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Manjunatha Reddy GB, Sumana K, Yogisharadhya R, Mohan HV, Lavanya VK, Chethankumar BH, Shivasharanappa N, Saminathan M, Basavaraj S, Dhama K, Bhadravati Sathish S. Structural and sequence analysis of the RPO30 gene of sheeppox and goatpox viruses from India. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 38523527 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2331524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sheeppox and goatpox are transboundary viral diseases of sheep and goats that cause significant economic losses to small and marginal farmers worldwide, including India. Members of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV), namely Sheeppox virus (SPPV), Goatpox virus (GTPV), and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), are antigenically similar, and species differentiation can only be accomplished using molecular approaches. The present study aimed to understand the molecular epidemiology and host specificity of SPPV and GTPV circulating in India through sequencing and structural analysis of the RNA polymerase subunit-30 kDa (RPO30) gene. A total of 29 field isolates from sheep (n = 19) and goats (n = 10) belonging to different geographical regions of India during the period: Year 2015 to 2023, were analyzed based on the sequence and structure of the full-length RPO30 gene/protein. Phylogenetically, all the CaPV isolates were separated into three major clusters: SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV. Multiple sequence alignment revealed a highly conserved RPO30 gene, with a stretch of 21 nucleotide deletion in all SPPV isolates. Additionally, the RPO30 gene of the Indian SPPV and GTPV isolates possessed several species-specific conserved signature residues/motifs that could act as genotyping markers. Secondary structure analysis of the RPO30 protein showed four α-helices, two loops, and three turns, similar to that of the E4L protein of vaccinia virus (VACV). All the isolates in the present study exhibited host preferences across different states of India. Therefore, in order to protect vulnerable small ruminants from poxviral infections, it is recommended to take into consideration a homologous vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishnappa Sumana
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hosakote Venkatappa Mohan
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries Sciences University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Nayakwadi Shivasharanappa
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sajjanar Basavaraj
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mathijs E, Vandenbussche F. Targeted Whole Genome Sequencing of the Capripoxvirus Genome from Clinical Tissue Samples and Lyophilized Vaccine Batches. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2732:165-177. [PMID: 38060125 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3515-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by Capripoxviruses (CaPVs) are of great economic importance in sheep, goats, and cattle. Since CaPV strains are serologically indistinguishable and genetically highly homologous, typing of closely related strains can only be achieved by whole-genome sequencing. In this chapter, we describe a robust, cost-effective, and widely applicable protocol for reconstructing (nearly) complete CaPV genomes directly from clinical samples or commercial vaccine batches in less than a week. Taking advantage of the genetic similarity of CaPVs, a set of pan-CaPVs long-range PCRs was developed that covers the entire genome with only a limited number of tiled amplicons. The resulting amplicons can be sequenced on all currently available high-throughput sequencing platforms. As an example, we have included a detailed protocol for performing nanopore sequencing and a pipeline for assembling the resulting tiled amplicon data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mathijs
- EURL for Diseases Caused by Capripoxviruses, Scientific Directorate Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Frank Vandenbussche
- EURL for Diseases Caused by Capripoxviruses, Scientific Directorate Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Van Borm S, Dellicour S, Martin DP, Lemey P, Agianniotaki EI, Chondrokouki ED, Vidanovic D, Vaskovic N, Petroviċ T, Laziċ S, Koleci X, Vodica A, Djadjovski I, Krstevski K, Vandenbussche F, Haegeman A, De Clercq K, Mathijs E. Complete genome reconstruction of the global and European regional dispersal history of the lumpy skin disease virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0139423. [PMID: 37905838 PMCID: PMC10688313 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01394-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has a complex epidemiology involving multiple strains, recombination, and vaccination. Its DNA genome provides limited genetic variation to trace outbreaks in space and time. Sequencing of LSDV whole genomes has also been patchy at global and regional scales. Here, we provide the first fine-grained whole genome sequence sampling of a constrained LSDV outbreak (southeastern Europe, 2015-2017), which we analyze along with global publicly available genomes. We formally evaluate the past occurrence of recombination events as well as the temporal signal that is required for calibrating molecular clock models and subsequently conduct a time-calibrated spatially explicit phylogeographic reconstruction. Our study further illustrates the importance of accounting for recombination events before reconstructing global and regional dynamics of DNA viruses. More LSDV whole genomes from endemic areas are needed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of global LSDV dispersal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Van Borm
- Scientific Directorate Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darren P. Martin
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eirini I. Agianniotaki
- National Reference Laboratory for Capripoxviruses, Department of Molecular Diagnostics, FMD, Virological, Rickettsial and Exotic Diseases, Directorate of Athens Veterinary Center, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni D. Chondrokouki
- National Reference Laboratory for Capripoxviruses, Department of Molecular Diagnostics, FMD, Virological, Rickettsial and Exotic Diseases, Directorate of Athens Veterinary Center, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Dejan Vidanovic
- Department for laboratory diagnostics, Veterinary Specialized Institute, Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vaskovic
- Department for laboratory diagnostics, Veterinary Specialized Institute, Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Tamaš Petroviċ
- Department for Virology, Scientific Veterinary Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sava Laziċ
- Department for Virology, Scientific Veterinary Institute, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Xhelil Koleci
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Ani Vodica
- Animal Health Department, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Tirana, Albania
| | - Igor Djadjovski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Kiril Krstevski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Frank Vandenbussche
- Scientific Directorate Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Scientific Directorate Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Scientific Directorate Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Mathijs
- Scientific Directorate Animal Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Schlosser-Perrin L, Holzmuller P, Fernandez B, Miotello G, Dahmani N, Neyret A, Bertagnoli S, Armengaud J, Caufour P. Constitutive proteins of lumpy skin disease virion assessed by next-generation proteomics. J Virol 2023; 97:e0072323. [PMID: 37737587 PMCID: PMC10617387 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00723-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is the causative agent of an economically important cattle disease which is notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health. Over the past decades, the disease has spread at an alarming rate throughout the African continent, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, the Russian Federation, and many Asian countries. While multiple LDSV whole genomes have made further genetic comparative analyses possible, knowledge on the protein composition of the LSDV particle remains lacking. This study provides for the first time a comprehensive proteomic analysis of an infectious LSDV particle, prompting new efforts toward further proteomic LSDV strain characterization. Furthermore, this first incursion within the capripoxvirus proteome represents one of very few proteomic studies beyond the sole Orthopoxvirus genus, for which most of the proteomics studies have been performed. Providing new information about other chordopoxviruses may contribute to shedding new light on protein composition within the Poxviridae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Schlosser-Perrin
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Fernandez
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Guylaine Miotello
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Noureddine Dahmani
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
| | - Aymeric Neyret
- CEMIPAI, University of Montpellier, UAR3725 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean Armengaud
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Philippe Caufour
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier (I-MUSE), Montpellier, France
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Liu L, Wang J, Nie F, Li R, Gao Y, Sun X, Yuan W, Wang J. Development of the isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of the genus Capripoxvirus. J Virol Methods 2023; 320:114788. [PMID: 37517457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) belong to the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV), and are important pathogens of sheep, goat and cattle, respectively. Rapid and reliable detection of CaPV is critical to prevent its spread and promote its eradication. This study aimed to develop the recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays combined with real-time fluorescence (real-time RPA) and naked-eye visible lateral flow strip (LFS RPA) for rapid detection of CaPV. Both developed RPA assays worked well at 39 °C within 20 min. They were highly specific for the detection of GTPV, SPPV and LSDV, while no cross-reactivity was observed for other non-targeted pathogens and genomic DNA of goat, sheep and cattle. The limit of detection for real-time RPA and LFS RPA were 1.0 × 102 and 1.0 × 101 copies per reaction, respectively. In the artificially contaminated samples with GTPV, the detection results of RPA assays were consistent with those of real-time PCR. For 15 clinical samples, LSDV was detected by real-time RPA, LFS RPA and real-time PCR in 13, 15 and 15 samples, respectively. The developed RPA assays were specific, sensitive, and user-friendly for the rapid detection of CaPV, and could be a better alternative method applied in low-resources settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Liu
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Fuping Nie
- Technology Center of Chongqing Customs, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yixiang Gao
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianchang Wang
- Technology Center of Shijiazhuang Customs, Shijiazhuang 050051, China.
