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Lehmann MM, Diao H, Ouyang S, Gessler A. Different responses of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in leaf and tree-ring organic matter to lethal soil drought. Tree Physiol 2024:tpae043. [PMID: 38618738 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition (δ18O, δ2H) of plant tissues are key tools for the reconstruction of hydrological and plant physiological processes and may therefore be used for disentangling reasons of tree mortality. However, how both elements respond to soil drought conditions before death have rarely been investigated. To test this, we performed a greenhouse study and determined predisposing fertilization and lethal soil drought effects on δ18O and δ2H values of organic matter (OM) in leaves and tree rings of living and dead saplings of five European tree species. For mechanistic insights, we additionally measured isotopic (i.e., δ18O and δ2H values of leaf and twig water), physiological (i.e., leaf water potential and gas-exchange) and metabolic traits (i.e., leaf and stem non-structural carbohydrate concentration, C:N ratios). Across all species, lethal soil drought generally caused a homogenous 2H-enrichment in leaf and tree-ring OM, but a low and heterogenous δ18O response in the same tissues. Unlike δ18O values, δ2H values of tree-ring OM were correlated with those of leaf and twig water and with plant physiological traits across treatments and species. The 2H-enrichment in plant OM also went along with a decrease in stem starch concentrations under soil drought compared to well-watered conditions. In contrast, the predisposing fertilization had generally no significant effect on any tested isotopic, physiological, and metabolic traits. We propose that the 2H-enrichment in the dead trees is related to (i) the plant water isotopic composition, (ii) metabolic processes shaping leaf non-structural carbohydrates, (iii) the use of carbon reserves for growth, and (iv) species-specific physiological adjustments. The homogenous stress imprint on δ2H but not on δ18O suggests that the former could be used as a proxy to reconstruct soil droughts and underlying processes of tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Haoyu Diao
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shengnan Ouyang
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Hussain S, Ulhassan Z, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Allakhverdiev SI, Yang X, Safdar ME, Yang W, Liu W. Photosynthesis research under climate change. Photosynth Res 2021; 150:5-19. [PMID: 34235625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global population and climate change uncertainties have compelled increased photosynthetic efficiency and yields to ensure food security over the coming decades. Potentially, genetic manipulation and minimization of carbon or energy losses can be ideal to boost photosynthetic efficiency or crop productivity. Despite significant efforts, limited success has been achieved. There is a need for thorough improvement in key photosynthetic limiting factors, such as stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, biochemical capacity combined with Rubisco, the Calvin-Benson cycle, thylakoid membrane electron transport, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon metabolism or fixation pathways. In addition, the mechanistic basis for the enhancement in photosynthetic adaptation to environmental variables such as light intensity, temperature and elevated CO2 requires further investigation. This review sheds light on strategies to improve plant photosynthesis by targeting these intrinsic photosynthetic limitations and external environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Xinghong Yang
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, 271018, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Lehmann MM, Ghiasi S, George GM, Cormier MA, Gessler A, Saurer M, Werner RA. Influence of starch deficiency on photosynthetic and post-photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionations. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:1829-1841. [PMID: 30785201 PMCID: PMC6436151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotope (13C) fractionations occurring during and after photosynthetic CO2 fixation shape the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant material and respired CO2. However, responses of 13C fractionations to diel variation in starch metabolism in the leaf are not fully understood. Here we measured δ13C of organic matter (δ13COM), concentrations and δ13C of potential respiratory substrates, δ13C of dark-respired CO2 (δ13CR), and gas exchange in leaves of starch-deficient plastidial phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutants and wild-type plants of four species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Nicotiana sylvestris, and Pisum sativum). The strongest δ13C response to the pgm-induced starch deficiency was observed in N. sylvestris, with more negative δ13COM, δ13CR, and δ13C values for assimilates (i.e. sugars and starch) and organic acids (i.e. malate and citrate) in pgm mutants than in wild-type plants during a diel cycle. The genotype differences in δ13C values could be largely explained by differences in leaf gas exchange. In contrast, the PGM-knockout effect on post-photosynthetic 13C fractionations via the plastidic fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase reaction or during respiration was small. Taken together, our results show that the δ13C variations in starch-deficient mutants are primarily explained by photosynthetic 13C fractionations and that the combination of knockout mutants and isotope analyses allows additional insights into plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shiva Ghiasi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gavin M George
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-André Cormier
- GFZ – German Research Centre for Geosciences, Geomorphology, Organic Surface Geochemistry Lab, Telegrafenberg, Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, Ocean Biogeochemistry Group, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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Qiao Y, Miao S, Han X, Yue S, Tang C. Improving soil nutrient availability increases carbon rhizodeposition under maize and soybean in Mollisols. Sci Total Environ 2017; 603-604:416-424. [PMID: 28636976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Rhizodeposited carbon (C) is an important source of soil organic C, and plays an important role in the C cycle in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. However, interactive effects of plant species and soil nutrient availability on C rhizodeposition remain unclear. This experiment examined the effect of soil nutrient availability on C rhizodeposition of C4 maize and C3 soybean with contrasting photosynthetic capacity. The soils (Mollisols) were collected from three treatments of no fertilizer (Control), inorganic fertilizer only (NPK), and NPK plus organic manure (NPKM) in a 24-year fertilization field trial. The plants were labelled with 13C at the vegetative and reproductive stages. The 13C abundance of shoots, roots and soil were quantified at 0, 7days after 13C labelling, and at maturity. Increasing soil nutrient availability enhanced the C rhizodeposition due to the greater C fixation in shoots and distribution to roots and soil. The higher amount of averaged below-ground C allocated to soil resulted in greater specific rhizodeposited C from soybean than maize. Additional organic amendment further enhanced them. As a result, higher soil nutrient availability increased total soil organic C under both maize and soybean systems though there was no significant difference between the two crop systems. All these suggested that higher soil nutrient availability favors C rhizodeposition. Mean 80, 260 and 300kgfixedCha-1 were estimated to transfer into soil in the Control, NPK and NPKM treatments, respectively, during one growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfa Qiao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment (IceMe), Nanjing University of Information Sciences & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shujie Miao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment (IceMe), Nanjing University of Information Sciences & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaozeng Han
- National Observation Station of Hailun Agro-ecology System, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Shuping Yue
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment (IceMe), Nanjing University of Information Sciences & Technology, No. 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
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Seebauer JR, Below FE. Use of In Vitro Kernel Culture to Study Maize Nitrogen and Carbohydrate Metabolism. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1676:3-13. [PMID: 28986901 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7315-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Grain yield in maize is the result of a genotype's response to environmental conditions and agronomic management. However, whether in a field, greenhouse, or growth chamber, plant-to-plant variation exists within the same genotype, necessitating large amounts of plants and growth area to determine a metabolic response to a change in growth conditions or fertilizer supply. Additionally, because of whole-plant interactions in the supply of nutrients to kernels, it is difficult to study assimilate or temperature effects on the growth of kernels. The in vitro growth of kernels is one way to circumvent this problem because it allows for kernel growth under defined conditions of nutrient supply, while minimizing environmental and maternal influences. The in vitro kernel culturing method can be used to identify source: sink relationships, assimilate transport, metabolism, plant growth regulators, and other physiological responses by altering the source supply to individual kernels within an ear, thereby reducing or controlling environmental effects, while maintaining kernel-cob and organ-wide interactions. A single control-pollinated immature maize ear can be divided and quickly subjected to various growth conditions using liquid media to more precisely generate physiological and metabolic changes in the earshoot than in planta.
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