1
|
Rinik UR, Kim JE, Lee E, Kwon O, Jung BH. Development of simultaneous quantitative analytical method for three active components of Korean mint (Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze) extract in human plasma using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123957. [PMID: 38134516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Agastache rugosa contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and has been extensively used as a traditional herbal medicine. The major components in Agastache rugosa extract (ARE) are rosmarinic acid, tilianin, and acacetin, for which several analytical techniques have been reported. However, these substances have yet to be simultaneously quantified in human plasma. In this study, we aimed to simultaneously determine the three active components of ARE in human plasma by developing a reliable quantitative analytical method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation of the plasma samples was achieved using an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 column with a gradient mobile phase of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1 % formic acid. Mass spectrometric detection was performed using a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The developed quantitative method was validated for the three active components. All three analytes exhibited a linear response over the ranges of 0.5-50 ng/mL for rosmarinic acid, 0.1-20 ng/mL for acacetin, and 0.5-20 ng/mL for tilianin with a weighting factor of 1/x (where x is the concentration). At three quality control (QC) concentration levels (low, medium, and high), including the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), acceptable accuracy (±15 %) was achieved in the intra- and interday validations. The concentration of rosmarinic acid was highest in plasma. Tilianin and acacetin appeared and were eliminated earlier in the plasma than rosmarinic acid. This study provides a successfully validated method that can be used in further clinical applications of Agastache rugosa extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Rahman Rinik
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shu J, Jia CL, Dang JJ, Liang YF, Li QJ, Wu QN, Liu CC. [Accumulation and biosynthesis mechanism of volatile oils in glandular scale of Agastache rugosa]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2024; 49:62-69. [PMID: 38403339 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230902.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The volatile oils are the effective components of Agastache rugosa, which are stored in the glandular scale. The leaves of pulegone-type A. rugosa were used as materials to observe the leaf morphology of A. rugosa at different growth stages, and the components of volatile oils in gland scales were detected by GC-MS. At the same time, qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative expression of key enzyme genes in the biosynthesis pathway of monoterpenes in volatile oils. The results showed that the density of A. rugosa glandular scale decreased first and then tended to be stable. With the growth of leaves, the relative content of pulegone decreased from 79.26% to 3.94%(89.97%-41.44%), while that of isomenthone increased from 2.43% to 77.87%(0.74%-51.01%), and the changes of other components were relatively insignificant. The correlation analysis between the relative content of monoterpenes and the relative expression levels of their key enzyme genes showed that there was a significant correlation between the relative content of menthone and isomenthone and the relative expression levels of pulegone reductase(PR)(r>0.6, P<0.01). To sum up, this study revealed the accumulation rules of the main components of the contents of the glandular scale of A. rugosa and the expression rules of the key enzyme genes for biosynthesis, which provided a scientific basis and data support for determining the appropriate harvesting period and quality control of the medicinal herbs. This study also initially revealed the biosynthesis mechanism of the monoterpenes mainly composed of pulegone and isomenthone in A. rugosa, laying a foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of synthesis and accumulation of monoterpenes in A. rugosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cong-Ling Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Jie Dang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ya-Fang Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiu-Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi-Nan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chan-Chan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Zhao R, Zhou X, Zhang X, Zhao G, Zhang F. Prediction of potential distribution areas and priority protected areas of Agastache rugosa based on Maxent model and Marxan model. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1200796. [PMID: 37554556 PMCID: PMC10405825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1200796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze has been widely studied because of its high medicinal and edible value. Establishing the priority protected area of wild A. rugosa can provide scientific basis for the protection of germplasm resources. In this study, we predicted the potential suitability distribution area of A. rugosa under the current and future climate scenarios with the MaxEnt model, and the dominant climate factors affecting the distribution of A. rugosa were analyzed. Based on the above results, we predicted the priority protected areas of A. rugosa with the Marxan model. The results showed that A. rugosa is mainly distributed in the eastern and central regions of China at present. In future, the suitable area of A. rugosa will increase, otherwise a few areas will shrink back and migrate to the high latitude areas as a whole. Hydrothermal conditions are the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of A. rugosa. The priority protected areas of A. rugosa are mainly distributed in Chongqing, eastern Sichuan, southern Guizhou, western Hunan and Hubei and southwestern Shaanxi, which are basically consistent with the highly suitable areas predicted by Maxent model. The results of this study are of great significance for the protection and rational utilization of species of Agastache.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruxia Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xueyong Zhou
