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Bass D, Tikhonenkov DV, Foster R, Dyal P, Janouškovec J, Keeling PJ, Gardner M, Neuhauser S, Hartikainen H, Mylnikov AP, Berney C. Rhizarian 'Novel Clade 10' Revealed as Abundant and Diverse Planktonic and Terrestrial Flagellates, including Aquavolon n. gen. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 65:828-842. [PMID: 29658156 PMCID: PMC6282753 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhizarian ‘Novel Clade 10’ (NC10) is frequently detected by 18S rRNA gene sequencing studies in freshwater planktonic samples. We describe a new genus and two species of eukaryovorous biflagellate protists, Aquavolon hoantrani n. gen. n. sp. and A. dientrani n. gen. n. sp., which represent the first morphologically characterized members of NC10, here named Aquavolonida ord. nov. The slightly metabolic cells possess naked heterodynamic flagella, whose kinetosomes lie at a right angle to each other and are connected by at least one fibril. Unlike their closest known relative Tremula longifila, they rotate around their longitudinal axis when swimming and only very rarely glide on surfaces. Screening of a wide range of environmental DNA extractions with lineage‐specific PCR primers reveals that Aquavolonida consists of a large radiation of protists, which are most diversified in freshwater planktonic habitats and as yet undetected in marine environments. Earlier‐branching lineages in Aquavolonida include less frequently detected organisms from soils and freshwater sediments. The 18S rRNA gene phylogeny suggests that Aquavolonida forms a common evolutionary lineage with tremulids and uncharacterized ‘Novel Clade 12’, which likely represents one of the deepest lineages in the Rhizaria, separate from Cercozoa (Filosa), Endomyxa, and Retaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bass
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.,Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Denis Victorovich Tikhonenkov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, 152742, Russia.,Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Rachel Foster
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Patricia Dyal
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jan Janouškovec
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Patrick J Keeling
- Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Michelle Gardner
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Sigrid Neuhauser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Hanna Hartikainen
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Alexandre P Mylnikov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, 152742, Russia
| | - Cédric Berney
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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