Western blot showed that Adjudin markedly decreased the expression of MMP-9 and increased the expression of tight junctions (TJs) proteins, Occludin and ZO-1, and adherens junctions (AJs) protein VE-cadherin. Adjudin also decreased the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, as indicated by the reduced albumin and Evans Blue leakage, along with a decrease in brain water content. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that adjudin noticeably reduced the infiltration of neutrophil, activation of microglia/macrophages, and reactive astrogliosis, accompanied by an increase in CD206 positive microglia/macrophages which exhibit phagocytic characteristics. Adjudin concurrently decreased the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Additionally, adjudin increased the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Furthermore, adjudin reduced brain cell apoptosis, as evidenced by increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased expression of apoptosis related proteins Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and fewer TUNEL positive cells. Our data suggest that adjudin protects against ICH-induced secondary brain injury and may serve as a potential neuroprotective agent for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Su
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Chunhe Su
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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Ren L, Charbord J, Chu L, Kemas AM, Bertuzzi M, Mi J, Xing C, Lauschke VM, Andersson O. Adjudin improves beta cell maturation, hepatic glucose uptake and glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia 2024; 67:137-155. [PMID: 37843554 PMCID: PMC10709271 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recovering functional beta cell mass is a promising approach for future diabetes therapies. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of adjudin, a small molecule identified in a beta cell screen using zebrafish, on pancreatic beta cells and diabetes conditions in mice and human spheroids. METHODS In zebrafish, insulin expression was examined by bioluminescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), glucose levels were examined by direct measurements and distribution using a fluorescent glucose analogue, and calcium activity in beta cells was analysed by in vivo live imaging. Pancreatic islets of wild-type postnatal day 0 (P0) and 3-month-old (adult) mice, as well as adult db/db mice (i.e. BKS(D)-Leprdb/JOrlRj), were cultured in vitro and analysed by qPCR, glucose stimulated insulin secretion and whole mount staining. RNA-seq was performed for islets of P0 and db/db mice. For in vivo assessment, db/db mice were treated with adjudin and subjected to analysis of metabolic variables and islet cells. Glucose consumption was examined in primary human hepatocyte spheroids. RESULTS Adjudin treatment increased insulin expression and calcium response to glucose in beta cells and decreased glucose levels after beta cell ablation in zebrafish. Adjudin led to improved beta cell function, decreased beta cell proliferation and glucose responsive insulin secretion by decreasing basal insulin secretion in in vitro cultured newborn mouse islets. RNA-seq of P0 islets indicated that adjudin treatment resulted in increased glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, as well as downstream signalling pathways involved in insulin secretion. In islets from db/db mice cultured in vitro, adjudin treatment strengthened beta cell identity and insulin secretion. RNA-seq of db/db islets indicated adjudin-upregulated genes associated with insulin secretion, membrane ion channel activity and exocytosis. Moreover, adjudin promoted glucose uptake in the liver of zebrafish in an insulin-independent manner, and similarly promoted glucose consumption in primary human hepatocyte spheroids with insulin resistance. In vivo studies using db/db mice revealed reduced nonfasting blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance and strengthened beta cell identity after adjudin treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Adjudin promoted functional maturation of immature islets, improved function of dysfunctional islets, stimulated glucose uptake in liver and improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Thus, the multifunctional drug adjudin, previously studied in various contexts and conditions, also shows promise in the management of diabetic states. DATA AVAILABILITY Raw and processed RNA-seq data for this study have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus under accession number GSE235398 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE235398 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérémie Charbord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lianhe Chu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Bertuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Spermatogenesis is comprised of a series of cellular events that lead to the generation of haploid sperm. These events include self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (SSC), proliferation of spermatogonia by mitosis, differentiation of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, generation of haploid spermatids via meiosis I/II, and spermiogenesis. Spermiogenesis consists