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Administrative Office, Shanwei Middle School, Shanwei, China
| | - Fenguo Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Do TMH, Choi M, Kim JK, Kim YJ, Park C, Park CH, Park NI, Kim C, Sathasivam R, Park SU. Impact of Light and Dark Treatment on Phenylpropanoid Pathway Genes, Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Agastache rugosa Transgenic Hairy Root Cultures by Overexpressing Arabidopsis Transcription Factor AtMYB12. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041042. [PMID: 37109572 PMCID: PMC10142052 DOI: 10.3390/life13041042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Agastache rugosa, otherwise called Korean mint, has a wide range of medicinal benefits. In addition, it is a rich source of several medicinally valuable compounds such as acacetin, tilianin, and some phenolic compounds. The present study aimed to investigate how the Tartary buckwheat transcription factor AtMYB12 increased the primary and secondary metabolites in Korean mint hairy roots cultured under light and dark conditions. A total of 50 metabolites were detected by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). The result showed that the AtMYB12 transcription factor upregulated the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway genes, which leads to the highest accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites in the AtMYB12-overexpressing hairy root lines (transgenic) than that of the GUS-overexpressing hairy root line (control) when grown under the light and dark conditions. However, when the transgenic hairy root lines were grown under dark conditions, the phenolic and flavone content was not significantly different from that of the control hairy root lines. Similarly, the heat map and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) result showed that most of the metabolites were significantly abundant in the transgenic hairy root cultures grown under light conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the identified metabolites were separated far based on the primary and secondary metabolite contents present in the control and transgenic hairy root lines grown under light and dark conditions. Metabolic pathway analysis of the detected metabolites showed 54 pathways were identified, among these 30 were found to be affected. From these results, the AtMYB12 transcription factor activity might be light-responsive in the transgenic hairy root cultures, triggering the activation of the primary and secondary metabolic pathways in Korean mint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Hanh Do
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsol Choi
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanung Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero 1095, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- Division of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yeo HJ, Kwon MJ, Han SY, Jeong JC, Kim CY, Park SU, Park CH. Effects of Carbohydrates on Rosmarinic Acid Production and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities in Hairy Root Cultures of Agastache rugosa. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12040797. [PMID: 36840144 PMCID: PMC9959714 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Agastache rugosa (popularly known as Korean mint) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and comprises 22 species of perennial aromatic medicinal species native to East Asian countries, such as Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and China. A. rugosa contains many phenolic compounds that exhibit pharmacological and physiological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. The highest concentrations of rosmarinic acid and its isomers have been reported in the roots of A. rugosa. In this in vitro study, hairy roots of A. rugosa were obtained and the carbohydrates (sorbitol, mannitol, glucose, maltose, galactose, mannose, and sucrose) were evaluated to determine those that were optimal for rosmarinic acid production and hairy root growth. Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts of A. rugosa were also assessed. The best carbon source for A. rugosa hairy root cultures was sucrose, considering biomass productivity (0.460 ± 0.034 mg/30 mL), rosmarinic acid production (7.656 ± 0.407 mg/g dry weight), and total phenolic content (12.714 ± 0.202 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were displayed by A. rugosa hairy roots cultured in liquid medium supplemented with 100 mM sucrose. Twenty-five bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria and one pathogenic yeast strain, were used for antimicrobial screening of A. rugosa hairy roots. The hairy root extracts displayed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (KCTC 3063) and Bacillus cereus (KCTC 3624). The inhibition of these bacteria was greater using A. rugosa hairy roots with the highest levels of phenolic compounds cultured in the presence of sucrose, compared to hairy roots with the lowest levels of phenolic compounds cultured in the presence of fructose. Considering hairy root biomass, phenolic compound production, and antibacterial activity, sucrose is the best carbon source for A. rugosa hairy root cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.U.P.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.U.P.); (C.H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuk HJ, Ryu HW, Kim DS. Potent Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Constituents of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. and C.A.Mey.) Kuntze. Foods 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766102 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aerial parts of Agastache rugosa are used as a food material and traditional medicine in Asia. A 50% ethanol extract exhibited potent xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity (IC50 = 32.4 µg/mL). To investigate the major components responsible for this effect, seven known compounds were identified from A. rugosa; among these, salvianolic acid B (2) was isolated from this plant for the first time. Moreover, acacetin (7) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.58 µM, lower than that of allopurinol (IC50 = 4.2 µM), which is commonly used as a XO inhibitor. Comparative activity screening revealed that the C6-bonded monosaccharides (3) or sugars substituted with acetyl or malonyl groups (4-6) are critical for XO inhibition when converted to aglycone (7). The most potent inhibitor (7) in the A. rugosa extract (ARE) exhibited mixed-type inhibition kinetics and reversible inhibition toward XO. Furthermore, the hydrolysis of ARE almost converted to an inhibitor (7), which displayed the highest efficacy; UPLC-qTof MS revealed an increased content, up to five times more compared with that before treatment. This study will contribute to the enhancement in the industrial value of ARE hydrolysates as a functional ingredient and natural drug toward the management of hyperuricemia and treatment of gout.