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Mustafa G, Mahrosh HS, Salman M, Ali M, Arif R, Ahmed S, Ebaid H. In Silico Analysis of Honey Bee Peptides as Potential Inhibitors of Capripoxvirus DNA-Directed RNA Polymerase. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2281. [PMID: 37508058 PMCID: PMC10376589 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Capripoxvirus belongs to the Poxviridae family. The sheeppox, goatpox, and lumpy skin disease viruses are three species of this genus with 96% identity in their genomes. These are financially devastating viral infections among cattle, which cause a reduction in animal products and lead to a loss in livestock industries. In the current study, the phylogenetic analysis was carried out to reveal the evolutionary relationships of Capripoxvirus species (i.e., sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV)) with other viruses from the Poxviridae family with >96% query coverage to find the similarity index among all members. The three viruses (i.e., SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV) joined the clade of Capripoxvirus of the Poxviridae family in the phylogenetic tree and exhibited close evolutionary relationships. The multiple sequence alignment using ClustalOmega revealed significant variations in the protein sequences of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV. The three-dimensional structures of five selected bee peptides and DNA-directed RNA polymerase of SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV were predicted using trRosetta and I-TASSER and used for molecular docking and simulation studies. The protein-protein docking was carried out using HADDOCK server to explore the antiviral activity of peptides as honey bee proteins against SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV. In total, five peptides were docked to DNA-directed RNA polymerase of these viruses. The peptides mellitin and secapin-1 displayed the lowest binding scores (-106.9 +/- 7.2 kcal/mol and -101.4 +/- 11.3 kcal/mol, respectively) and the best patterns with stable complexes. The molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the complex of protein DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the peptide melittin stayed firmly connected and the peptide binding to the receptor protein was stable. The findings of this study provide the evidence of bee peptides as potent antimicrobial agents against sheeppox, goatpox, and lumpy skin disease viruses with no complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38060, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Salaha Mahrosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Salman
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Rawaba Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Jhang, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Sibtain Ahmed
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hossam Ebaid
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Nan W, Gong M, Lu Y, Li J, Li L, Qu H, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu F, Wu X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Peng D. A novel triplex real-time PCR assay for the differentiation of lumpy skin disease virus, goatpox virus, and sheeppox virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1175391. [PMID: 37448583 PMCID: PMC10336199 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1175391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Three members of Capripoxvirus (CaPV) genus, including lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and sheeppox virus (SPPV), are mentioned as notifiable forms by World Organization for Animal Health. These viruses have negatively impacted ruminant farming industry worldwide, causing great economic losses. Although SPPV and GTPV cause more severe clinical disease in only one animal species, they can transfer between sheep and goats. Both homologous and heterologous immunization strategies are used to protect animals against CaPVs. However, development of accurate and rapid methods to distinguish these three viruses is helpful for the early detection, disease surveillance, and control of CaPV infection. Therefore, we developed a novel triplex real-time PCR (qPCR) for the differentiation of LSDV, GTPV, and SPPV. Methods Universal primers were designed to detect pan-CaPV sequences. Species-specific minor groove binder (MGB)-based probes were designed, which were labeled with FAM for LSDV, HEX for GTPV, and ROX for SPPV. The sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and ability of detecting mixed infections were evaluated for the triplex qPCR. Further, 226 clinical samples of the infection and negative controls were subjected to the triplex qPCR, and the results were verified using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing methods for PRO30 gene. Results The triplex qPCR could successfully distinguish LSDV, GTPV, and SPPV in one reaction, and the assay sensitivity was 5.41, 27.70, and 17.28 copies/μL, respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed with other viruses causing common ruminant diseases, including des petits ruminants virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, bluetongue virus, ovine contagious pustular dermatitis virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. Inter-and intra-assay variabilities were < 2.5%. The results indicated that the triplex qPCR was highly specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Simulation experiments revealed that this assay could successfully distinguish two or three viruses in case of mixed infections without any cross-reaction. For clinical samples, the results were completely consistent with the results of PCR-RFLP and sequencing. This demonstrated that the assay was reliable for clinical application. Discussion The triplex qPCR is a robust, rapid, and simple tool for identifying various types of CaPV as it can successfully distinguish LSDV, GTPV, and SPPV in one reaction. Furthermore, the assay can facilitate more accurate disease diagnosis and surveillance for better control of CaPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Nan
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingxia Gong
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - You Lu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinming Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Hailong Qu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunju Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Faxing Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Putty K, Rao PL, Ganji VK, Dutta D, Mondal S, Hegde NR, Srivastava A, Subbiah M. First complete genome sequence of lumpy skin disease virus directly from a clinical sample in South India. Virus Genes 2023; 59:317-322. [PMID: 36689139 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD), a notifiable disease listed by the World Organization for Animal Health and a fast fast-moving transboundary viral disease infecting cattle and buffaloes, was reported in India in 2019 and has since rapidly spread across the country. This study reports the first complete genome sequence and analysis of a pathogenic LSD virus (LSDV) from India (LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020) obtained by direct sequencing of a suspected clinical sample using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies. The complete genome sequence of LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020 is 150445 bp long, codes for 156 putative genes and carries identical 2254 bp inverted terminal repeats at either ends. The unique features reported in the LSDV isolates from the recent outbreaks in Asia, namely, the insertions of 12 nucleotides in the viral G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) and 27 nucleotides leading to duplication of 9 aminoacids in the extracellular enveloped virus-specific (EEV) genes were also conserved in LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequence of LSDV/208/PVNRTVU/2020 revealed its close relation with Kenyan strains and clustered away from vaccine strains. Further analysis showed evidence of strong purifying selection without any recombination events. The data presented in this study could be useful for designing effective strategies such as developing rapid diagnostics and vaccines to control LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Putty
- Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Pachineella Lakshmana Rao
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Vishweshwar Kumar Ganji
- Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Devasmita Dutta
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Subhajit Mondal
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Nagendra R Hegde
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Anand Srivastava
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India
| | - Madhuri Subbiah
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India.
