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Bhaktaram A, Kress AM, Li Z, Knapp EA. Unpacking Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Children's Health Research from an Environmental Justice Perspective: A Scoping Review. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024; 11:288-299. [PMID: 38598015 PMCID: PMC11081999 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clearly defining and measuring neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) is a key first step in achieving environmental justice, as the disproportionate distribution of environmental hazards and access to resources is heavily influenced by socioeconomic factors. This scoping review explores the definition of neighborhoods, measurement of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), and studies that evaluated the association between nSES and child health in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 4112 articles published on US pediatric populations between 2013 and 2022. We identified 170 distinct indicators across seven broad domains of nSES used to create 121 different measures of nSES across the 206 publications included in this review. While there is considerable interest in nSES and children's health, there is also substantial variation in the measurement of neighborhood as a geographic unit and nSES as a construct. We observed methodological challenges related to the identification of neighborhood boundaries, indicator selection, and nSES measure definition(s). We discuss common pitfalls in neighborhood research that can complicate identifying, targeting, and resolving environmental injustices. Lastly, we put forward a series of recommendations to reduce measurement error and improve inference, in addition to reporting recommendations for neighborhoods and health research that can aid in improving our understanding of pathways between neighborhood context and child health, inform policy development, and allocate resources to achieve environmental justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Bhaktaram
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Amii M Kress
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zone Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily A Knapp
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Treleaven E. The relationship between extended kin resources and children's healthcare utilization: An analysis of family networks. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115720. [PMID: 36801747 PMCID: PMC11018096 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extended kin serve as key sources of financial, social, and instrumental support for young children and their families. In impoverished settings, the ability to rely on extended kin for investments, information, and/or in-kind support to access health care when needed may be particularly important in buffering children against poor health outcomes and mortality. Given data limitations, little is known about how specific social and economic characteristics of extended kin shape children's healthcare access and health outcomes. We use detailed household survey data from rural Mali, where related households co-reside in extended family compounds, a living arrangement typical across West Africa and other settings globally. We examine how specific social and economic characteristics of extended kin residing in close geographic proximity affect children's healthcare utilization in a sample of 3948 children under five years of age reporting illness in the preceding two weeks. Absolute wealth among extended family networks is associated with utilization of any healthcare and healthcare with a formally-trained provider, an indicator of health service quality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.29, 95% CI 1.03, 1.63; aOR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.17, 1.90, respectively). Net of maternal characteristics, educational attainment and decision-making power of extended female relatives of reproductive age in the concession network are powerful predictors of any healthcare utilization (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.18, 2.42; aOR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.27, 1.99, respectively). Labor force participation among extended relatives is not associated with healthcare utilization outcomes among young children, while maternal labor force participation is predictive of utilization of any care and care with a formally-trained provider (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.12, 1.78; aOR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.11, 1.67, respectively). These findings underscore the importance of financial and instrumental support from extended family and illuminate the ways extended families work together to return young children to health in the face of resource constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Treleaven
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street #2274, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
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Mackay LJ, Komanchuk J, Hayden KA, Letourneau N. Impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:45. [PMID: 35300734 PMCID: PMC8932188 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increases in the use of technological devices worldwide, parental technoference is a potential threat to the quality of parent-child relationships and children's health and development. Parental technoference refers to disrupted interactions between a parent and child due to a parent's use of a technological device. The aims of this scoping review are to map, describe, and summarize the existing evidence from published research studies on the impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and children's health and development and to identify the limitations in the studies and gaps in the literature. METHODS This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. A search for relevant research studies will be undertaken in APA PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Central, Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, JBI EBP, and Embase (OVID). CINAHL (Ebsco) and Scopus will also be searched. Grey and popular literature will be excluded. This review will include primary research studies and review papers published in English with no time limit that identify the impacts of technoference on parent-child relationships and child health and developmental outcomes. Parent participants include primary caregivers, either biological, adopted, or foster parents, of children under the age of 18 who engage in technoference. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion with a third researcher. Data will be extracted into a data charting table including author(s), year of publication, country, research aim, methodology/design, population and sample size, variables/concepts, and corresponding measures and main results. Data will be presented in tables and figures accompanied by a narrative summary. DISCUSSION The goal of this scoping review is to present an overview of the evidence on the impacts of parental technoference on parent-child relationships and child and health developmental outcomes, highlighting the current risk of children of today. It will identify gaps in the literature, inform future research, advise recommendations for parents on technological device use, and possibly guide the development of interventions aimed at addressing parental technoference. TRIAL REGISTRATION Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QNTS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay Jerusha Mackay
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jelena Komanchuk
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - K Alix Hayden
- Libraries & Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole Letourneau
- Faculty of Nursing, Cumming School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Psychiatry & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Hughes RC, Bhopal SS, Tomlinson M. Making pre-school children wear masks is bad public health. Public Health Pract (Oxf) 2021; 2:100197. [PMID: 34841375 PMCID: PMC8608397 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Children are not small adults. This is a critical point that many pediatricians and other child health professionals get bored of saying, yet it does seem to need repeating. While children have the lowest risk from COVID-19 directly, they risk suffering the indirect impacts of policy decisions, many of which appear to have been made with next to no explicit consideration of their interests. Public health interventions should not only be about infectious disease control, they should consider a broad set of outcomes. In addition, they ought to consider vulnerability, including that in early childhood - a time when young children's brains are developing rapidly and are most susceptible to adversity. We believe that mandating masking of pre-school children is not in line with public health principles, and needs to be urgently re-considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Hughes
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil S Bhopal
