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Medina-Espinoza EF, Juen L, Calvão LB, Arellano Cruz G. Variations in the Odonata Assemblages: How Do the Dry Season and Water Bodies Influence Them? Neotrop Entomol 2024:10.1007/s13744-024-01153-6. [PMID: 38656590 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Diverse abiotic and biotic factors drive the ecological variation of communities across spatial and temporal dimensions. Within the Amazonian landscape, various freshwater environments exhibit distinct physicochemical characteristics. Thus, our study delved into the fluctuations of Odonata assemblages amidst distinct water bodies within Amazonia, encompassing two distinct climatic seasons. Comparative analysis was conducted on Odonata species diversity and assemblage composition across a blackwater pond, a lake, and a stream, spanning the initiation and culmination of the dry season in the southwestern Amazon region in Peru. Our methodology involved capturing adult Odonata using entomological nets on three separate occasions between 11:00 and 14:00 h for each water body in May (beginning of the dry season) and October (end of the dry season) of 2018. We also evaluated the influence of temperature, precipitation, and percent cloud cover on the abundance and richness of adult Odonata. Species richness and composition differed among the three water bodies in both periods of the dry season. No effect of the dry season periods on species richness and abundance was observed. However, except in the oxbow lake, the more abundant species were substituted to the end of the dry season. Our study highlights the influence of water body types on Odonata species diversity and composition. The effects of the sampling period during the dry season may not be immediately apparent in conventional diversity metrics, such as species richness and abundance. Instead, its effects manifest predominantly in the relative abundance of the species that compose these assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Fiorella Medina-Espinoza
- Depto de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Lima, Peru.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lenize Batista Calvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Germán Arellano Cruz
- Lab de Ecología de Artrópodos (LEA), Univ Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Lima, Perú
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Preuss A, Appel E, Gorb SN, Büsse S. Tanning of the tarsal and mandibular cuticle in adult Anax imperator (Insecta: Odonata) during the emergence sequence. Interface Focus 2024; 14:20230076. [PMID: 38618233 PMCID: PMC11008962 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The arthropod cuticle offers strength, protection, and lightweight. Due to its limit in expandability, arthropods have to moult periodically to grow. While moulting is beneficial in terms of parasite or toxin control, growth and adaptation to environmental conditions, it costs energy and leaves the soft animal's body vulnerable to injuries and desiccation directly after ecdysis. To investigate the temporal change in sclerotization and pigmentation during and after ecdysis, we combined macrophotography, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and histological sectioning. We analysed the tarsal and mandibular cuticle of the blue emperor dragonfly to compare the progress of tanning for structures that are functionally involved during emergence (tarsus/tarsal claws) with structures whose functionality is required much later (mandibles). Our results show that: (i) the tanning of the tarsal and mandibular cuticle increases during emergence; (ii) the tarsal cuticle tans faster than the mandibular cuticle; (iii) the mandibles tan faster on the aboral than on the oral side; and (iv) both the exo- and the endocuticle are tanned. The change in the cuticle composition of the tarsal and mandibular cuticle reflects the demand for higher mechanical stability of these body parts when holding on to the substrate during emergence and during first walking or hunting attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Preuss
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Esther Appel
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Büsse
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department for Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 23, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Richmond IC, Perron MC, Boyle SP, Pick FR. Connectivity of stormwater ponds impacts Odonata abundance and species richness. Landsc Ecol 2024; 39:63. [PMID: 38435963 PMCID: PMC10902110 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-024-01817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Context The successful dispersal of an animal depends, partly, on landscape connectivity. Urbanization poses risks to dispersal activities by increasing hostile land cover types. Objectives We investigated how connectivity of urban ponds impacted Odonata communities (dragonflies and damselflies), an order of semi-aquatic insects that actively disperse. Methods We sampled 41 constructed stormwater ponds and 8 natural ponds in a metropolitan area. The effect of connectivity and the quantity of available adjacent habitats was tested at different scales for dragonflies (900 m) and damselflies (300 m), determined by a literature analysis, to account for differences in suborder dispersal capabilities. Results Lower levels of connectivity and fewer nearest neighbours negatively impacted abundance, species richness, and composition of dragonflies (p values < 0.01, R2 = 0.18-0.70). Adult dragonfly abundance had a stronger positive relationship with connectivity than species richness. In particular, the abundance of adult dragonfly Leucorrhinia frigida, found almost exclusively at natural ponds, had a positive relationship with connectivity. Connectivity and the number of nearest neighbours had no significant impact on damselflies apart from a slight negative relationship between connectivity and species richness (p value = 0.02, R2 = 0.11). Natural ponds had significantly higher levels of connectivity when compared to stormwater ponds. Conclusions Our results suggest that dragonflies are positively affected by increased connectivity in an urban landscape, with no benefit of connectivity to damselflies at the scale measured. We recommend intentional planning of urban stormwater pond networks, where individual ponds can act as stepping stones, incorporated with strategic inclusion of beneficial land cover types. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-024-01817-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. C. Richmond
