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Seward EP, Wykes RC. Membrane Capacitance Measurements of Stimulus-Evoked Exocytosis in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2565:187-202. [PMID: 36205895 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2671-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Research using membrane capacitance (Cm) measurements in adrenal chromaffin cells has transformed our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling regulated exocytosis. This is in part due to the exquisite temporal resolution of the technique, and the possibility of combining quantification of exo-/endocytosis at the whole-cell level, with the ability to simultaneously monitor and control the calcium signals triggering vesicle fusion. In this regard, experiments performed with Cm measurements complement amperometry experiments that give a measure of secreted transmitter and the behavior of the fusion pore, and fluorescent microscopy studies used to monitor vesicle and protein dynamics in imaged regions of the cell. In this chapter, we provide a detailed account of the methodology used to perform whole-cell patch clamp measurements of Cm in combination with voltage-clamp recordings of voltage-gated calcium channels to quantify stimulus-secretion coupling in chromaffin cells. Stimulus protocols developed for investigation of functionally distinct releasable vesicle pools are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert C Wykes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Nunna BB, Mandal D, Lee JU, Singh H, Zhuang S, Misra D, Bhuyian MNU, Lee ES. Detection of cancer antigens (CA-125) using gold nano particles on interdigitated electrode-based microfluidic biosensor. Nano Converg 2019; 6:3. [PMID: 30652204 PMCID: PMC6335232 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrating microfluidics with biosensors is of great research interest with the increasing trend of lab-on-the chip and point-of-care devices. Though there have been numerous studies performed relating microfluidics to the biosensing mechanisms, the study of the sensitivity variation due to microfluidic flow is very much limited. In this paper, the sensitivity of interdigitated electrodes was evaluated at the static drop condition and the microfluidic flow condition. In addition, this study demonstrates the use of gold nanoparticles to enhance the sensor signal response and provides experimental results of the capacitance difference during cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) antigen-antibody conjugation at multiple concentrations of CA-125 antigens. The experimental results also provide evidence of disease-specific detection of CA-125 antigen at multiple concentrations with the increase in capacitive signal response proportional to the concentration of the CA-125 antigens. The capacitive signal response of antigen-antibody conjugation on interdigitate electrodes has been enhanced by approximately 2.8 times (from 260.80 to 736.33 pF at 20 kHz frequency) in static drop condition and approximately 2.5 times (from 205.85 to 518.48 pF at 20 kHz frequency) in microfluidic flow condition with gold nanoparticle-coating. The capacitive signal response is observed to decrease at microfluidic flow condition at both plain interdigitated electrodes (from 260.80 to 205.85 pF at 20 kHz frequency) and gold nano particle coated interdigitated electrodes (from 736.33 to 518.48 pF at 20 kHz frequency), due to the strong shear effect compared to static drop condition. However, the microfluidic channel in the biosensor has the potential to increase the signal to noise ratio due to plasma separation from the whole blood and lead to the increase concentration of the biomarkers in the blood volume for sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Babu Nunna
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 200 Central Avenue, Rm MEC 327, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Debdyuti Mandal
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 200 Central Avenue, Rm MEC 327, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Joo Un Lee
- Provost Summer Research Intern at New Jersey Institute of Technology & Tenafly High School, Tenafly, NJ, USA
| | - Harsimranjit Singh
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 200 Central Avenue, Rm MEC 327, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Shiqiang Zhuang
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 200 Central Avenue, Rm MEC 327, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Durgamadhab Misra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Md Nasir Uddin Bhuyian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Eon Soo Lee
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 200 Central Avenue, Rm MEC 327, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA.
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Dimitrov D, Guillaud L, Eguchi K, Takahashi T. Culture of Mouse Giant Central Nervous System Synapses and Application for Imaging and Electrophysiological Analyses. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1727:201-15. [PMID: 29222783 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7571-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Primary neuronal cell culture preparations are widely used to investigate synaptic functions. This chapter describes a detailed protocol for the preparation of a neuronal cell culture in which giant calyx-type synaptic terminals are formed. This chapter also presents detailed protocols for utilizing the main technical advantages provided by such a preparation, namely, labeling and imaging of synaptic organelles and electrophysiological recordings directly from presynaptic terminals.