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Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by LSD virus (LSDV). This virus has been classified in the genus Capripoxvirus, family Poxviridae which generally affects large ruminants, especially cattle and domestic water buffalo. The first outbreak of LSD was found in 1929 in Zambia, then spreading throughout Africa and with an ongoing expanding distribution to Asia and Europe. In 2020, LSD was found from Southeast Asia in Vietnam and Myanmar before reaching Thailand and Laos in 2021. Therefore, LSD is a newly emerging disease that occurs in Southeast Asia and needs more research about pathology, transmission, diagnosis, distribution, prevention, and control. The results from this review show the nature of LSD, distribution, and epidemic maps which are helpful for further information on the control and prevention of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Ratyotha
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Suksanti Prakobwong
- Department of Biology, The Parasitology, Geoinformatics, Environment and Health Science Research Group, Faculty of Science, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Piratae
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand,One Health Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand,Corresponding author: Supawadee Piratae, e-mail: Co-authors: KR: , SukP:
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Krotova A, Shalina K, Mazloum A, Kwon D, Van Schalkwyk A, Byadovskaya O, Sprygin A. Genetic characterization of sheep pox virus strains from outbreaks in Central Russia in 2018-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3430-e3435. [PMID: 36217254 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the phylogenomic relatedness between sheep pox viruses (SPPVs) circulating in Central Russia in 2018-2019 with the NISKHI vaccine strain used in the country, based on their complete genome sequences. The sheep pox outbreaks occurred 1 year apart in the adjacent regions of Tula and Moscow. Full genome sequences were generated by sequencing DNA directly obtained from Trizol-extracted scabs, using the DNBSEQ-400 platform (MGI Tech, China). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SPPV isolates from Russia clusters with previously published sequences from Srinagar in the Kashmir province of India in 2000 (SPPV-Srinagar strain) as well as SPPV A strain from Kazakhstan in 2000. The aforementioned cluster belonged to a sister clade containing the NISKHI vaccine strain, thus indicating that the recent outbreaks were not genetically linked to the widely used vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Mazloum
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kwon
- Core Sequencing Center, Kurchatov Center for Genome Research NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Antoinette Van Schalkwyk
- Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa.,Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Krotova A, Byadovskaya O, Shumilova I, van Schalkwyk A, Sprygin A. An in-depth bioinformatic analysis of the novel recombinant lumpy skin disease virus strains: from unique patterns to established lineage. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:396. [PMID: 35610557 PMCID: PMC9131581 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the first description of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in Africa in the 1920’s, it has brazenly spread beyond Africa into the Middle East, Europe and most recently Asia. In 2017 the first atypical LSDV recombinant strain was reported in Russia, composed of both a live-attenuated Neethling vaccine strain and Kenyan vaccine strain. An increase in LSDV research enabled a public release of numerous full genome sequences of unique recombinant LSDV strains from Kazakhstan, Russia, China and Vietnam. Prior to the recombinant strain first described in China in 2019, every new recombinant strain was genetically unique and each of these recombinants clustered in a monophyletic lineage. In this work, we provide the complete genome sequences of two novel recombinant strains of LSDV from Russia and attempt to gain more insight into genomic composition of all the recombinant strains currently available. This analysis will provide new insight into the global molecular epidemiology of LSDV. Results By sequencing and analyzing two novel recombinant strains Khabarovsk/2020 and Tomsk/2020, this study investigates the differences and similarities of all five the available recombinant LSDV lineages from different countries based on the SNPs inherited from the aforementioned parental strains. A total of seven recombinant strains: LSDV/Russia/Saratov/2017, LSDV/Russia/Udmurtya/2019, LSDV/KZ-Kostanay/Kazakhstan/2018, LSDV/Russia/Tyumen/2019, LSDV/GD01/China/2020 Khabarovsk/2020 and Tomsk/2020 were examined. It was observed that strains isolated prior to 2020 were composed of unique combinations of open reading frames, whilst from 2020 onwards all circulating strains in Russia and South-Eastern Asia belonged to a single lineage radiating out in the region. The first representative of this lineage is LSDV/GD01/China/2020. Interestingly, the other four unique recombinant strains as well as the newly established lineage, exhibit consistent patterns of targeted selection pointing to regions constantly selected for during the recombination-driven processes. Conclusion This study highlights the inexplicable emergence of novel recombinant strains to be unique introductions of sibling viruses, with the most recent recombinant lineage establishing as the dominant strain across the south eastern Asian countries as evidenced by full genome sequence data. Overall, these findings indicate that LSDVs are subjected to accelerated evolutionary changes due to recombination in the face of homologous live attenuated vaccines as well as the slow genetic drift commonly observed in capripoxviruses curculatign in the field with hardly any genetic changes over decades. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08639-w.
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Chen X, Nie F, Xiong Y, Lin L, Shi M, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang G, Li Y, Huo D, Hou C. Ultra-sensitive and point-of-care detection of Capripoxvirus (CaPV) based on loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) and trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cpf1. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339330. [PMID: 35033236 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Capripoxvirus (CaPV) is one of the common skin diseases infecting cattle and sheep which can cause serious economic losses. Establishing ultra-sensitive, rapid, and point-of-care detection of CaPV is particularly important for hindering its spread. Here, we use the principle that CRISPR/Cpf1 can specifically recognize the target DNA and activate its trans-cleavage activity to identify the CaPV product amplified by loop-mediated amplification (LAMP). Under the designed specific primers, a set of LAMP which can amplify CaPV specifically was established and optimized firstly. Then, the CRISPR/Cpf1 was introduced to identify LAMP products. LAMP can be completed at a constant temperature, thus avoiding the use of temperature-variable instruments, making it possible to detect viruses outside the laboratory. To further satisfy the point-of-care detection of CaPV, we introduced a portable fluorometer and CRISPR-based lateral flow test. Due to the introduction of CRISPR/Cpf1, the sensitivity of the method is greatly increased, which is of great significance for the early detection of viruses. Through CRISPR/Cpf1-mediated fluorescence detection, we can detect CaPV as low as 1.47 × 10-3 TCID50 in 50 min, 1000 times more sensitive than quantitative real-time PCR. Through CRISPR-based lateral flow test, we can visually detect CaPV as low as 1.47 × 10-2 TCID50. Besides, this strategy can be used for the primary samples obtained from the cell culture of CaPV after simple ultrasonic disruption, which eliminates the complicated nucleic acid extraction steps required by traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Fuping Nie
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Libo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Meimei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Guomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yingguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cattle Diseases Detection (Chongqing), Diagnosis and Testing Laboratory of Lumpy Skin Disease, Chongqing Customs Technology Center, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
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Mathijs E, Haegeman A, De Clercq K, Van Borm S, Vandenbussche F. A robust, cost-effective and widely applicable whole-genome sequencing protocol for capripoxviruses. J Virol Methods 2022; 301:114464. [PMID: 35032481 PMCID: PMC8872832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Robust method for the genomic characterization of all Capripoxviruses. Pre-sequencing enrichment method based on targeted long-range PCR amplification. Method applicable to low titre samples such as blood samples and vaccine batches. Viral DNA enrichment compatible with various sample types and sequencing platforms. Complete coding genome sequencing evaluated on three different sequencing platforms.
