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Okada T, Okada A, Aoki H, Onozato D, Kato T, Takase H, Ohshima S, Sugino T, Unno R, Taguchi K, Hamamoto S, Ando R, Shimada IS, Hashita T, Iwao T, Matsunaga T, Yasui T. Phagocytosis model of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals generated using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:51. [PMID: 38554162 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a role in nephrolithiasis, offering the possibility of developing macrophage-mediated preventive therapies. To establish a system for screening drugs that could prevent the formation of kidney stones, we aimed to develop a model using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived macrophages to study phagocytosis of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. Human iPSCs (201B7) were cultured. CD14+ monocytes were recovered using a stepwise process that involved the use of growth factors and cytokines. These cells were then allowed to differentiate into M1 and M2 macrophages. The macrophages were co-cultured with COM crystals and used in the phagocytosis experiments. Live cell imaging and polarized light observation via super-resolution microscopy were used to visualize phagocytosis. Localization of phagocytosed COM crystals was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Intracellular fluorescence intensity was measured using imaging cytometry to quantify phagocytosis. Human iPSCs successfully differentiated into M1 and M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages adhered to the culture plate and moved COM crystals from the periphery to cell center over time, whereas M2 macrophages did not adhere to the culture plate and actively phagocytosed the surrounding COM crystals. Fluorescence assessment over a 24-h period showed that M2 macrophages exhibited higher intracellular fluorescence intensity (5.65-times higher than that of M1 macrophages at 4.5 h) and maintained this advantage for 18 h. This study revealed that human iPSC-derived macrophages have the ability to phagocytose COM crystals, presenting a new approach for studying urinary stone formation and highlighting the potential of iPSC-derived macrophages as a tool to screen nephrolithiasis-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daichi Onozato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiki Kato
- Department of Urology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohshima
- Department of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Technology school of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan
| | - Teruaki Sugino
- Department of Urology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rei Unno
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazumi Taguchi
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shuzo Hamamoto
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ando
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Issei S Shimada
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
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Li Y, Ding T, Hu H, Zhao T, Zhu C, Ding J, Yuan J, Guo Z. LncRNA-ATB participates in the regulation of calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal injury by sponging the miR-200 family. Mol Med 2021; 27:143. [PMID: 34736391 PMCID: PMC8567594 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNA-ATB is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) activated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and it has important biological functions in tumours and nontumour diseases. Meanwhile, TGF-β is the most critical regulatory factor in the process of nephrotic fibrosis and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced renal injury. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function and mechanism of lncRNA-ATB in CaOx crystal-induced renal injury. Methods The expression level of lncRNA-ATB was detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, TGF-β1 and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) were detected by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining or western blot analysis, cell proliferation was measured with a CCK-8 kit, cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining, and cell injury was detected with the Cytotoxicity lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay kit and the expression level of KIM-1. Results The expression levels of lncRNA-ATB and TGF-β1 were significantly increased in HK-2 cells after coincubation with calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). COM stimulation caused significant injury in the HK-2 cells, induced cell apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced EMT changes. After COM stimulation, the expression levels of the epithelial cell markers E-cadherin and zonula occludens (ZO)-1 in HK-2 cells significantly decreased, whereas the levels of the mesenchymal cell markers N-cadherin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) significantly increased. Interference with lncRNA-ATB expression significantly relieved the COM-induced cell injury, cell apoptosis, proliferation inhibition, and EMT changes. The expression levels of the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family in the HK-2 cells after coincubation with COM were significantly decreased. MiR-200a mimics relieved the COM-induced cell injury, apoptosis, proliferation inhibition, and EMT changes, whereas miR-200a inhibitors abolished the lncRNA-ATB interference-induced relief of the COM-induced cell injury, apoptosis, proliferation inhibition, and EMT. Conclusion LncRNA-ATB promoted the COM-induced cell injury, cell apoptosis, proliferation inhibition, and EMT to participate in the process of CaOx crystal-induced renal injury by sponging miR-200s. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00403-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihang Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Sampogna G, Basic D, Geavlete P, Galán Llopis JA, Reis Santos J, Saltirov I, Sarica K, Stavridis S, Skolarikos A, Trinchieri A; en representación del grupo SEGUR. Endoscopic identification of urinary stone composition: A study of South Eastern Group for Urolithiasis Research (SEGUR 2). Actas Urol Esp 2021; 45:154-9. [PMID: 32854978 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To assess the surgeon's ability to evaluate the composition of the stone by observation of endoscopic images. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of 20 video clips of endoscopic treatments of urinary stones of which was also available the result of infrared spectroscopy was uploaded to a YouTube site accessible only to members of the South Eastern Group for Urolithiasis Research (SEGUR) who were asked to identify the composition of the stones. RESULTS A total of 32 clinicians from 9 different countries participated in the study. The average number of correct detections of participants was 7.81 ± 2.68 (range 1-12). Overall accuracy was 39% (250 out of 640 predictions). Calcium oxalate dihydrate stones have been correctly detected in 69.8%, calcium oxalate monohydrate in 41.8%, uric acid in 33.3%, calcium oxalate/uric acid in 34.3% and cystine in 78.1%. Precision rates for struvite (15.6%), calcium phosphate (0%) and mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate (9.3%) were quite low. CONCLUSIONS Observation of the stone during the endoscopic procedure was not reliable to identify the composition of most stones although it gave some information allowing to identify with a good sensitivity calcium oxalate dihydrate and cystine stones. Nevertheless, photo or video reporting of the intact stone and its internal structure could should be encouraged to implement results of still mandatory post-operative stone analysis. Endourologists should improve their ability of visual identification of the different types of stones.
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Huang X, Wu H, Lu D. Preparation of novel chemically bonded ceramics with steel slag and potassium hydrogen oxalate. J Hazard Mater 2021; 403:124042. [PMID: 33265055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel chemically bonded ceramic (novel-CBC) is prepared based on the acid-base reaction of alkali metals in steel slag (SS) and oxalate anion (C2O42-) in potassium hydrogen oxalate (PO). The effects of SS/PO ratio and water-solid (W/S) ratio on the setting and compressive strength of novel-CBC were studied in this paper. Reaction products and microstructure of novel-CBC were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC). An optimal formula is obtained at a SS/PO ratio of 3.0 and a W/S ratio of 0.20, which starts setting at 10 min and gives the strengths of 18.0, 25.0, 39.8 and 49.0 MPa at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively. The reactants from SS are mainly Ca-bearing phases, while only a small amount of RO phase is involved in reaction. The main reaction products of novel-CBC are calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4·H2O; whewellite) crystals and agglomerates consisting of K, Mg, Al, Si and O elements. The unreacted Ca-bearing phase particle and RO phase residue are embedded in a mixture of abundant CaC2O4·H2O crystals with smooth surfaces and a size of 0.5-1.0 µm with large amounts of the nanoscale agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihuai Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Duyou Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
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Grases F, Costa-Bauza A, Garcia-Raja A, Rodrigo D. Rare non-papillary lithiasis of calcium oxalate monohydrate generated on a central core of potassium urate. Urol Case Rep 2020; 34:101483. [PMID: 33204645 PMCID: PMC7653282 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a patient who developed a spheroidal calculus with a central part composed of potassium urate, surrounded by a continuous layer of calcium oxalate monohydrate with crystals of calcium oxalate dihydrate on the surface. The mechanism of calculus development is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IDISBA), University of Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS- IDISBA), University of Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Raja
- Clinical Analysis Service, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Dolores Rodrigo