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou HD, Wu CY, Zhou J, Xu JD, Long F, Zhu JH, Zhou SS, Zhang W, Mao Q, Shen H, Shi ZQ, Wei YJ, Li SL. Holistic quality evaluation of commercial Agastache rugosa by multiple chromatographic and chemometric analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114574. [PMID: 34999432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In present study, a comprehensive strategy integrating multiple chromatographic and chemometric methods to simultaneously characterize the volatile and non-volatile components was developed for the holistic quality evaluation of commercial Agastache rugosa (AR), a common edible and medicinal herb, collected in China. The volatile components and the non-volatile components were characterized by GC-MS and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, respectively. And the data were analyzed either independently or integratively by multivariate statistical analysis (MVS) for the quality assessment of commercial samples. The results revealed that the commercial AR samples were different in both the composition and the content of volatile components. However, the compositions of non-volatile components in commercial AR were generally similar, whereas the contents of some components were different. All the results indicated that the holistic quality of commercial AR was inconsistent, and the commercial samples collected could be classified into two main groups, the volatile components were majorly responsible for the classification. Whether or not the holistic quality variations affect the efficacy of AR deserves further investigation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dang J, Lin G, Liu L, Zhou P, Shao Y, Dai S, Sang M, Jiang Z, Liu C, Wu Q. Comparison of Pulegone and Estragole Chemotypes Provides New Insight Into Volatile Oil Biosynthesis of Agastache rugosa. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:850130. [PMID: 35463413 PMCID: PMC9019551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Agastache rugosa are rich in essential oils containing monoterpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and aromatic compounds. These are used as herbs, perfume plants, and ornamental plants. Based on the difference in the constituents of the essential oil, A. rugosa is divided into pulegone and estragole chemotypes, but the mechanism of key metabolite biosynthesis in these two A. rugosa chemotypes remains unclear. In this study, we compared the morphological differences, metabolite constituents, and transcriptomic data between the two chemotypes of A. rugosa. Monoterpenoid was the main compound in the pulegone chemotype, and phenylpropanoid was the main compound in the estragole chemotype; however, limonene was detected in both chemotypes. Furthermore, 46 genes related to pulegone and estragole biosynthesis were identified. Limonene synthase, limonene-3-hydroxylase, and isopiperitenol dehydrogenase were upregulated in the pulegone chemotype, while phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase, CYP73A, coumaroyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase, and eugenol synthase were downregulated in the pulegone chemotype. We identified chavicol methyl transferase and limonene-3-hydroxylase in A. rugosa. This work not only provides the difference in morphology and metabolites in pulegone and estragole chemotypes, but also offers a molecular mechanism of volatile oil biosynthesis, which could be a basis for specialized metabolites in specialized chemotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Guyin Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Licheng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Peina Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilin Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chanchan Liu,
| | - Qinan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- Qinan Wu,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung YH, Kim J, Park CY, Park HS, Park Y. Improving Restoration Efficiency by Modeling Optimal Sowing Periods: A Case Study of Two Native Plants and Restoration of a Site. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10081506. [PMID: 34451551 PMCID: PMC8399261 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ecological restoration techniques are urgently required to minimize seed consumption and labor requirements. Here, we determined the optimal sowing period for two native species, Agastache rugosa (Korean mint) and Astilbe rubra (False goat’s beard), toward their use for ecological restoration of Mt. Gariwang, a site damaged by the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics’ activities. We investigated the effects of daily mean temperature (DMT) and daily temperature range (DTR) on seed germination percentage, which decreased for both species with decreasing DTR and was optimal at a DMT of 25 °C and 17.5 °C for A. rugosa and A. rubra, respectively. We developed a single multiple regression equation that evaluated the effects of DMT and DTR simultaneously and determined the temperature scores when the germination percentage reached 85%. We applied the developed multiple regression equation by analyzing the temperature data of the restoration site. In addition, precipitation data analysis was added to set the optimal sowing period. As a result, the optimal sowing period for the two species was determined from May 21 to the end of May. This makes it possible to minimize seed consumption and labor requirements when sowing seeds. The model developed herein will be useful not only to guide the ecological restoration of Mt. Gariwang, but also for other regions using site-specific temperature data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ho Jung
- Division of Wild Plant Seeds Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.K.); (C.-Y.P.)