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de Voogd JM, van Spronsen MA, Kalff FE, Bryant B, Ostojić O, den Haan AMJ, Groot IMN, Oosterkamp TH, Otte AF, Rost MJ. Fast and reliable pre-approach for scanning probe microscopes based on tip-sample capacitance. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 181:61-69. [PMID: 28525802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Within the last three decades Scanning Probe Microscopy has been developed to a powerful tool for measuring surfaces and their properties on an atomic scale such that users can be found nowadays not only in academia but also in industry. This development is still pushed further by researchers, who continuously exploit new possibilities of this technique, as well as companies that focus mainly on the usability. However, although imaging has become significantly easier, the time required for a safe approach (without unwanted tip-sample contact) can be very time consuming, especially if the microscope is not equipped or suited for the observation of the tip-sample distance with an additional optical microscope. Here we show that the measurement of the absolute tip-sample capacitance provides an ideal solution for a fast and reliable pre-approach. The absolute tip-sample capacitance shows a generic behavior as a function of the distance, even though we measured it on several completely different setups. Insight into this behavior is gained via an analytical and computational analysis, from which two additional advantages arise: the capacitance measurement can be applied for observing, analyzing, and fine-tuning of the approach motor, as well as for the determination of the (effective) tip radius. The latter provides important information about the sharpness of the measured tip and can be used not only to characterize new (freshly etched) tips but also for the determination of the degradation after a tip-sample contact/crash.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M de Voogd
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M A van Spronsen
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F E Kalff
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - B Bryant
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands; High Field Magnet Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - O Ostojić
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M J den Haan
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I M N Groot
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T H Oosterkamp
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A F Otte
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M J Rost
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sleiman M, Stevens DR, Rettig J. Simultaneous Membrane Capacitance Measurements and TIRF Microscopy to Study Granule Trafficking at Immune Synapses. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1584:157-69. [PMID: 28255702 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6881-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell capacitance measurements allow the direct measurement of exocytosis with high temporal resolution. An added benefit of the whole-cell configuration is the possibility to control the cytosolic free calcium concentration allowing examination of the role of intracellular calcium in a variety of processes. We have coupled this method with imaging of cytotoxic granule release using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to identify the capacitance steps associated with cytotoxic granule release identified by TIRFM. This requires the use of fluorescent granule markers to identify cytotoxic granules and allows characterization of cytotoxic granule fusion and of the behavior of cytotoxic granules at the immune synapse prior to fusion. Combination of these methods enables the study of a number of processes relevant to the function of the immune synapse.
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Guček A, Jorgačevski J, Singh P, Geisler C, Lisjak M, Vardjan N, Kreft M, Egner A, Zorec R. Dominant negative SNARE peptides stabilize the fusion pore in a narrow, release-unproductive state. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3719-31. [PMID: 27056575 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Key support for vesicle-based release of gliotransmitters comes from studies of transgenic mice with astrocyte-specific expression of a dominant-negative domain of synaptobrevin 2 protein (dnSNARE). To determine how this peptide affects exocytosis, we used super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy and structured illumination microscopy to study the anatomy of single vesicles in astrocytes. Smaller vesicles contained amino acid and peptidergic transmitters and larger vesicles contained ATP. Discrete increases in membrane capacitance, indicating single-vesicle fusion, revealed that astrocyte stimulation increases the frequency of predominantly transient fusion events in smaller vesicles, whereas larger vesicles transitioned to full fusion. To determine whether this reflects a lower density of SNARE proteins in larger vesicles, we treated astrocytes with botulinum neurotoxins D and E, which reduced exocytotic events of both vesicle types. dnSNARE peptide stabilized the fusion-pore diameter to narrow, release-unproductive diameters in both vesicle types, regardless of vesicle diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Guček
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jorgačevski
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claudia Geisler
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Laser-Laboratory Göttingen e.V., 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marjeta Lisjak
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Kreft
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alexander Egner
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Laser-Laboratory Göttingen e.V., 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica BIOMEDICAL, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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