of a series of morphological events in which spermatids are being transported across the apical compartment of the seminiferous epithelium while maturing into spermatozoa, which include condensation of the genetic materials, biogenesis of acrosome, packaging of the mitocondria into the mid-piece, and elongation of the sperm tail. However, the biology of spermiation remains poorly understood. In this review, we provide in-depth analysis based on the use of bioinformatics tools and an animal model that mimics spermiation through treatment of adult rats with adjudin, a non-hormonal male contraceptive known to induce extensive germ cell exfoliation across the seminiferous epithelium, but nost notably elongating/elongated spermatids. These analyses have shed insightful information regaridng the biology of spermiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Chen
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Wang L, Li L, Wu X, Wong CKC, Perrotta A, Silvestrini B, Sun F, Cheng CY. mTORC1/rpS6 and p-FAK-Y407 signaling regulate spermatogenesis: Insights from studies of the adjudin pharmaceutical/toxicant model. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 121:53-62. [PMID: 33867214 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In rodents and humans, the major cellular events at spermatogenesis include self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells and undifferentiated spermatogonia via mitosis, commitment of spermatogonia to differentiation and transformation to spermatocytes, meiosis, spermiogenesis, and the release of spermatozoa at spermiation. While details of the morphological changes during these cellular events have been delineated, knowledge gap exists between the morphological changes in the seminiferous epithelium and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that regulate these cellular events. Even though many of the regulatory proteins and biomolecules that modulate spermatogenesis are known based on studies using genetic models, the underlying regulatory mechanism(s), in particular signaling pathways/proteins, remain unexplored since much of the information regarding the signaling regulation is unknown. Studies in the past decade, however, have unequivocally demonstrated that the testis is using several signaling proteins and/or pathways to regulate multiple cellular events to modulate spermatogenesis. These include mTORC1/rpS6/Akt1/2 and p-FAK-Y407. While selective inhibitors and/or agonists and antagonists are available to examine some of these signaling proteins, their use have limitations due to their specificities and also potential systemic cytotoxicity. On the other hand, the use of genetic models has had profound implications for our understanding of the molecular regulation of spermatogenesis, and these knockout (null) models have also revealed the factors that are critical for spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, additional studies using in vitro and in vivo models are necessary to unravel the signaling pathways involved in regulating seminiferous epithelial cycle. Emerging data from studies, such as the use of the adjudin pharmaceutical/toxicant model, have illustrated that this non-hormonal male contraceptive drug is utilizing specific signaling pathways/proteins to induce specific defects in spermatogenesis, yielding mechanistic insights on the regulation of spermatogenesis. We sought to review these recent data in this article, highlighting an interesting approach that can be considered for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Adolfo Perrotta
- Department of Translational & Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; The Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Wu S, Yan M, Li L, Mao B, Wong CKC, Ge R, Lian Q, Cheng CY. mTORC1/rpS6 and spermatogenic function in the testis-insights from the adjudin model. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 89:54-66. [PMID: 31278979 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
mTORC1/rpS6 signaling complex promoted Sertoli blood-testis barrier (BTB) remodeling by perturbing Sertoli cell-cell adhesion site known as the basal ectoplasmic specialization (ES). mTORC1/rpS6 complex also promoted disruption of spermatid adhesion at the Sertoli-spermatid interface called the apical ES. Herein, we performed analyses using the adjudin (a non-hormonal male contraceptive drug under development) model, wherein adjudin was known to perturb apical and basal ES function when used at high dose. Through direct administration of adjudin to the testis, adjudin at doses that failed to perturb BTB integrity per se, overexpression of an rpS6 phosphomimetic (i.e., constitutively active) mutant (i.e., p-rpS6-MT) that modified BTB function considerably potentiated adjudin efficacy. This led to disorderly spatial expression of proteins necessary to maintain the proper cytoskeletal organization of F-actin and microtubules (MTs) across the seminiferous epithelium, leading to germ cell exfoliation and aspermatogenesis. These findings yielded important insights regarding the role of mTORC1/rpS6 signaling complex in regulating BTB homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Ming Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Baiping Mao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, 10065, United States.