The diseases caused by capripoxviruses (CaPVs) are of major economic concern in sheep, goat and cattle as they are inexorably spreading into non-endemic regions. As CaPV strains are serologically indistinguishable and genetically highly homologous, typing closely related strains can only be achieved by whole genome sequencing. Unfortunately the number of publicly available genomes remains low as most sequencing methods rely on virus isolation. Therefore, we developed a robust, cost-effective and widely applicable method that allows to generate (nearly) complete CaPV genomes directly from clinical samples or commercial vaccine batches. A set of pan-CaPVs long-range PCRs spanning the entire genome was designed to generate PCR amplicons that can be sequenced on commonly used high-throughput sequencing platforms: MiSeq (Illumina), RSII (PacBio) and MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). The robustness of the LR-PCR strategy was evaluated for all 3 members of CaPV directly from a variety of samples, including clinical samples (N = 7), vaccine batches (N = 6), and virus isolates (N = 2). The sequencing method described here allows to reconstruct (nearly) complete CaPV genomes in less than a week and will aid researchers studying closely-related CaPV strains worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mathijs
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Vandenbussche
- Infectious Diseases in Animals, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Toker EB, Ates O, Yeşilbağ K. Inhibition of bovine and ovine capripoxviruses (Lumpy skin disease virus and Sheeppox virus) by ivermectin occurs at different stages of propagation in vitro. Virus Res 2022; 310:198671. [PMID: 34986368 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Capripoxvirus diseases are listed as reportable diseases by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV), which can only be distinguished by molecular analysis, cause moderately, severe, or sometimes fatal infections in cattle and sheep. Even though vaccines are the most effective way to control the infection, their effectiveness may decrease in some cases. Therefore, it is significant to explore antiviral drugs against these diseases along with the vaccine. This study aimed to investigate the antiviral efficiency of ivermectin (IVM) at different stages of in vitro replication of LSDV and SPPV. For this purpose, viral titers (TCID50/mL) of the viruses not treated with IVM (0.0 μM) and treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of IVM (1.0 and 2.5 μM) were compared during a nine-day (216 h) post-infection period by viral titration assay. At 2.5 μM concentrations of IVM, the mean viral titer was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by approximately three logs for the replication stage of LSDV and SPPV. To evaluate the antiviral activity of IVM against LSDV and SPPV by treatment at the virus attachment and penetration stages, the titers of the virus either untreated or treated with 2,5 μM IVM were compared by virus titration assay. The number of infectious virions for LSDV and SPPV were decreased by 99.82% and 99.87% at the viral replication stage, 68.38% and 25.01% at the attachment stage, and 57.83% and 0.0% at the penetration stage, respectively. It was determined that ivermectin is statistically more effective on LSDV than SPPV at the virus attachment and penetration stages (P<0.05). This study found that the drug IVM can inhibit capripoxviruses, including LSDV and SPPV at various stages of the propagation. Moreover, this research predicted the in vitro antiviral ability of IVM against capripoxvirus infections for the first time.
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Boshra H, Teffera M, Cao J, Babiuk S. Cloning Strategies for the Generation of Recombinant Capripoxvirus Through the Use of Screening and Selection Markers. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2465:195-207. [PMID: 35118623 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2168-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate capripoxvirus through gene knockouts and gene insertions has become an increasingly valuable research tool in elucidating the function of individual genes of capripoxvirus, as well as in the development of capripoxvirus-based recombinant vaccines. The homologous recombination technique is commonly used to generate capripoxvirus knockout viruses (KO), and is based on the targeting of a particular viral gene of interest. This technique can also be used to insert a gene of interest. A protocol for the generation of a viral gene knockout is described. This technique involves the use of a plasmid which encodes the flanking sequences of the regions where the homologous recombination will occur, and will result in the insertion of an EGFP reporter gene for visualization of recombinant virus, as well as the E. coli gpt gene as a positive selection marker. If an additional gene is to be incorporated, this can be achieved by inserting a gene of interest for expression under a poxvirus promoter into the plasmid between the flanking regions for insertion. This chapter describes a protocol for generating such recombinant capripoxviruses. An alternative step for the removal of both the EGFP and gpt cassettes and an optional selection step using CRISPR technology are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Boshra
- Department of Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Mahder Teffera
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jinxing Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shawn Babiuk
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Azeem S, Sharma B, Shabir S, Akbar H, Venter E. Lumpy skin disease is expanding its geographic range: A challenge for Asian livestock management and food security. Vet J 2021; 279:105785. [PMID: 34915159 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, lumpy skin disease virus has extended its geographical range outside of endemic sub-Saharan countries to the Middle East and Asia indicating transboundary spread. Recently, lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks have been reported in Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Vietnam, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos and for the first time and represent a cause of serious concern for their livestock and dairy industries. This report summarizes information on the recent outbreaks of LSD in southern Asia and emphasizes the threat it poses to neighbouring countries. Various strategies and actions needed to control outbreaks of this emerging disease in Asia are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahan Azeem
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Banshi Sharma
- Food and Agriculture Organization Country Office for Nepal, United Nations Building, Pulchowk, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shafqat Shabir
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Akbar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Estelle Venter
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Discipline Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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He C, Tong J, Zhang X, Tuohetiniyazi M, Zhang Y, Li Y. Comparative analysis of ankyrin (ANK) genes of five capripoxviruses isolate strains from Xinjiang province in China. Virol J 2020; 17:133. [PMID: 32859219 PMCID: PMC7453672 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sheeppox and goatpox are both economically important animal diseases in which pathogens are goatpox virus (GTPV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV). They can’t cause cross-species infection between sheep and goats in general. But in recent decades, the infection of sheep by goatpox or goats by sheeppox has been reported. The literature has indicated that the occurrence of these cases has a significant and direct relationship with mutations of ankyrin genes families (ANK genes 010,138,140,141.2,145) located in two-terminal regions of capripoxvirus genomes. So it is very important to decipher these nucleotides and their coding amino acid sequences of the five genes regarded as host range and virulence factors for effective prevention and control of capripoxvirus diseases. Methods In this study, all the ankyrin genes of three goatpox virus, two sheeppox virus, and one GTPV vaccine strains from Nanjiang areas of Xinjiang province of China during 2010–2011 were collected, amplified, cloned and sequenced. The sequence of every ankyrin genes has been compared with not only sequences from six viruses but also all sequences from three species of capripoxvirus genus from Gene bank, and every ANK gene’s mutated nucleotides and amino acids have been screened, and the relationship of genetic evolution among different virus strains has been analyzed, as well as the domain architecture of these genes was forecasted and analyzed. Results The six capripoxvirus strains can be well-distinguished GTPV and SPPV based on five ANK genes’ sequence identicalness except for GTPV-SS strain, which showed higher identicalness with SPPV. The ANK gene sequence of the GTPV-SS strain was 100% identical with SPPV-M1 (ANK138,140,145) and SPPV-M2 (ANK138,145), respectively. Phylogenetically, these six capripoxvirus strains were also grouped into the same cluster of India reference strains in lineages and showed extreme identical conservative or variable regions with India capripoxvirus isolates by sequence alignment. Moreover, for the functional domains, these ANK genes of capripoxvirus except for ANK gene 145, are identical in size, and ANK genes 145 of SPPV are usually 100 bp (approximately 30 aa) longer than those of GTPV and eventually form a PRANC domain at C-terminus. Conclusions The isolated strain of GTPV-SS may be a cross-species infection or the collected material was contaminated, and the inferred Capripox outbreak in Xinjiang in 2010 can be introduced from India. ANK genes 138,140,141.2 and 145 of capripoxvirus can be used as the target genes to identify GTPV and SPPV. Moreover, the four ANK genes determining the host range are more significant than the ANK gene 010. These ANK genes play combining roles for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan He
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Life Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Milikaimu Tuohetiniyazi
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Youwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Livestock science Technology, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China. .,College of Animal Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China. .,College of Life Science in Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
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Fay PC, Cook CG, Wijesiriwardana N, Tore G, Comtet L, Carpentier A, Shih B, Freimanis G, Haga IR, Beard PM. Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells are a suitable cell line for the propagation and study of the bovine poxvirus lumpy skin disease virus. J Virol Methods 2020; 285:113943. [PMID: 32707050 PMCID: PMC7561597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
LSDV replicates to high titers (approximately 1 × 107 PFU/mL) in MDBK cells. LSDV forms foci-like poxviral plaques in MDBK cells. A plaque-reduction neutralisation test was developed for LSDV antibody quantitation. A method for purification of LSDV genomic DNA was optimized.