- Pediatric Service, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Chandrajith R, Weerasingha A, Premaratne KM, Gamage D, Abeygunasekera AM, Joachimski MM, Senaratne A. Mineralogical, compositional and isotope characterization of human kidney stones (urolithiasis) in a Sri Lankan population. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1881-1894. [PMID: 30671690 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the processes of stone formation, compositional, spectroscopic, mineralogical and crystallographic characteristics of human urinary stones collected from patients in Sri Lanka were investigated in detail. The data showed that the majority of urinary calculi were calcium oxalate, either whewellite or weddellite. Other solid phases of stones were composed of struvite, uricite and hydroxylapatite. However, mixed compositions were common except for whewellite stones which occur frequently in pure form. Scanning electron microscope observations and associated energy-dispersive X-ray analyses revealed that whewellite or weddellite was well crystalized compared to other stones types, while phosphate stones were mostly cryptocrystalline. The average δ13C and δ18O of stones were - 32.2‰ (- 37.3 to - 17.4‰) and - 24.2‰ (- 26.7‰ to - 8.9‰), respectively. The δ13C values were highly depleted compared to North American and European urinary stones. This may be due to food habits of Asians who consume rice as the staple food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana Chandrajith
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | - Anushka Weerasingha
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kusala M Premaratne
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Dhanushke Gamage
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Michael M Joachimski
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Atula Senaratne
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Wang Z, Zhang JW, Zhang Y, Zhang SP, Hu QY, Liang H. Analyses of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiling using RNA sequencing in calcium oxalate monohydrate-stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells. Urolithiasis 2019; 47:225-34. [PMID: 29947995 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To study the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in the calcium oxalate monohydrate-attached HK-2 cells, and investigate the association between critical lncRNA expression level and renal injury. The HK-2 cells were treated with crystal suspension of calcium oxalate. The effects of calcium oxalate crystals on the growth of HK-2 cells were determined by MTT assay. Total RNA was extracted and the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were analyzed by high-throughput transcriptase sequencing platform HiSeq 2500. The profile of identified lncRNAs and mRNAs were verified by real-time PCR and their potential function was analyzed by Gene Ontology database and KEGG signal pathway analysis. Calcium oxalate crystals adhered to the surface of HK-2 cells in few minutes and showed obvious cytotoxicity. RNA seq results showed that there were 25 differentially expressed lncRNAs in HK-2 cells treated with calcium oxalate crystals, of which 9 were up-regulated and 16 were down-regulated. The difference was verified by real-time PCR which showed statistically significant (P < 0.05). Calcium oxalate crystals have a significant effect on lncRNA and mRNA expression in human renal epithelial cells, which may play critical roles in kidney stone-mediated renal injury.
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Nishizawa Y, Higuchi C, Nakaoka T, Omori H, Ogawa T, Sakura H, Nitta K. Compositional Analysis of Coronary Artery Calcification in Dialysis Patients in vivo by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Angiography. Ther Apher Dial 2018; 22:365-370. [PMID: 29600583 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While vascular calcification is an important factor regulating prognosis in dialysis patients, its components have not been adequately studied. We analyzed in vivo components of calcification in the coronary arteries of dialysis patients using the effective atomic number from dual-energy computed tomography. In dialysis patients (hemodialysis, N = 10; peritoneal dialysis, N = 12), average of median effective atomic number was 13.8 in the hemodialysis group, and 13.7 in the peritoneal dialysis group. No significant differences were seen between groups, with calcium oxalate monohydrate identified as the most common component in each. To confirm the accuracy of this method, we investigated the composition of surgically removed calcified tissues using already established methods. Comparison with the effective atomic number from dual-energy computed tomography showed that the results of calcification analysis were the same. We concluded that calcium oxalate monohydrate might be one of the major components of coronary artery calcification in dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nishizawa
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa, Japan
| | - Chieko Higuchi
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakaoka
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa, Japan
| | - Hisako Omori
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ogawa
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakura
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