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom
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Claussen AH, Robinson LR, Kaminski JW, Charania S, Holbrook JR, So M, Ghandour R, Smith C, Satterfield-Nash A, Peacock G, Boyle C. Factors Associated with Self-regulation in a Nationally Representative Sample of Children Ages 3-5 Years: United States, 2016. Matern Child Health J 2020; 25:27-37. [PMID: 33219911 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-03039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to describe self-regulation (the ability to influence or control one's thoughts or behavior in response to situational demands and social norms) in children ages 3-5 years using a nationally representative sample and examine risk and protective factors to identify opportunities to support children and families. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we examined data from a parent-reported pilot measure of self-regulation from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). We compared U.S. children aged 3-5 years who were described by parents as "on track" with self-regulation development with children who were not. In addition, we described how health care and developmental services, community, family, and child health and development factors are associated with children's self-regulation. RESULTS The majority of children (4 of 5) were described by their parents to be developmentally on track with self-regulation. Compared to children described as not on track, children described as on track more often lived in financially and socially advantaged environments and less often experienced family adversity. They also had other positive health and development indicators, whether or not they were receiving developmental services. However, only half of children not on track received developmental surveillance, and only 1 in 4 children described as not on track received educational, mental health, or developmental services. CONCLUSION The findings are a step towards using self-regulation as an indicator of healthy child development and as a potential strategy to identify groups of children who may need additional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika H Claussen
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Lara R Robinson
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer W Kaminski
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sana Charania
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Joseph R Holbrook
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marvin So
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Reem Ghandour
- Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Camille Smith
- Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashley Satterfield-Nash
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Georgina Peacock
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Coleen Boyle
- Office of the Director, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Noonan K, Burns R, Violato M. Family income, maternal psychological distress and child socio-emotional behaviour: Longitudinal findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. SSM Popul Health 2018; 4:280-290. [PMID: 29854912 PMCID: PMC5976845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between low family income and socio-emotional behaviour problems in early childhood has been well-documented, and maternal psychological distress is highlighted as central in mediating this relationship. However, whether this relationship holds for older children, and the precise mechanisms by which income may influence child behaviour is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between family income and child socio-emotional behaviour at 11 years of age, and examined the mediating role of maternal psychological distress over time using the UK Millennium Cohort Study. The primary outcome was parent-reported behavioural problems, as captured by the Total Difficulties Score (TDS), derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Secondary outcomes were the emotional, peer-related, conduct, and hyperactivity/inattention problems subscales of the SDQ; and teacher-reported TDS. Permanent family income was the primary exposure variable; frequency of poverty up to age 11 years was the secondary exposure variable. Maternal psychological distress was operationalised to reflect the trajectory from child birth to age 11. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of permanent family income on child behaviour at age 11, controlling for maternal psychological distress and other relevant covariates. Results showed a statistically significant protective effect of increased permanent family income on the likelihood of behavioural problems at age 11. This finding was consistent for all SDQ subscales apart from emotional problems, and was strongest for teacher-reported behavioural problems. Maternal distress was an important mediator in the income-child behaviour relationship for parent-reported, but not teacher-reported, behavioural problems. The results of this study strengthen empirical evidence that the child behaviour-income gradient is maintained in older childhood. Mother's psychological distress, particularly longstanding or recurrent, appears to contribute to this relationship. These findings may validate calls for psychosocial and financial supports for families affected by parental mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mara Violato
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
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May PA, Hasken JM, Blankenship J, Marais AS, Joubert B, Cloete M, de Vries MM, Barnard R, Botha I, Roux S, Doms C, Gossage JP, Kalberg WO, Buckley D, Robinson LK, Adnams CM, Manning MA, Parry CDH, Hoyme HE, Tabachnick B, Seedat S. Breastfeeding and maternal alcohol use: Prevalence and effects on child outcomes and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:13-21. [PMID: 27174445 PMCID: PMC4987236 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine any effects that maternal alcohol consumption during the breastfeeding period has on child outcomes. METHODS Population-based samples of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), normally-developing children, and their mothers were analyzed for differences in child outcomes. RESULTS Ninety percent (90%) of mothers breastfed for an average of 19.9 months. Of mothers who drank postpartum and breastfed (MDPB), 47% breastfed for 12 months or more. In case control analyses, children of MDPB were significantly lighter, had lower verbal IQ scores, and more anomalies in comparisons controlling for prenatal alcohol exposure and final FASD diagnosis. Utilizing a stepwise logistic regression model adjusting for nine confounders of prenatal drinking and other maternal risks, MDPB were 6.4 times more likely to have a child with FASD than breastfeeding mothers who abstained from alcohol while breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use during the period of breastfeeding was found to significantly compromise a child's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A May
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, United States; The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, United States; Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa.
| | - Julie M Hasken
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Nutrition Research Institute, United States
| | - Jason Blankenship
- The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, United States
| | - Anna-Susan Marais
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - Belinda Joubert
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - Marise Cloete
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - Marlene M de Vries
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - Ronel Barnard
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - Isobel Botha
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - Sumien Roux
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - Cate Doms
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
| | - J Phillip Gossage
- The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, United States
| | - Wendy O Kalberg
- The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, United States
| | - David Buckley
- The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, United States
| | - Luther K Robinson
- State University of New York, Buffalo, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Colleen M Adnams
- University of Cape Town, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, South Africa
| | - Melanie A Manning
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, United States
| | - Charles D H Parry
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa; Medical Research Council of South Africa, Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South Africa
| | - H Eugene Hoyme
- Sanford Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | | | - Soraya Seedat
- Stellenbosch University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, South Africa
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