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - M. C. Perron
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
- St. Lawrence River Institute of Environmental Sciences, 2 St. Lawrence Drive, Cornwall, ON K6H 4Z1 Canada
| | - S. P. Boyle
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland - Grenfell, 20 University Dr, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G5 Canada
| | - F. R. Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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Brito JS, Cottenie K, Brasil LS, Bastos RC, Ferreira VRS, Cruz GM, Lima DVM, Vieira LJS, Michelan TS, Juen L. Main drivers of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta; Odonata) metacommunities in streams inside protected areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:281. [PMID: 38368304 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12444-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of environmental and spatial influence in freshwater systems is crucial for the conservation of aquatic diversity. So, we evaluated communities of Odonata in streams inside and outside sustainable use areas in the Brazilian western Amazon. We predicted that these streams would differ regarding habitat integrity and species α and β diversity. We also predict that environmental and spatial variables will be important for both suborders, but with more substantial effects on Zygoptera species, considering their nature of forest-specialist. The study was conducted in 35 streams, 19 inside and 16 outside sustainable use areas. The streams outside presented high species richness, abundance, and number of exclusive forest-specialist species from Zygoptera and higher scores of habitat integrity. In contrast, one sustainable use area presented the lowest values of these metrics. Besides, we found that environmental and spatial variables were significantly associated to Zygoptera species composition, but not with Anisoptera, which can be explained by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results indicated that an interplay between environmental and spatial processes determines the structure of the metacommunities of Zygoptera. The less effective dispersal rates and narrow ecological tolerance of Zygoptera species make them more influenced by local conditions and dispersal limitation, and more sensible to habitat modifications. We highlight the importance of improving the local management of the sustainable use areas by environmental agencies, mainly on areas that are losing their capacity to maintain the aquatic fauna, and implementation of social policies toward traditional people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joás Silva Brito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Karl Cottenie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Leandro Schlemmer Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas E da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Pontal Do Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - Rafael Costa Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Martins Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Diego Viana Melo Lima
- Laboratório de Ictiologia E Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal Do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | | | - Thaisa Sala Michelan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Laboratório de Ecologia E Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Willacker JJ, Eagles-Smith CA, Nelson SJ, Flanagan Pritz CM, Krabbenhoft DP. The influence of short-term temporal variability on the efficacy of dragonfly larvae as mercury biosentinels. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161469. [PMID: 36632899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) exposure to fish, wildlife, and humans is widespread and of global concern, thus stimulating efforts to reduce emissions. Because the relationships between rates of inorganic Hg loading, methylmercury (MeHg) production, and bioaccumulation are extremely complex and challenging to predict, there is a need for reliable biosentinels to understand the distribution of Hg in the environment and monitor the effectiveness of reduction efforts. However, it is important to assess how temporal and spatial variation at multiple scales influences the efficacy of specific biosentinels. Seasonal and interannual variation in total Hg (THg) concentrations of dragonfly larvae were examined in relation to spatial variability among 21 sites in two U.S. national parks with contrasting ecologies and Hg deposition patterns. Dragonfly THg differed among sampling events at 17 of the 21 sites, but by an average of only 20.4 % across events, compared to an average difference of 52.7 % among sites. Further, THg concentrations did not follow consistent seasonal patterns across sites or years, suggesting that the observed temporal variation was unlikely to bias monitoring efforts. Importantly, for a specific site, there was no difference in % MeHg in dragonflies among sampling events. Finally, there was significant temporal variability in the biogeochemical factors (aqueous inorganic Hg, aqueous MeHg, DOC, SO4, and pH) influencing dragonfly THg, with the importance of individual factors varying by 2.4 to 4.3-fold across sampling events. Despite these results, it is noteworthy that the observed temporal variation in dragonfly THg concentrations was neither large nor consistent enough to bias spatial assessments. Thus, although this temporal variation may provide insights into the processes influencing biological Hg concentrations, it is unlikely to impair the use of dragonflies as biosentinels for monitoring spatial or temporal patterns at scales relevant to most mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Willacker