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a poxvirus that causes systemic disease in cattle, resulting in substantial economic loss to affected communities. LSDV is a rapidly emerging pathogen of growing global concern that recently spread from Africa and the Middle East into Europe and Asia, impacting the cattle population in these regions. An increase in research efforts into LSDV is required to address key knowledge gaps, however this is hampered by lack of suitable cell lines on which to propagate and study the virus. In this work we describe the replication and spread of LSDV on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, and the formation of foci-type poxvirus plaques by LSDV on MDBK cells. Methods utilising MDBK cells to quantify neutralising antibodies to LSDV, and to purify LSDV genomic DNA suitable for short read sequencing are described. These research methods broaden the tools available for LSDV researchers and will facilitate the gathering of evidence to underpin the development of LSD control and prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Fay
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | | | - Gessica Tore
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Loic Comtet
- IDvet, 310 Rue Louis Pasteur, 34790, Grabels, France
| | | | - Barbara Shih
- The Roslin Institute / Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Ismar R Haga
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Philippa M Beard
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Rd, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK; The Roslin Institute / Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Rouby SR, Bazid AH, Wasfy M, El-Sayed M. Capripoxviruses: Exploring the genetic relatedness between field and vaccine strains from Egypt. Vet World 2019; 12:1924-1930. [PMID: 32095042 PMCID: PMC6989310 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1924-1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Lumpy skin disease (LSD) and sheep pox are economically important Capripoxvirus-induced diseases of cattle and sheep, respectively. Despite the extensive vaccination program adopted by Egyptian veterinary authorities, LSD and sheep pox are still prevalent and spread throughout the whole country. The current study was designed for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of LSD virus (LSDV) and Sheep pox virus (SPPV) recovered from field cases in Egypt along with vaccinal strains to assess their genetic relatedness. Materials and Methods Skin biopsies were collected from naturally infected cases of LSD in Ismailia (n=3 farms) and Beni-Suef (n=2 farms) Governorates and sheep pox in Beni-Suef (n=1 flock). Virus isolation was carried out on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell cultures. DNA was extracted from infected materials (skin lesions, infected cell cultures) as well as LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and Romanian SPPV vaccine strain. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using oligonucleotide primers targeting the entire open reading frame of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) gene and gene sequences were analyzed. Results Virus isolation on primary ovine fetal kidney and heart cell culture revealed a cytopathic effect at the third passage characterized by rounding of infected cells and margination of nuclear chromatin. Comparative sequence analysis of GPCR gene revealed that Egyptian LSDV isolated from Ismailia and Beni-Suef shared 99:100% nucleotide and amino acid (AA) identities with each other. In comparison to the vaccinal strains, Egyptian LSDV isolates shared 98:99 nucleotide and AA identities with LSDV Neethling vaccine strain and 93:94% with SPPV Romanian vaccine strain. No differences at the nucleotide or AAs were observed between the SPPV vaccine and virulent strains (100% identity). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that LSDV Neethling vaccine strain is more related to field Egyptian LSDV and clustered within the LSDV group while Romanian SPPV vaccine strain clustered in a separate clade with SPPV field isolates. Conclusion Comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the GPCR gene reveal a minimal genetic variation between LSDV field isolates from different locations and a close relationship between virulent field strains and homologous vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Reda Rouby
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Bazid
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Momtaz Wasfy
- Department of Research and Development, Middle East for Veterinary vaccine Company (ME-VAC), Second Industrial Area, El-Salhya El-Gedida, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Magdy El-Sayed
- Department of Research and Development, Middle East for Veterinary vaccine Company (ME-VAC), Second Industrial Area, El-Salhya El-Gedida, Sharqia, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Governorate 12613, Egypt
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20
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Chaple AR, Venkatesan G, Kumar A, Sarkar S, Muthuchelvan D, Chandrasekar S, Biswas SK, Chand K, Ramakrishnan MA. Genetic studies of terminal regions of vaccine and field isolates of capripoxviruses. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 76:104071. [PMID: 31627006 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sheeppox and goatpox are two of the most important diseases associated with significant economic loss and impact on animal trade. In spite of the use of vaccines, outbreaks are being reported on several occasions. Therefore, deciphering the host specificity and virulence of sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV) is important in developing effective vaccines. It is opined that genes located in the terminal regions play a major role in determining host range and/or virulence. In the present study, nine isolates (6 GTPV and 3 SPPV; included both vaccine and virulent viruses) were genetically characterized by targeting 11 genes (7 host-range and 4 virulence genes) which are located in the terminal regions of capripoxviruses. In the genetic analyses, it was observed that there are several nucleotide and amino acid signatures which are specific for either SPPV or GTPV. However, surprisingly, none of the 11 genes could be able to differentiate the vaccine and field viruses of GTPV and SPPV. Our study indicates that the genes of the terminal regions may have a role in determining the host-specificity but the involvemet in determinatin of virulence/attenuation is not certain at least for the isolates used in the current study. Therefore, it is likely that some other genes located in terminal/central regions may also play a role in determination of virulence and pathogenesis which needs to be confirmed by whole-genome sequencing of several vaccine and virulent viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Rameshrao Chaple
- Ph.D Scholar, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - Gnanavel Venkatesan
- Senior Scientist, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Scientist, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - Soumajit Sarkar
- Ph.D Scholar, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan
- Principal Scientist, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - S Chandrasekar
- Scientist, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - Sanchay K Biswas
- Senior Scientist, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
| | - Karam Chand
- Scientist, Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand 263 138, India
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Mishra B, Mondal P, Patel CL, Zafir I, Gangwar R, Singh N, Sonowal J, Bisht D, Sahu AR, Baig M, Sajjanar B, Singh RK, Gandham RK. VARV B22R homologue as phylogenetic marker gene for Capripoxvirus classification and divergence time dating. Virus Genes 2018; 55:51-59. [PMID: 30446925 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox disease is associated with significant losses in sheep production world over. The sheep pox virus, the goatpox virus, and the lumpy skin disease virus cannot be distinguished by conventional serological tests. Identification of these pathogens needs molecular methods. In this study, seven genes viz. EEV maturation protein-F12L, Virion protein-D3R, RNA polymerase subunit-A5R, Virion core protein-A10L, EEV glycoprotein-A33R, VARV B22R homologue, and Kelch like protein-A55R that cover the start, middle, and end of the genome were selected. These genes were amplified from Roumanian-Fanar vaccine strain and Jaipur virulent strain, cloned, and sequenced. On analysis with the available database sequences, VARV B22R homologue was identified as a marker for phylogenetic reconstruction for classifying the sheeppox viruses of the ungulates. Further, divergence time dating with VARV B22R gene accurately predicted the sheeppox disease outbreak involving Jaipur virulent strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Piyali Mondal
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - C L Patel
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Insha Zafir
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Rachna Gangwar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Joyshikh Sonowal
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Deepanker Bisht
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Amit Ranjan Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mumtaz Baig
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Molecular and Conservation Genetics (LMCG), Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati, Maharastra, 444604, India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - R K Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.,National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Opp. Journalist Colony, Near Gowlidoddi Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 032, India