| | - JunHyeok Kim
- Division of Wild Plant Seeds Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.K.); (C.-Y.P.)
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Chung-Youl Park
- Division of Wild Plant Seeds Research, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea; (Y.-H.J.); (J.K.); (C.-Y.P.)
| | - Hee-Seung Park
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, School of Bioresource and Bioscience, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.P.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-31-670-3040 (H.-S.P.); +82-64-730-4151 (Y.P.)
| | - YoSup Park
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 63607, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.P.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-31-670-3040 (H.-S.P.); +82-64-730-4151 (Y.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hong S, Cha KH, Kwon DY, Son YJ, Kim SM, Choi JH, Yoo G, Nho CW. Agastache rugosa ethanol extract suppresses bone loss via induction of osteoblast differentiation with alteration of gut microbiota. Phytomedicine 2021; 84:153517. [PMID: 33626428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoporosis is a metabolic skeletal disease characterized by bone loss and an increased risk of fractures. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Agastache rugosa on postmenopausal osteoporosis and elucidate its mechanisms in modulating the bone status. METHODS AND RESULTS In the osteoblast differentiation process with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, ethanol extract of Agastache rugosa (EEAR) and its compounds increased the expression of the proteins and genes of the osteoblast differentiation-related markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and β-catenin along with the elevation of calcium deposits. An ovariectomized mouse model was utilized to determine the impact of EEAR extract on postmenopausal osteoporosis. Twelve weeks of AR treatment suppressed the loss of bone strength, which was observed through micro-computed tomography. AR elevated osteogenic markers in the bone marrow cells, and collagen type 1 alpha 1 in the distal femoral bone. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of cecal gut microbiomes demonstrated that AR reversed the ovariectomy-induced changes in the gut microbiomes. CONCLUSION Ethanol extract of Agastache rugosa has a therapeutic effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis via bone morphogenic protein, transforming growth factor β, and Wnt signaling pathway. It also increases the diversity of gut microbiota. Therefore, these data suggest that EEAR could be a potential candidate to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Hong
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kwon
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Ju Son
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyhye Yoo
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeo HJ, Park CH, Park YE, Hyeon H, Kim JK, Lee SY, Park SU. Metabolic profiling and antioxidant activity during flower development in Agastache rugosa. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:445-455. [PMID: 33854275 PMCID: PMC7981361 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our previous study showed that flowers of Agastache rugosa had higher phenolic levels and higher antibacterial and antioxidant capacity compared to those of the leaves and stems. The aim of this study was to provide information on the variation in primary and secondary metabolites during flower development in A. rugosa by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and assays of total anthocyanin (TAC), flavonoid (TFC), and phenolic content (TPC), as well as gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) analysis. Assays of TPC, TAC, and TFC showed that the floral bud (stage I) contained higher TPC than did the partially open flower (stage II) and fully open flower (stage III). However, the TFC was the highest at stage II, and the highest TAC was observed at stage III. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed that the level of total phenylpropanoids, including rosmarinic acid, tilianin, acacetin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, rutin, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, was higher in stages I and II, but the concentrations of rutin and rosmarinic acid were highest in stage III. A total of 43 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, sugars, photorespiration-related compounds, and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were identified through GC-TOFMS analysis. Of these compounds, most amino acids decreased during flower development. In contrast, the increase in concentrations of glucose and sucrose were observed from stages I to III. In this study, health-beneficial compounds were identified and quantified in flowers of A. rugosa. Accordingly, our results suggests that A. rugosa flowers can potentially be used as biomaterials for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and related industries. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12298-021-00945-z).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyeon