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Wang X, Zeng Q, Li Z, Yang X, Xia W, Chen Z. Adjudin synergizes with paclitaxel and inhibits cell growth and metastasis by regulating the sirtuin 3-Forkhead box O3a axis in human small-cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:642-658. [PMID: 30779316 PMCID: PMC6449276 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC), a malignant tumor, is usually widely metastatic when diagnosed. The lack of important therapeutic clinical advances makes it difficult to treat. Previous studies showed that Adjudin had anticancer effects in many other human cancers, and it was synergetic with cisplatin in non‐small cell lung cancer. However, the mechanism on SCLC was unclear. Methods We investigated the potential mechanism and effect of Adjudin on SCLC both in vitro and in vivo. Results An SCLC xenograft model showed that Adjudin inhibited tumor growth and was significantly synergetic with paclitaxel (in vitro as well). Cell Counting Kit‐8 assays, flow cytometric analysis and western blotting showed that Adjudin effectively suppressed SCLC cell proliferation by inducing S phase arrest and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Moreover, Transwell and scratch assays showed that Adjudin also effectively inhibited migration and invasion. Furthermore, Adjudin activated the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)–Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) pathway. Downregulating SIRT3 or FOXO3a significantly attenuated Adjudin‐induced anticancer effects. Furthermore, higher expression of SIRT3 and FOXO3a were positively correlated, and both were associated with longer survival in lung cancer patients. Conclusion Overall, the present study is the first to show that Adjudin synergizes with paclitaxel and inhibits cell growth and metastasis by regulating the SIRT3–FOXO3a axis in SCLC; thus, Adjudin has great potential to be an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziming Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang T, Yang X, Liu T, Shao J, Fu N, Yan A, Geng K, Xia W. Adjudin-preconditioned neural stem cells enhance neuroprotection after ischemia reperfusion in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:248. [PMID: 29115993 PMCID: PMC5678778 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury. However, existing evidence has also challenged this therapy on its limitations, such as the difficulty for stem cells to survive after transplantation due to the unfavorable microenvironment in the ischemic brain. Herein, we have investigated whether preconditioning of NSCs with adjudin, a small molecule compound, could enhance their survivability and further improve the therapeutic effect for NSC-based stroke therapy. METHOD We aimed to examine the effect of adjudin pretreatment on NSCs by measuring a panel of parameters after their transplantation into the infarct area of ipsilateral striatum 24 hours after I/R in mice. RESULTS We found that pretreatment of NSCs with adjudin could enhance the viability of NSCs after their transplantation into the stroke-induced infarct area. Compared with the untreated NSC group, the adjudin-preconditioned group showed decreased infarct volume and neurobehavioral deficiency through ameliorating blood-brain barrier disruption and promoting the expression and secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We also employed H2O2-induced cell death model in vitro and found that adjudin preconditioning could promote NSC survival through inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study showed that adjudin could be used to precondition NSCs to enhance their survivability and improve recovery in the stroke model, unveiling the value of adjudin for stem cell-based stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxiang Shao
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningzhen Fu
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijuan Yan
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 211, Med-X Research Institute, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Keyi Geng
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 211, Med-X Research Institute, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030 China
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Xia W, Geng K. A sirtuin activator and an anti-inflammatory molecule-multifaceted roles of adjudin and its potential applications for aging-related diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:71-8. [PMID: 27450234 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adjudin was originally developed as an improved analog of lonidamine to serve as a non-hormonal reversible male contraceptive that could cause exfoliation of the immature sperms from the seminiferous epithelium. Recently, the functionality spectrum of adjudin expands beyond as an anti-spermatogenic agent, namely, it could function as an anti-cancer drug potentially useful for combination chemotherapy, and as an anti-inflammatory molecule that could protect against ischemic stroke injury. Most strikingly, adjudin acts through activation of mitochondrion-located Sirt3 to safeguard hair cells of the cochlea from ototoxicant such as gentamycin. Recent studies also indicate that adjudin could attenuate oxidative stress and cellular senescence. These findings suggest wider applications of this small molecule, particularly in aging-related diseases.
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