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Appalachian Mountain Club, 361 Route 16, Gorham, NH 03581, USA
| | | | - David P Krabbenhoft
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Pires MM, Ely-Junior GL, Dalzochio MS, Sahlén G, Périco E. Intraspecific Morphological Variation in the Dragonfly Erythrodiplax Media (Odonata: Libellulidae) Among South American Grassland Physiognomies. Neotrop Entomol 2021; 50:736-747. [PMID: 34228314 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the intraspecific morphological variation in Erythrodiplax media Borror 1942 (Odonata, Libellulidae) among grassland physiognomies ("Coastal," "Highland," and "Steppic") in the South Brazilian Campos. We measured six morphological traits (total body length, thorax height, length, and width of the fore- and hindwings) from 90 specimens (60 males and 45 females). We tested the effect of the grassland type on the set of traits using one-way MANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) (separately for each sex). Grassland physiognomy affected the morphology of males and females. In both sexes, the PCA mostly opposed the specimens of the Coastal from the Highland and Steppic grasslands. The first PCA axis separated specimens according to body lengths, thorax heights, and wing width, while the second PCA axis opposed specimens according to wing length and thorax height from specimens with broader wings and longer body lengths. Males from the Coastal had longer body lengths and shorter thorax heights than Highland and Steppic grasslands, while males from the Steppic had longer fore- and hindwings than specimens from the Coastal and Highland grasslands. Females from the Coastal had significantly shorter forewings than specimens from the Steppic grasslands and shorter hindwings than Highland grasslands. Our results are likely explained by the differences in climate and habitat complexity among grassland types and indicate that the processes driving odonate performance vary among grassland biotopes. This study potentially indicates that dragonflies are sensitive to changes in the vegetation structure in South American subtropical grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Marques Pires
- Lab de Evolução e Ecologia, Univ do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Lajeado, (RS), Brazil.
| | | | | | - Göran Sahlén
- Ecology and Environmental Science, RLAS, Halmstad Univ, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Périco
- Lab de Evolução e Ecologia, Univ do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Lajeado, (RS), Brazil
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Galimberti A, Assandri G, Maggioni D, Ramazzotti F, Baroni D, Bazzi G, Chiandetti I, Corso A, Ferri V, Galuppi M, Ilahiane L, La Porta G, Laddaga L, Landi F, Mastropasqua F, Ramellini S, Santinelli R, Soldato G, Surdo S, Casiraghi M. Italian odonates in the Pandora's box: A comprehensive DNA barcoding inventory shows taxonomic warnings at the Holarctic scale. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:183-200. [PMID: 32755053 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Odonata are considered among the most endangered freshwater faunal taxa. Their DNA-based monitoring relies on validated reference data sets that are often lacking or do not cover important biogeographical centres of diversification. This study presents the results of a DNA barcoding campaign on Odonata, based on the standard 658-bp 5' end region of the mitochondrial COI gene, involving the collection of 812 specimens (409 of which barcoded) from peninsular Italy and its main islands (328 localities), belonging to all the 88 species (31 Zygoptera and 57 Anisoptera) known from the country. Additional BOLD and GenBank data from Holarctic samples expanded the data set to 1,294 DNA barcodes. A multi-approach species delimitation analysis involving two distance (OT and ABGD) and four tree-based (PTP, MPTP, GMYC and bGMYC) methods was used to explore these data. Of the 88 investigated morphospecies, 75 (85%) unequivocally corresponded to distinct molecular operational units, whereas the remaining ones were classified as 'warnings' (i.e. showing a mismatch between morphospecies assignment and DNA-based species delimitation). These results are in contrast with other DNA barcoding studies on Odonata showing up to 95% of identification success. The species causing warnings were grouped into three categories depending on if they showed low, high or mixed genetic divergence patterns. The analysis of haplotype networks revealed unexpected intraspecific complexity at the Italian, Palearctic and Holarctic scale, possibly indicating the occurrence of cryptic species. Overall, this study provides new insights into the taxonomy of odonates and a valuable basis for future DNA and eDNA-based monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Assandri
- Area per l'Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano - Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo, Maldives
| | - Fausto Ramazzotti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Baroni
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Ferri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 2 - Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Ilahiane
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gianandrea La Porta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (DCBB), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Laddaga
- Società di Scienze Naturali del Verbano Cusio Ossola, Natural Science Museum Collegio Mellerio Rosmini, Domodossola, Italy
| | | | | | - Samuele Ramellini