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Hamidouche M, Belmessabih N, Boubguira A, Benfenatki A, Saada N, Sail A, Bacha F. Capripoxvirus antibodies detection: Relationship between the two methods alpha and beta of virus neutralisation test. Open Vet J 2018; 8:340-346. [PMID: 30483459 PMCID: PMC6172408 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus neutralisation test (VNT) of capripoxvirus (CaPVs) was studied to assess the post-vaccination (vaccine effectiveness) or post-infection antibodies level using two methods: alpha-VNT and beta-VNT which are generally carried out to measure the Neutralising Index (N.I.) and the serum Antibody titre (TAb) respectively. The authors have demonstrated that a positive correlation exists between N.I. and TAb values, this study aimed to add more evidence to this correlation by establishing a graph and its mathematical equations. We found that: N.I. = (1.489 Log TAb) + 1.331; this serves as a base to calculate N.I. using TAb values measured by beta-VNT without going through alpha-VNT and vice versa. At the end of this study, we evaluated the equation accuracy by two parameters; the deviation (d) and the error percentage, which were d = 0.2 and error (%) = 8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamidouche
- Laboratory of production and development of viral veterinary vaccines, Institut Pasteur of Algeria. Annex of Kouba, 01 rue de caire, kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nassira Belmessabih
- Laboratory of production and development of viral veterinary vaccines, Institut Pasteur of Algeria. Annex of Kouba, 01 rue de caire, kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Boubguira
- Laboratory of production and development of viral veterinary vaccines, Institut Pasteur of Algeria. Annex of Kouba, 01 rue de caire, kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amina Benfenatki
- Laboratory of production and development of viral veterinary vaccines, Institut Pasteur of Algeria. Annex of Kouba, 01 rue de caire, kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Naim Saada
- Laboratory of production and development of viral veterinary vaccines, Institut Pasteur of Algeria. Annex of Kouba, 01 rue de caire, kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amina Sail
- Laboratory of production and development of viral veterinary vaccines, Institut Pasteur of Algeria. Annex of Kouba, 01 rue de caire, kouba, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Bacha
- Laboratory of production and development of viral veterinary vaccines, Institut Pasteur of Algeria. Annex of Kouba, 01 rue de caire, kouba, Algiers, Algeria
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Pestova Y, Byadovskaya O, Kononov A, Sprygin A. A real time high-resolution melting PCR assay for detection and differentiation among sheep pox virus, goat pox virus, field and vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus. Mol Cell Probes 2018; 41:57-60. [PMID: 30102972 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the development of a real time high-resolution melting (HRM) PCR assay for detection and differentiation among sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV), field isolates and vaccine strains of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) based on high-resolution melting curve analysis of their target PCR amplicons. A 111 bp region of LSDV010 ORF, which harbors unique genetic differences for each of these viral species, was selected as the PCR target in this study. During the validation of this assay using DNA from clinical isolates originated from naturally infected animals from the different geographic locations and reference strains, the obtained PCR amplicons demonstrated that the melting temperature picks were specific for each tested viral species, i.e., 74.56 ± 0.04 °C for field LSDV, 74.95 ± 0.08 °C for vaccine LSDV, 74.24 ± 0.06 °C for SPPV and 73.61 ± 0.04 °C for GTPV. The assessment of the assay sensitivity utilizing a LSDV field strain as a PCR template revealed the assay detection limit as low as 0.1 TCD50 lg/ml. Overall, this assay based on Rotor-Gene Q (QIAGEN) platform was shown to be reproducible across replicates and operators and can be recommended as an additional diagnostic tool to the currently available molecular assays for detection and differentiation of the genus Capripoxvirus species, including the differentiation of vaccine strains of LSDV from field isolates. The assay can be used for detection of these viruses in animal- and insect-derived field specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Pestova
- Federal Center for Animal Health "FGBI ARRIAH", Vladimir, 600901, Russia
| | - Olga Byadovskaya
- Federal Center for Animal Health "FGBI ARRIAH", Vladimir, 600901, Russia
| | - Alexander Kononov
- Federal Center for Animal Health "FGBI ARRIAH", Vladimir, 600901, Russia
| | - Alexander Sprygin
- Federal Center for Animal Health "FGBI ARRIAH", Vladimir, 600901, Russia.
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Molla W, Frankena K, Gari G, de Jong MCM. Field study on the use of vaccination to control the occurrence of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopian cattle. Prev Vet Med 2017; 147:34-41. [PMID: 29254724 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study was carried out in central and North-western parts of Ethiopia to assess the efficacy of Kenyan sheep pox virus strain vaccine (KS1 O-180) against natural lumpy skin disease (LSD) infection under field conditions by estimating its effect on the transmission and severity of the disease. For this study, an LSD outbreak was defined as the occurrence of at least one LSD case in a specified geographical area. An observational study was conducted on a total of 2053 (1304 vaccinated and 749 unvaccinated) cattle in 339 infected herds located in 10 sub-kebeles and a questionnaire survey was administered to 224 herd owners. Over 60% of the herd owners reported that the vaccine has a low to very low effect in protecting animals against clinical LSD; almost all of them indicated that the vaccine did not induce any adverse reactions. In the unvaccinated group of animals 31.1% were diagnosed with LSD while this was 22.5% in the vaccinated group (P<0.001). Severity of the disease was significantly reduced in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated animals (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.49; 0.96). Unvaccinated infected animals were more likely (predicted fraction=0.89) to develop moderate and severe disease than vaccinated infected animals (predicted fraction=0.84). LSD vaccine efficacy for susceptibility was estimated to be 0.46 (i.e. a susceptibility effect of 0.54) while the infectiousness effect of the vaccine was 1.83. In other words, the vaccine reduces the susceptibility by a factor of two and increases infectiousness by approximately the same amount. LSD transmission occurred in both vaccinated and unvaccinated animals, the estimated reproduction ratio (R) was 1.21 in unvaccinated animals compared to 1.19 in vaccinated ones, and not significantly different. In conclusion, KS1 O-180 vaccination, as applied currently in Ethiopia, has poor efficacy in protecting cattle populations against LSD, neither by direct clinical protection nor by reducing transmission, and this signifies the urgent need to either improve the quality of the vaccine or to develop potent alternative vaccines that will confer good protection against LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassie Molla
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Klaas Frankena
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Getachew Gari
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Mart C M de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Mahmoud MA, Khafagi MH. Detection, identification, and differentiation of sheep pox virus and goat pox virus from clinical cases in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Vet World 2016; 9:1445-1449. [PMID: 28096619 PMCID: PMC5234061 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1445-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To isolate, identify, and differentiate Capripoxviruses (CaPV) (sheep pox virus and goat pox virus) infections by egg inoculation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RPO30) in clinically affected animals in Hawamdia township of Giza Governorate, Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 37 scab samples were collected from clinically suspected field cases of sheep pox and goat pox. These samples were collected during (2014-2015) during different outbreaks of sheep pox and goat pox from Hawamdia township of Giza Governorate, Egypt. The samples were subjected to egg inoculation, TEM, and (RPO30) gene-based PCR. By using the egg inoculation: Previously prepared 37 scab samples (n=23 sheep and n=14 goats) were inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane of specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (12 days old age). In the presence of the suitable percentage of humidity and candling, the inoculated eggs were incubated at 37°C. By using the TEM: Samples showed positive pock lesions on the chorioallantoic membranes, were fixed in glutaraldehyde, then processed and sectioned for TEM. Using the (RPO30) gene-based PCR assay, 30 of positive samples after egg inoculation (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) were screened. RESULTS Using the egg inoculation, a characteristic pock lesions for poxviruses were seen in 30/37 (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) (81.08%). Using the TEM, examination of the positive samples after egg inoculation revealed positive result in 23/30 (n=15 sheep and n=8 goats) (76.66%). The positive results represented by the presence of negatively stained oval-shape virus particles. Using the (RPO30) gene-based PCR assay, out of 30 total of positive samples after egg inoculation (n=19 sheep and n=11 goats) were screened, 27 (90%) samples (n=17 sheep and n=10 goats) were positive. The given band sizes of sheep and goats were 172 and 152 bp, respectively. CONCLUSION PCR assay depended on RPO30 gene can be used lonely for the detection, identification, and differentiation of CaPVs. RPO30 gene-based PCR assay in combination with gene sequencing helps in molecular epidemiological studies of CaPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - M H Khafagi