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Cheraft-Bahloul N, Husson C, Ourtioualous M, Sinaeve S, Atmani D, Stévigny C, Nortier JL, Antoine MH. Protective Effects of Pistacia lentiscus L. fruit extract against calcium oxalate monohydrate induced proximal tubular injury. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 209:248-254. [PMID: 28716570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The world prevalence of kidney stones is increasing and plants are frequently used to treat urolithiasis. Pistacia lentiscus L, a plant which freely grows around the Mediterranean basin areas, is widely used for various pathologies. P. lentiscus has an important impact as it has economical value on top of its pharmacological interest. Decoctions of its aerial parts and/or resin are used to treat kidney stones. AIM OF THE STUDY To in vitro assess the potential nephroprotective effect of Pistacia lentiscus ethanolic fruit extract (PLEF) on proximal tubular cells in response to the adhesion of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Kidney [HK]-2 cells were incubated with and without COM in the presence or absence of PLEF. Cell viability was measured by the resazurin assay. The expression of E-cadherin was analyzed by PCR. The extracellular production of H2O2 was measured by Amplex® Red H2O2 Assay. The numbers of detached or non-adherent COM crystals in the presence of PLEF were microscopically captured and counted using ImageJ software. The interaction of PLEF with COM and the effect of PLEF on crystal size were analyzed by flow cytometry. The spectrophotometric measurement of turbidity was performed for assessing the COM concentration. RESULTS PLEF incubated with COM was able to increase the cell viability. The decrease of E-cadherin expression after incubation with COM was counteracted by PLEF. Overproduction of H2O2 induced by COM was also inhibited by PLEF. Observations using flow cytometry showed that interactions between PLEF and the COM crystals occurred. PLEF was also effective in reducing the particles size and in lowering COM concentration. CONCLUSION Our data show that COM tubulotoxicity can be significantly reversed by PLEF -at least in part- via an inhibition of COM crystals adhesion onto the apical membrane. This early beneficial effect of PLEF needs to be further investigated as a useful strategy in nephrolithiasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassima Cheraft-Bahloul
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Cécile Husson
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Meriam Ourtioualous
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Sinaeve
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Department of Biopharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Bromatology and Human Nutrition, Department of Biopharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joëlle L Nortier
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Hélène Antoine
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The likelihood of a Randall's plug composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) forming by the free particle mechanism in a model of kidney with a structure recently described by Robertson was examined at the most favourable conditions for the considered mechanism. METHODS The Robertson model of the kidney is used in the following development. The classical theory of crystallization was used for calculations. RESULTS Initial COM nuclei were assumed to form at the beginning of the ascending loop of Henle where the supersaturation with respect to COM has been shown to reach the threshold level for spontaneous nucleation. Nucleation proceeds by a heterogeneous mechanism. The formed particles are transported in the nephron by a laminar flow of liquid with a parabolic velocity profile. Particles travel with a velocity dependent on their position in the cross-section of the nephron assumed to be straight tubule with smooth walls and without any sharp bends and kinks. These particles move faster with time as they grow as a result of being surrounded by the supersaturated liquid. Individual COM particles (crystals) can reach maximum diameter of 5.2 × 10-6 m, i.e. 5.2 μm, at the opening of the CD and would thus always be washed out of the CD into the calyx regardless of the orientation of the CD. Agglomeration of COM crystals forms a fractal object with an apparent density lower than the density of solid COM. The agglomerate that can block the beginning of the CD is composed of more crystals than are available even during crystaluria. Moreover the settling velocity of agglomerate blocking the opening of the CD is lower than the liquid flow and thus such agglomerate would be washed out even from upward-draining CD. CONCLUSIONS The free particle mechanism may be responsible for the formation of a Randall's plug composed by COM only in specific infrequent cases such as an abnormal structure of kidney. Majority of incidences of Randall's plug development by COM are caused by mechanism different from the free particle mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research(IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - O Söhnel
- University of J.E. Purkyně, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Ústí n.L, Czech Republic
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Koda R, Watanabe H, Iino N. Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in ethylene glycol poisoning. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 21:741-742. [PMID: 27590893 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Koda
- Department of Nephrology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 4132 Urasa, Minami Uonuma-shi, Niigata, 949-7302, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 4132 Urasa, Minami Uonuma-shi, Niigata, 949-7302, Japan
| | - Noriaki Iino
- Department of Nephrology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 4132 Urasa, Minami Uonuma-shi, Niigata, 949-7302, Japan
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