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, 61-220 Myeongsasimni, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, 59146 Jeollanamdo Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou B, Yue Z. The complete chloroplast genomes of Lycopus lucidus and Agastache rugosa, two herbal species in tribe Mentheae of Lamiaceae family. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:89-90. [PMID: 33521278 PMCID: PMC7819123 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1847617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lamiaceae is one of the largest families in the kingdom Plantae, including lots of traditional Chinese herbs. Lycopus lucidus and Agastache rugosa are two Lamiaceae species, which are most frequently used in Chinese traditional medicine. In the current study, the complete chloroplast genome sequences of two species were assembled. Their circular DNA lengths were 152,096 and 151,922 bp respectively. Both genomes were made up of a large single-copy region, a small single-copy region, and a pair of inverted repeat regions. Each genome totally encoded 133 genes, containing 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both species belong to the Mentheae tribe of the Lamiaceae family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Microbiology Institute of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanping Wang
- College of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baozhen Zhou
- College of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Yue
- College of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nam HH, Kim JS, Lee J, Seo YH, Kim HS, Ryu SM, Choi G, Moon BC, Lee AY. Pharmacological Effects of Agastache rugosa against Gastritis Using a Network Pharmacology Approach. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091298. [PMID: 32916904 PMCID: PMC7565599 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Agastache rugosa is used as a Korean traditional medicine to treat gastric diseases. However, the active ingredients and pharmacological targets of A. rugosa are unknown. In this study, we aimed to reveal the pharmacological effects of A. rugosa on gastritis by combining a mice model and a network pharmacology method. The macrophage and gastritis-induced models were used to evaluate the pharmacological effects of A. rugosa. The results show that A. rugosa relieved mucosal damage induced by HCl/EtOH in vivo. Network analysis identified 99 components in A. rugosa; six components were selected through systematic screening, and five components were linked to 45 gastritis-related genes. The main components were acacetin and luteolin, and the identified core genes were AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-3 (MAPK3) etc. in this network. The network of components, target genes, protein–protein interactions, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was closely connected with chemokines and with phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt (PI3K/AKT), tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNFα), mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. In conclusion, A. rugosa exerts gastro-protective effects through a multi-compound and multi-pathway regulatory network and holds potential for treating inflammatory gastric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Yeong Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-338-7128; Fax: +82-61-338-7136
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jang SA, Hwang YH, Kim T, Yang H, Lee J, Seo YH, Park JI, Ha H. Water Extract of Agastache rugosa Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis. Foods 2020; 9:E1181. [PMID: 32858922 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women causes homeostatic imbalance of bone, resulting in bone loss and osteoporosis. Agastache rugosa, a plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is an aromatic herb, and the leaves of this herb are widely used as food ingredients. Extracts of A. rugosa have various bioactivities including anti-HIV integration, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic properties. However, the beneficial effect of A. rugosa on bone has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of water extract of A. rugosa (WEAR) on osteoclast differentiation and estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as an animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The oral administration of WEAR remarkably improved OVX-induced trabecular bone loss and fat accumulation in the bone marrow. WEAR suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation in osteoclast precursor cells, subsequently inhibiting resorption activity on a bone mimetic surface. WEAR inhibited the expression of cellular oncogene fos (c-Fos) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), key osteoclastogenic transcription factors, by decreasing RANKL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. We also identified seventeen phytochemicals present in WEAR, including five phenols and twelve flavonoids, and found eleven bioactive constituents that have anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Collectively, these results suggest that WEAR could be used to treat and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kwon EB, Kang MJ, Ryu HW, Lee S, Lee JW, Lee MK, Lee HS, Lee SU, Oh SR, Kim MO. Acacetin enhances glucose uptake through insulin-independent GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes. Phytomedicine 2020; 68:153178. [PMID: 32126492 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lowering blood glucose levels by increasing glucose uptake in insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is one strategy to discover and develop antidiabetic drugs from natural products used as traditional medicines. PURPOSE Our goal was to reveal the mechanism and activity of acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), one of the major compounds in Agastache rugose, in stimulating glucose uptake in muscle cells. METHODS To determine whether acacetin promotes GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake in cultured L6 skeletal muscle cells, we performed a [14C] 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake assay after treating differentiated L6-GLUT4myc cells with acacetin. RESULTS Acacetin dose-dependently increased 2-DG uptake by enhancing GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. Our results revealed that acacetin activated the CaMKII-AMPK pathway by increasing intracellular calcium concentrations. We also found that aPKCλ/ζ phosphorylation and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were involved in acacetin-induced GLUT4 translocation. Moreover, acacetin-activated AMPK inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation and increased 2-DG uptake in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that acacetin might be useful as an antidiabetic functional ingredient. Subsequent experiments using disease model animals are needed to verify our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Myung-Ji Kang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Seoghyen Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungbuk 28116, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin N, Tang X, Zhou H, Han J. Erythema multiforme-like contact dermatitis caused by herbal medicine. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 80:189-190. [PMID: 30411366 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naiyu Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiande Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shin D, Lee Y, Huang YH, Lim HW, Jang K, Kim DD, Lim CJ. Probiotic fermentation augments the skin anti-photoaging properties of Agastache rugosa through up-regulating antioxidant components in UV-B-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:196. [PMID: 29940937 PMCID: PMC6019510 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze (Korean mint) is used to treat diverse types of human disorders in traditional medicine. In recent years, its non-fermented leaf extract (ARE) has been shown to possess protective properties against ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation-induced photooxidative stress. The present work aimed to examine whether probiotic bacterial fermentation would potentiate the skin anti-photoaging activity of ARE or not, by comparing the protective properties of ARE and corresponding fermented extract (ARE-F) against UV-B radiation-induced photooxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes. Methods ARE-F was produced from ARE by the fermentation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus HK-9, a type of Gram-positive probiotic bacterial strain. Anti-photoaging activities were evaluated by analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS), promatrix metalloproteinases (proMMPs), total glutathione (GSH) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) in UV-B-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. Antiradical activity was determined using 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Results ARE-F contained higher attenuating activity on the UV-B-induced ROS generation than ARE. Similarly, ARE-F was able to diminish the UV-B-induced proMMP-9 and -2 more effectively than ARE. ARE-F displayed higher tendencies to augment the UV-B-reduced total GSH content and SOD activity than ARE. However, there were no significant difference between ARE and ARE-F in ABTS radical scavenging activities. Conclusions The findings suggest that the UV-B radiation-protective activity of ARE is enhanced by probiotic bacterial fermentation, which might improve the therapeutic and cosmetic values of A. rugosa leaves.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong H, Li S, He L, Kasimu R. Microscopic identification and in vitro activity of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. et Mey) from Xinjiang, China. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:95. [PMID: 28173792 PMCID: PMC5297021 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agastache rugosa is well-known as a common traditional Chinese medicine, which have relieving summer-heat, analgesic and antipyretic effects, have long been used as folkloristic remedy in the treatment of several infectious diseases, anti-inflammatory, and for its antibacterial properties. Considering the lack of available data on the morphology, anatomy and in vitro activity of A. rugosa, the goal of the present study was to carry out the microscopic identification of its aerial parts and in vitro activity research as a contribution to the quality control and reasonable utilization involving A. rugosa. METHODS The present study was (a) to describe the microscopic identification with usual light and scanning electron microtechniques of A. rugosa, collected from Xinjiang Region; (b) based on previous research on the essential oil constituents among different parts of A. rugosa from Xinjiang by GC-MS method, to evaluate its antibacterial effect and cell viabilitity assay. RESULTS The microscopic identification of botanical material showed some typical structure. The essential oils from the dried flower (EOF) and leaves (EOL) of A. rugosa were 0.29% and 0.57% (w/w), respectively. The in vitro antibacterial activities showed strong inhibition against S.aureus, E. coli of EOF; strong inhibition against E. coli of EOL. Based GC-MS analysis, the MTT assay showed a dose and time-dependent increase in damage for gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work, based on an extensive analytical characterization of the EOF and EOL chemical composition, compared with other origins, showed A. rugosa possessed antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties activities, which need much additional work to open up new biomedical application of these components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gong
- Postdoctoral research station of college of pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 118 Henan West Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 789 Suzhou East Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan He