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Karim A, Bhattacharjee U, Puro K, Shakuntala I, Sanjukta R, Das S, Ghatak S, Sen A. Detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus and goatpox virus from an outbreak in goats with high mortality in Meghalaya state, India. Vet World 2016; 9:1025-1027. [PMID: 27733807 PMCID: PMC5057024 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1025-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We describe a laboratory investigation carried out to confirm the etiology of the heavy mortality (37 animals died out of total 44, i.e. 84%) in goats in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, Northeast region of India in December 2015. The clinical signs observed were abortion, diarrhea, high fever (up to 104°F), pox lesion in the skin, and respiratory distress. Materials and Methods: The samples comprising whole blood, sera, and pox lesion were collected from the animals (n=7) from an outbreak for the screening of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) and poxviruses. The whole blood and sera were used for screening of PPR virus (PPRV) by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antibody by competitive ELISA as well as detection of PPRV partial N gene by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The skin lesions were used for the detection of poxvirus by PCR. Results: The results showed the presence of PPR antigens (58-80%) in the samples by sandwich ELISA and antibody in all the sera samples ranging from 9% to 41% positivity in competitive ELISA. Four samples were positive for PPRV partial N gene. The skin lesion screened for poxvirus was also found to be positive for I3L gene of goatpox virus. Conclusion: We confirm the outbreak of disease in goats with high mortality is a case of mixed infection of PPR and goatpox detected for the first time in Northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karim
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
| | - U Bhattacharjee
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
| | - K Puro
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
| | - I Shakuntala
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
| | - R Sanjukta
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
| | - S Das
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
| | - S Ghatak
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
| | - A Sen
- Division of Animal Health, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam - 793 013, Meghalaya, India
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Aldaiarov N, Stahel A, Nufer L, Jumakanova Z, Tulobaev A, Ruetten M. Outbreak of sheeppox in farmed sheep in Kyrgystan: Histological, eletron microscopical and molecular characterization. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2016; 158:529-32. [PMID: 27504887 DOI: 10.17236/sat00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On a farm in the Kyrgyz Republic, several dead sheep were found without any history of illness. The sheep showed several ulcerations on lips and bare-skinned areas. At necropsy the lungs showed multiple firm nodules, which were defined as pox nodules histologically. In the rumen hyperkeratotic plaques were visible. With electron microscopy pox viral particles were detected and confirmed with q PCR as Capripoxviruses. Although all members of the Capripoxvirus genus are eradicated in western countries, this study should remind us of the classical lesions observed in poxvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aldaiarov
- Biology Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgystan
| | - A Stahel
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Nufer
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Z Jumakanova
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgystan
| | - A Tulobaev
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgystan
| | - M Ruetten
- PathoVet AG, Tagelswangen, Switzerland
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Abstract
The ability to manipulate capripoxvirus through gene knockouts and gene insertions has become an increasingly valuable research tool in elucidating the function of individual genes of capripoxvirus, as well as in the development of capripoxvirus-based recombinant vaccines. The homologous recombination technique is used to generate capripoxvirus knockout viruses (KO), and is based on the targeting a particular viral gene of interest. This technique can also be used to insert a gene of interest. A protocol for the generation of a viral gene knockout is described. This technique involves the use of a plasmid which encodes the flanking sequences of the regions where the homologous recombination will occur, and will result in the insertion of an EGFP reporter gene for visualization of recombinant virus, as well as the E. coli gpt gene as a positive selection marker. If an additional gene is to be incorporated, this can be achieved by inserting a gene of interest for expression under a poxvirus promoter into the plasmid between the flanking regions for insertion. This chapter describes a protocol for generating such recombinant capripoxviruses.
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Batra K, Kumar A, Kumar V, Nanda T, Maan NS, Maan S. Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Capripoxvirus. Vet World 2015; 8:1286-92. [PMID: 27047031 PMCID: PMC4774739 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1286-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was undertaken to develop a nucleic acid-based diagnostic assay loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) targeting highly conserved genomic regions of Capripoxvirus (CaPVs) and its comparative evaluation with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Material and Methods: Lyophilized vaccine strain of sheeppox virus (SPPV) was used for optimization of LAMP assay. The LAMP assay was designed using envelope immunogenic protein (P32) coding gene targeting highly conserved genomic regions of CaPV responsible for causing sheep pox, goat pox, and lumpy skin disease in sheep, goat and cattle respectively. Serial tenfold dilution of SPPV recombinant plasmid DNA was used for a calculating limit of detection. Analytical sensitivity and specificity were performed. Results: The test described is quick (30 min), sensitive and specific for detection of CaPVs. The described assay did not show any cross-reactivity to other related viruses that cause apparently similar clinical signs. It was found to be ten times more sensitive than conventional PCR however, 100 times less sensitive than quantitative PCR (qPCR). LAMP assay results were monitored by color change method using picogreen dye and agarose gel electrophoresis. Conclusion: LAMP assay can be a very good alternative for CaPV detection to other molecular techniques requiring sophisticated equipments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanisht Batra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Trilok Nanda
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Narender S Maan
- Resource Faculty, Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
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Gelaye E, Belay A, Ayelet G, Jenberie S, Yami M, Loitsch A, Tuppurainen E, Grabherr R, Diallo A, Lamien CE. Capripox disease in Ethiopia: Genetic differences between field isolates and vaccine strain, and implications for vaccination failure. Antiviral Res 2015; 119:28-35. [PMID: 25907637 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) cause capripox disease in sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. These viruses are not strictly host-specific and their geographical distribution is complex. In Ethiopia, where sheep, goats and cattle are all affected, a live attenuated vaccine strain (KS1-O180) is used for immunization of both small ruminants and cattle. Although occurrences of the disease in vaccinated cattle are frequently reported, information on the circulating isolates and their relation to the vaccine strain in use are still missing. The present study addressed the parameters associated with vaccination failure in Ethiopia. Retrospective outbreak data were compiled and isolates collected from thirteen outbreaks in small ruminants and cattle at various geographical locations and years were analyzed and compared to the vaccine strain. Isolates of GTPV and LSDV genotypes were responsible for the capripox outbreaks in small ruminants and cattle, respectively, while SPPV was absent. Pathogenic isolates collected from vaccinated cattle were identical to those from the non-vaccinated ones. The vaccine strain, genetically distinct from the outbreak isolates, was not responsible for these outbreaks. This study shows capripox to be highly significant in Ethiopia due to low performance of the local vaccine and insufficient vaccination coverage. The development of new, more efficient vaccine strains, a GTPV strain for small ruminants and a LSDV for cattle, is needed to promote the acceptance by farmers, thus contribute to better control of CaPVs in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esayas Gelaye
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Belay
- Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Gelagay Ayelet
- Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Jenberie
- Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Martha Yami
- Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - Angelika Loitsch
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Robert Koch-Gasse 17, A-2340 Mödling, Austria
| | - Eeva Tuppurainen
- Capripoxvirus Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adama Diallo
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles Euloge Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria.
