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Lu NT, Ebihara A, He H, Zhang L, Zhou XM, Knapp R, Kamau P, Lorence D, Gao XF, Zhang LB. A plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Arachniodes (Dryopteridaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 133:214-235. [PMID: 30550964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Arachniodes (Dryopteridaceae) is one of the most confusing and controversial fern genera in terms of its circumscription, nomenclature, and taxonomy. Estimates of species number range from 40 to 200. Previous molecular works included only 2-17 accessions representing 2-12 species of Arachniodes and allied genera, leaving most of the Asian species remain unsampled and the infragneric relationships unclear. In this study DNA sequences of seven plastid markers of 343 accessions representing ca. 68 species of Arachniodes (275 accessions), and 64 outgroup accessions from subfam. Dryopteridoideae and subfam. Polybotryoideae were used to infer a phylogeny with maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and maximum parsimony approaches. Our major results include: (1) Two species currently assigned in Arachniodes (A. macrostegia and A. ochropteroides are resolved outside of the core Arachniodes making the currently defined Arachniodes polyphyletic, confirming earlier findings; (2) Lithostegia, Leptorumohra, and Phanerophlebiopsis are indeed synonyms of Arachniodes; (3) Leptorumohra is confirmed to be monophyletic, but Phanerophlebiopsis is polyphyletic; (4) The New World species of Arachniodes are confirmed to be not monophyletic with A. denticulata being nested within the Old World species, suggesting that this species is dispersed from the Old World; (5) Arachniodes s.s is resolved into 12 major clades, some of which are further divisable into recognizable subclades and groups, with A. mutica from Japan being resolved as the sister to the rest of the genus; (6) A number of systematic implications of the phylogeny have been suggested; and (7) the genus is estimated to contain ca. 83 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Thi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Biology, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18th Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Atsushi Ebihara
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Hai He
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xin-Mao Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Ralf Knapp
- Correspondent of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France), Steigestrasse 78, 69412 Eberbach, Germany
| | - Peris Kamau
- Botany Department, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Lorence
- National Tropical Botanical Garden, 3530 Papalina Road, Kalaheo, HI 96741-9599, USA
| | - Xin-Fen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Li-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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