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Policies, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Salvatore Surdo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Favret C, Moisan-De Serres J, Larrivée M, Lessard JP. The Odonata of Quebec: Specimen data from seven collections. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e49450. [PMID: 32174757 PMCID: PMC7060285 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e49450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Odonata, dragonflies and damselflies, constitute one of the more charismatic and better-studied orders of insects. The approximately 6,000 extant species on Earth can be variously found on all continents, except Antarctica. A relatively stable taxonomy, a relative ease of species identification and an aquatic immature stage has made the Odonata a taxon of interest in documenting the symptoms of global environmental change, especially at higher latitudes. The Odonata fauna of the north-temperate Canadian province of Quebec includes 150 species, many of which are at the northern limits of their geographic distribution. New information Quebec hosts multiple entomological specimen depositories, including seven publicly-accessible research collections. One of these, the University of Montreal's Ouellet-Robert Entomological Collection, houses an exceptionally large collection of Odonata. An initial specimen data capture project for this collection gathered 31,595 Quebec Odonata occurrence records, but several Quebec species were missing and geographic coverage was biased towards the Montreal region. To complement this dataset, we undertook to digitise the Odonata records of six other public research collections. They are, in order of Quebec Odonata collection size, the Laval University Entomological Collection, McGill University's Lyman Entomological Museum, the Insectarium of Montreal Research Collection, the Quebec Government's Insect Collection, Bishop's University's Insect Collection and the Laurentian Forestry Centre's René-Martineau Insectarium. Of the 40,447 total specimen occurrence records, 36,951 are identified to the species level, including 137 of the 150 species officially-recorded in Quebec and 2 non-nominotypical subspecies. We here summarise the data and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the datasets. The complete dataset is available with this publication (Suppl. material 1), whereas the specimen data associated with each collection are available as Darwin Core archives at Canadensys.net and will be updated as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Favret
- University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada University of Montreal Montreal Canada
| | - Joseph Moisan-De Serres
- Quebec Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Quebec City, Canada Quebec Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Quebec City Canada
| | - Maxim Larrivée
- Insectarium of Montreal, Montreal, Canada Insectarium of Montreal Montreal Canada
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Oliveira-Junior JMB, Dias-Silva K, Teodósio MA, Juen L. The Response of Neotropical Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) to Local and Regional Abiotic Factors in Small Streams of the Amazon. Insects 2019; 10:insects10120446. [PMID: 31842353 PMCID: PMC6956063 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the relative role of local and regional abiotic factors on the Odonata diversity in rainforest streams is still poorly understood, we evaluated the effects of these factors on adult Odonata (Insecta) from preserved and altered streams in the Amazonian region. Adult Odonata were sampled in 98 streams in the Eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil. Six variables were used to measure local environmental factors: habitat integrity index; mean canopy over the channel; and four physical and chemical descriptors of the water. To measure regional environmental factors, six variables were also used: altitude gradient, three bioclimatic variables and two percentage forest variables. In partial redundancy analysis, both abiotic factors (local and regional) were important to explain the variation in the Odonata community. The Odonata community can be influenced by regional and local factors. The relationship between Odonata and the local (e.g., integrity, canopy cover, and physical and chemical descriptors of the water) and regional (e.g., bioclimatic and forest cover variables) environmental variables recorded in this study has important implications for the use of these organisms to monitor small streams of the Eastern Amazon. The scale at which habitat is measured is an important issue in community structuring studies considering the rapid environmental changes. It is of great importance to consider the different scales in studies assessing community structure, once an adequate habitat must meet the ecological needs of all stages of the life of the Odonata.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia (PPGECO), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LABECO), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correia, N.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil; (K.D.-S.); (L.J.)
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz, s/n (Unidade Tapajós) Bairro Salé, Santarém 68040-255, Pará, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-93-99196-8990
| | - Karina Dias-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia (PPGECO), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LABECO), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correia, N.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil; (K.D.-S.); (L.J.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação (PPGBC), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Coronel José Porfírio, N. 2515, Bairro São Sebastião, Altamira 68372-040, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Alexandra Teodósio
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia (PPGECO), Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação (LABECO), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Correia, N.1, Bairro Guamá, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil; (K.D.-S.); (L.J.)