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Caufour P, Rufael T, Lamien CE, Lancelot R, Kidane M, Awel D, Sertse T, Kwiatek O, Libeau G, Sahle M, Diallo A, Albina E. Protective efficacy of a single immunization with capripoxvirus-vectored recombinant peste des petits ruminants vaccines in presence of pre-existing immunity. Vaccine 2014; 32:3772-9. [PMID: 24837763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox, goatpox and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) are highly contagious ruminant diseases widely distributed in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. Capripoxvirus (CPV)-vectored recombinant PPR vaccines (rCPV-PPR vaccines), which have been developed and shown to protect against both Capripox (CP) and PPR, would be critical tools in the control of these important diseases. In most parts of the world, these disease distributions overlap each other leaving concerns about the potential impact that pre-existing immunity against either disease may have on the protective efficacy of these bivalent rCPV-PPR vaccines. Currently, this question has not been indisputably addressed. Therefore, we undertook this study, under experimental conditions designed for the context of mass vaccination campaigns of small ruminants, using the two CPV recombinants (Kenya sheep-1 (KS-1) strain-based constructs) developed previously in our laboratory. Pre-existing immunity was first induced by immunization either with an attenuated CPV vaccine strain (KS-1) or the attenuated PPRV vaccine strain (Nigeria 75/1) and animals were thereafter inoculated once subcutaneously with a mixture of CPV recombinants expressing either the hemagglutinin (H) or the fusion (F) protein gene of PPRV (10(3) TCID50/animal of each). Finally, these animals were challenged with a virulent CPV strain followed by a virulent PPRV strain 3 weeks later. Our study demonstrated full protection against CP for vaccinated animals with prior exposure to PPRV and a partial protection against PPR for vaccinated animals with prior exposure to CPV. The latter animals exhibited a mild clinical form of PPR and did not show any post-challenge anamnestic neutralizing antibody response against PPRV. The implications of these results are discussed herein and suggestions made for future research regarding the development of CPV-vectored vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Caufour
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Tesfaye Rufael
- National Animal health Diagnosis and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Charles Euloge Lamien
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Menbere Kidane
- National Animal health Diagnosis and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Dino Awel
- National Animal health Diagnosis and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Sertse
- National Animal health Diagnosis and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Olivier Kwiatek
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Libeau
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Mesfin Sahle
- National Animal health Diagnosis and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Adama Diallo
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture & Biotechnology Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emmanuel Albina
- INRA, UMR1309 CMAEE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
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Zro K, Azelmat S, Bendouro Y, Kuhn JH, El Fahime E, Ennaji MM. PCR-based assay to detect sheeppox virus in ocular, nasal, and rectal swabs from infected Moroccan sheep. J Virol Methods 2014; 204:38-43. [PMID: 24698762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sheeppox is now enzootic in Morocco. The development of a reliable method for rapid diagnosis of the disease is a central part of any control strategy. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of a variety of clinical samples such as ovine nasal, ocular or rectal swabs for the detection of sheeppox virus (SPPV) by qualitative conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using a single pair of primers targeting the inverted terminal repeats of the SPPV InS-1 strain, a virulent field isolate. Swab and blood samples were collected from forty animals naturally infected with SPPV who had clinical signs of sheeppox. All animals tested PCR-positive for SPPV. Positive results were obtained infrequently with blood samples, whereas swab samples from at least two sites (nasal, ocular, rectal) were positive per evaluated animal. These results indicate that swab samples are suitable for quantitative molecular SPPV diagnosis. PCR product sequences obtained from all types of sheep samples proved to be identical to the corresponding regions of sheeppox virus strain Romania 65.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zro
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, Hassan II University Mohammedia-Casablanca, Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, BP 146 Mohammedia 20650, Morocco; Regional Laboratory of Analysis and Research of Oujda, National Office for the Safety of Food Products, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - S Azelmat
- Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Rabat 14 000, Morocco
| | - Y Bendouro
- Regional Laboratory of Analysis and Research of Oujda, National Office for the Safety of Food Products, 60 000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - J H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - E El Fahime
- Functional Genomics Platform Scientific Research Technical Support Unit - Biology - National Center of Scientific and Technical Research, Rabat 14 000, Morocco
| | - M M Ennaji
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology and Quality/Ecotoxicology and Biodiversity, Hassan II University Mohammedia-Casablanca, Faculty of Science and Technology Mohammedia, BP 146 Mohammedia 20650, Morocco.
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Haegeman A, Zro K, Vandenbussche F, Demeestere L, Van Campe W, Ennaji MM, De Clercq K. Development and validation of three Capripoxvirus real-time PCRs for parallel testing. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:446-51. [PMID: 23850698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Capripoxviruses have the potential to cause outbreaks with a severe socio-economic impact. The latter, combined with an altered virus dissemination pattern, warrants its status as an important emerging disease. Disease control or eradication programmes can only be applied successfully if the necessary diagnostic tools are available allowing clear and unequivocal identification of the pathogen. Real-time PCR combines high sensitivity/specificity with a reduced analysis time and is thus a proven useful tool for identification of many pathogens, including Capripoxviruses. In order for a real-time PCR to be used in a diagnostic capacity, the different analytical and diagnostic parameters need to be evaluated to assure data quality. The implementation of parallel testing using multiple real-time PCRs with similar characteristics can improve further Capripoxvirus diagnosis. It was therefore the purpose of this study to develop a triplet real-time PCR panel with similar high sensitivity/specificity and provide sufficient validation data regarding the performance characteristics that the panel can be used in parallel, depending on the purpose and local situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haegeman
- CODA-CERVA, Viral Diseases, Vesicular and Exotic Diseases, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium.
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