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Rena Kasimu
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao P, Xie P, Wang X, Wang J, Wei J, Kang WY. Chemical constituents and coagulation activity of Agastache rugosa. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:93. [PMID: 28166786 PMCID: PMC5294890 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background In the Chinese traditional medicine, plant of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Kuntze (A. rugosa) has been used to treat nausea, vomiting and dispel damp. However, currently, few reports about the chemical constituents, especially the non-volatile components of A. rugosa are available. Methods Through separation with various column chromatographies to elucidate the chemical constituents of A. rugosa, the biological activities of the major constituents were investigated. The extracts and main constituents of A. rugosa were evaluated for their anticoagulant effects by assaying the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB) in vitro. Results Seven known compounds (namely compounds 1–7) were isolated from the aerial parts of A. rugosa. They were identified as methyl hexadecanoate (1), β-sitosterol (2), acacetin (3), ursolic acid (4), apigenin (5), protocatechuic acid (6) and tilianin (7), respectively. Compounds 1 and 6 were isolated from the genus Agastache for the first time, and compound 4 was obtained from the plants for the first time. The results showed that the extract of A. rugosa had a significant procoagulant activity by shortening the time of PT (P < 0.001) and increasing FIB content (P < 0.001), as compared with Vitamin K1. While its major constituents acacetin and tilianin exhibited significant anticoagulant activities by prolonging the times of PT, APTT, TT and reducing FIB content (P < 0.001), as compared with blank control group. Conclusions The total extract of A. rugosa possessed significant procoagulant activity, while its main components, acacetin and tilianin possessed significant anticoagulant activities. Further investigation should be pursued to find out the bioactivity components responsible for the procoagulant action of the plant.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei J, Cao P, Wang J, Kang W. Analysis of tilianin and acacetin in Agastache rugosa by high-performance liquid chromatography with ionic liquids-ultrasound based extraction. Chem Cent J 2016; 10:76. [PMID: 27994640 PMCID: PMC5127089 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide-methanol-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) was used to extract tilianin and acacetin from the aerial parts of Agastache rugose (A. rugose), and simultaneously determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC-UV). An InertSustain RP-C18 column was used with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.2% acetic acid as gradient elution at the detection wavelength of 332 nm. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, and the column temperature was 30 °C. Under the optimized conditions, tilianin and acacetin displayed good linearity in the ranges of 0.0595–4.76 and 0.0585–4.68 μg/mL, respectively, with the average recoveries being 96.93 and 97.88%, respectively. The method of ILUAE was compared with the traditional methods, it exhibited higher efficiency, higher reproducibility and environmental friendly in analyzing the active compounds in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Pengran Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| | - Wenyi Kang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China ; Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Functional Components in Health Food, Kaifeng, 475004 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Haiyan G, Lijuan H, Shaoyu L, Chen Z, Ashraf MA. Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antitumor activities of essential oil of Agastache rugosa from Xinjiang, China. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:524-30. [PMID: 27298587 PMCID: PMC4890188 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, we evaluated chemical composition and antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and antitumor activities of essential oils from dried leaf essential oil of leaf and flower of Agastache rugosa for the first time. Essential oil of leaf and flower was evaluated with GC and GC–MS methods, and the essential oil of flower revealed the presence of 21 components, whose major compounds were pulegone (34.1%), estragole (29.5%), and p-Menthan-3-one (19.2%). 26 components from essential oil of leaf were identified, the major compounds were p-Menthan-3-one (48.8%) and estragole (20.8%). At the same time, essential oil of leaf, there is a very effective antimicrobial activity with MIC ranging from 9.4 to 42 μg ml−1 and potential antibiofilm, antitumor activities for essential oils of flower and leaf essential oil of leaf. The study highlighted the diversity in two different parts of A. rugosa grown in Xinjiang region and other places, which have different active constituents. Our results showed that this native plant may be a good candidate for further biological and pharmacological investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gong Haiyan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 118 Henan Westroad, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China; Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - He Lijuan
- Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Li Shaoyu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 789 Suzhou Eestroad, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Zhang Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, No. 118 Henan Westroad, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|