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10
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Oliveira-Junior JMB, Juen L. Structuring of Dragonfly Communities (Insecta: Odonata) in Eastern Amazon: Effects of Environmental and Spatial Factors in Preserved and Altered Streams. Insects 2019; 10:E322. [PMID: 31569784 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the effects of environmental factors on natural communities has been one of the principal approaches in ecology; although, over the past decade, increasing importance has been given to spatial factors. In this context, we evaluated the relative importance of environmental and spatial factors for the structuring of the local odonate communities in preserved and altered streams. Adult Odonata were sampled in 98 streams in eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The physical features of each stream were evaluated and spatial variables were generated. Only environmental factors accounted for the variation in the Odonata community. The same pattern was observed in the suborder Zygoptera. For Anisoptera, environmental factors alone affect the variation in the community, considering all the environments together, and the altered areas on their own. As the two Odonata suborders presented distinct responses to environmental factors, this partitioning may contribute to an improvement in the precision of studies in biomonitoring. We thus suggest that studies would have a greater explanatory potential if additional variables are included, related to biotic interactions (e.g., competition). This will require further investigation on a finer scale of environmental variation to determine how the Odonata fauna of Amazonian streams behaves under this analytical perspective.
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Büsse S, Büscher TH, Heepe L, Gorb SN. Adaptations of dragonfly larvae and their exuviae (Insecta: Odonata), attachment devices and their crucial role during emergence. J Insect Physiol 2019; 117:103914. [PMID: 31323235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Moulting, especially in 'hemimetabolous' insects that emerge upside down, is a crucial moment in their live. Losing their attachment during this situation can be fatal for survival. We here studied the emergence of dragonfly adults, describe structures involved in larval attachment to the substrate, and biomechanically test the pull-off forces of exuviae to natural substrates. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe both morphology and material composition of the leg cuticle of Anax imperator larvae. The results show that the combination of morphological and behavioral adaptations provides reliable anchorage of exuviae to the substrates. We determined a safety factor of 14, and demonstrated that this staggered safety system experiencing several unlocking and relocking events withstand multiple disturbances before the entire exuvia is completely detaches. This furthers our understanding of interlocking and anchorage of insects in general and may allow for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Büsse
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Thies H Büscher
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Heepe
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Alves-Martins F, Brasil LS, Juen L, De Marco P, Stropp J, Hortal J. Metacommunity patterns of Amazonian Odonata: the role of environmental gradients and major rivers. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6472. [PMID: 31119064 PMCID: PMC6507913 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We identified and classified damselfly (Zygoptera) and dragonfly (Anisoptera) metacommunities in Brazilian Amazonia, relating species distribution patterns to known biological gradients and biogeographical history. We expected a random distribution of both Zygoptera and Anisoptera within interfluves. At the Amazonian scale, we expected Anisoptera metacommunities to be randomly distributed due to their higher dispersal ability and large environmental tolerance. In contrast, we expected Zygoptera communities to exhibit a Clementsian pattern, limited by the large Amazonia rivers due to their low dispersal ability. Methods We used a dataset of 58 first-to-third order well-sampled streamlets in four Amazonian interfluves and applied an extension of the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EMS) framework, in which we order Zygoptera and Anisoptera metacommunities by known spatial and biogeographic predictors. Results At the Amazonian scale, both Zygoptera and Anisoptera presented a Clementsian pattern, driven by the same environmental and biogeographical predictors, namely biogeographic region (interfluve), annual mean temperature, habitat integrity and annual precipitation. At the interfluve scale, results were less consistent and only partially support our hypothesis. Zygoptera metacommunities at Guiana and Anisoptera metacommunities at Tapajós were classified as random, suggesting that neutral processes gain importance at smaller spatial scales. Discussion Our findings were consistent with previous studies showing that environmental gradients and major rivers limit the distribution of Odonata communities, supporting that larger Amazonian rivers act as barriers for the dispersal of this group. In addition, the importance of habitat integrity indicates that intactness of riparian vegetation is an important filter shaping metacommunity structure of Amazonian stream Odonata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves-Martins
- Departament of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Leandro Juen
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Paulo De Marco
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Joaquín Hortal
- Departament of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
