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Petrova SP, Mohamed MA, Wu H, Taylor LS, Edgar KJ. Threading the needle: Achieving simplicity and performance in cellulose alkanoate ω-carboxyalkanoates for amorphous solid dispersion. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121988. [PMID: 38494207 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Most active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) suffer from poor water solubility, often keeping them from reaching patients. To overcome the issues of poor drug solubility and subsequent low bioavailability, amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have garnered much attention. Cellulose ester derivatives are of interest for ASD applications as they are benign, sustainable-based, and successful in commercial drug delivery systems, e.g. in osmotic pump systems and as commercial ASD polymers. Synthesis of carboxy-pendant cellulose esters is a challenge, due in part to competing reactions between carboxyls and hydroxyls, forming ester crosslinks. Herein we demonstrate proof-of-concept for a scalable synthetic route to simple, yet highly promising ASD polymers by esterifying cellulose polymers through ring-opening of cyclic succinic or glutaric anhydride. We describe the complexity of such ring-opening reactions, not previously well-described, and report ways to avoid gelation. We report synthesis, characterization, and preliminary in vitro ASD evaluations of fifteen such derivatives. Synthetic routes were designed to accommodate these criteria: no protecting groups, no metal catalysts, mild conditions with standard reagents, simple purification, and one-pot synthesis. Finally, these designed ASD polymers included members that maintained fast-crystallizing felodipine in solution and release it from an ASD at rather high 20 % drug loading (DL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella P Petrova
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
| | - Mennatallah A Mohamed
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Huiming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America; Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America.
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Rodrigues BVM, Polez RT, El Seoud OA, Frollini E. Cellulose acylation in homogeneous and heterogeneous media: Optimization of reactions conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 243:125256. [PMID: 37295694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of the DS on the acid anhydride/anhydroglucose unit ((RCO)2O/AGU) molar ratio was correlated using second-order polynomials. The regression coefficients of the (RCO)2O/AGU terms showed that increasing the length of the RCO group of the anhydride led to lower values of DS. For acylation under heterogeneous reaction conditions, the following were employed: acid anhydrides and butyryl chloride as acylating agents; iodine as a catalyst; N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent, pyridine, and triethylamine as solvents and catalysts. For acylation using acetic anhydride plus iodine, the values of DS correlate with reaction time by a second-order polynomial. Due to its role as a polar solvent and a nucleophilic catalyst, pyridine was the most effective base catalyst, independent of the acylating agent (butyric anhydride and butyryl chloride).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vinicius Manzolli Rodrigues
- Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center for Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Teixeira Polez
- Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center for Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Omar A El Seoud
- Polymer and Surfactant Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Frollini
- Macromolecular Materials and Lignocellulosic Fibers Group, Center for Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Gaydarov V, Chen Z, Zamfirova G, Söylemez MA, Zhang J, Djourelov N, Zhang J. Micromechanical and positron annihilation lifetime study of new cellulose esters with different topological structures. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:56-62. [PMID: 31151546 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two new groups of cellulose esters with a substituent, either trifluoromethylbenzoate or methylbenzoate, were synthesized in homogeneous conditions. The actual presence of aromatic substituents was demonstrated by 1H-NMR spectra. The mechanical and structural peculiarities were determined by Depth Sensing Indentation (DSI) and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) techniques. The relative position of CH3 and CF3 groups on the aromatic substituents influences the molecular packing differently and affects the formation of free volumes. The hardness characteristics and modulus of the corresponding cellulose esters were the lowest when the CH3 and CF3 groups are in m-position on the aromatic substituents. Meanwhile, they exhibited the highest number density of the free volume holes, as revealed by the o-Ps intensity values. An inverse linear relationship between the hardness, respectively on the modulus, and the o-Ps intensity was found. A simplified scheme of the structural feature of the investigated cellulose esters was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gaydarov
- Todor Kableshkov University of Transport, 158 Geo Milev str. Sofia, 1574, Bulgaria
| | - Zhangyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Galina Zamfirova
- Todor Kableshkov University of Transport, 158 Geo Milev str. Sofia, 1574, Bulgaria
| | - Meshude Akbulut Söylemez
- Hacettepe University, Chemistry Department, Polymer Chemistry Division, Beytepe, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Jinming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nikolay Djourelov
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Street, Bucharest-Magurele, 077125, Romania.
| | - Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
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Ferreira DC, Oliveira ML, Bioni TA, Nawaz H, King AWT, Kilpeläinen I, Hummel M, Sixta H, El Seoud OA. Binary mixtures of ionic liquids-DMSO as solvents for the dissolution and derivatization of cellulose: Effects of alkyl and alkoxy side chains. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 212:206-214. [PMID: 30832848 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of mixtures of ionic liquids (ILs) and molecular solvents in cellulose dissolution and derivatization depends on the structures of both components. We investigated the ILs 1-(1-butyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C4MeImAc) and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium acetate (C3OMeImAc) and their solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, to assess the effect of presence of an ether linkage in the IL side-chain. Surprisingly, C4MeImAc-DMSO was more efficient than C3OMeImAc-DMSO for the dissolution and acylation of cellulose. We investigated both solvents using rheology, NMR spectroscopy, and solvatochromism. Mixtures of C3OMeImAc-DMSO are more viscous, less basic, and form weaker hydrogen bonds with cellobiose than C4MeImAc-DMSO. We attribute the lower efficiency of C3OMeImAc to "deactivation" of the ether oxygen and C2H of the imidazolium ring due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Using the corresponding ILs with C2CH3 instead of C2H, namely, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium acetate (C4Me2ImAc) and 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium acetate (C3OMe2ImAc) increased the concentration of dissolved cellulose; without noticeable effect on biopolymer reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Av., 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute for Technological Research from State of São Paulo, Prof. Almeida Prado Av., 532, 05508-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara L Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Av., 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais A Bioni
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Av., 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Av., 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alistair W T King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00014, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, 00014, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Omar A El Seoud
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, Prof. Lineu Prestes Av., 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Meng X, Edgar KJ. Synthesis of amide-functionalized cellulose esters by olefin cross-metathesis. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:565-73. [PMID: 26256383 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose esters with amide functionalities were synthesized by cross-metathesis (CM) reaction of terminally olefinic esters with different acrylamides, catalyzed by Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst. Chelation by amides of the catalyst ruthenium center caused low conversions using conventional solvents. The effects of both solvent and structure of acrylamide on reaction conversion were investigated. While the inherent tendency of acrylamides to chelate Ru is governed by the acrylamide N-substituents, employing acetic acid as a solvent significantly improved the conversion of certain acrylamides, from 50% to up to 99%. Homogeneous hydrogenation using p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide successfully eliminated the α,β-unsaturation of the CM products to give stable amide-functionalized cellulose esters. The amide-functionalized product showed higher Tg than its starting terminally olefinic counterpart, which may have resulted from strong hydrogen bonding interactions of the amide functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtao Meng
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin J Edgar
- Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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