We evaluated the extent of intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances for two highly diverse infraorders of Odonata: Anisoptera and Zygoptera. All cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences (cox1), the region chosen for zoological DNA barcoding, present in GenBank for each infraorder were downloaded and curated. For Anisoptera, the final dataset consisted of 2,961 individual cox1 sequences for 536 species and the equivalent numbers for Zygoptera were 2,477 sequences for 497 species. More than 7 million individual genetic comparisons were made and the results indicated that there is a tendency towards a barcoding gap, but that the size of the gap may not be sufficient to robustly infer identities for some taxa. DNA barcoding may be of less use for some odonate taxa, perhaps pertaining to misidentifications in global databases. However, at local scales or with more confined taxonomical sampling, this tool may yet be beneficial in identifying these charismatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Koroiva
- a Ecology and Conservation Graduate Program , Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil.,b Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária s/n , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- c Department of Natural History , Royal Ontario Museum , Toronto , ON , Canada.,d Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Novelo-Gutiérrez R, Ramírez A, Delgado D. The larvae of Epigomphus jannyae Belle, 1993 and E. tumefactus Calvert, 1903 (Insecta: Odonata: Gomphidae). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2338. [PMID: 27635319 PMCID: PMC5012296 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic knowledge about immature stages of the insect order Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) is rather limited in tropical America. Here, the larvae of Epigomphus jannyae Belle, 1993 and E. tumefactus Calvert, 1903 are described, figured, and compared with other described congeners. E. jannyae larva is characterized by 3rd antennomere 1.6 times longer than its widest part; ligula very poorly developed, with ten short, truncate teeth on middle; apical lobe of labial palp rounded and smooth. Lateral margins on abdominal segments (S5–9) serrated, lateral spines on S6–9 small and divergent; male epiproct with a pair of dorsal tubercles at basal 0.66; tips of cerci and paraprocts strongly divergent. The larva of E. tumefactus is characterized by 3rd antennomere 2.3 times longer than its widest part, ligula with 6–7 truncate teeth, apical lobe of labial palp acute and finely serrate. Lateral margins of S6–9 serrate, lateral spines on S7–9; male epiproct with a pair of dorsal tubercles at basal 0.50. Differences with other species were found in 3rd antennomere, lateral spines of S7–9, and the caudal appendages. Epigomphus larvae inhabit small, shallow creeks (1st order streams) where they live in fine benthic sediments. When mature, the larva leaves the water in shady places, climbing small rocks at the water’s edge and metamorphosing horizontally on flat rocks. These new descriptions bring the total number of Epigomphus species with known larval stages to eight; only 28% of the species in this genus are known as larva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonso Ramírez
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Puerto Rico , San Juan , Puerto Rico
| | - Débora Delgado
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud , Panamá City , Panamá
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Wang JF, Chen MY, Chaw SM, Morii Y, Yoshimura M, Sota T, Lin CP. Complete mitochondrial genome of an enigmatic dragonfly, Epiophlebia superstes (Odonata, Epiophlebiidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 26:718-9. [PMID: 24397757 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.845756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study reported the 15,435 bp-long complete mitochondrial genome of the relict Epiophlebia superstes (Odonata, Epiophlebiidae), an enigmatic dragonfly of the paraphyletic 'Anisozygoptera' possessing characteristics similar to members of both extant odonate suborders, the Zygoptera and the Anisoptera. This mitogenome comprises the common set of 37 genes and an A + T-rich control region, and has a gene arrangement identical to those of all available odonates. The genome contains three non-coding inter-genic spacers (s1-s3), which occurs in all of other known odonates, but it lacks the inter-genic spacer s5 typically found in the Anisoptera. This result suggests that E. superstes possesses a mitogenmic organization more closely related to that of the Zygoptera than that of the Anizoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Fan Wang
- a Department of Life Science & Center for Tropical Ecology and Biodiversity , Tunghai University , Taichung , Taiwan .,b Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Chen
- a Department of Life Science & Center for Tropical Ecology and Biodiversity , Tunghai University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Miaw Chaw
- c Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yuta Morii
- d Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology , Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University , Aobayama , Sendai , Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshimura
- e Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Fushimi , Kyoto , Japan , and
| | - Teiji Sota
- f Department of Zoology , Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Sakyo , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Chung-Ping Lin
- a Department of Life Science & Center for Tropical Ecology and Biodiversity , Tunghai University , Taichung , Taiwan .,b Department of Life Science , National Taiwan Normal University , Taipei , Taiwan
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