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Duan M, Tong C, Huang C, Tong Z, Xu J, Li D, Pang J, Zhi Z, Wu C. Enhanced stabilization of multifunctional phenolic acids-grafted chitin nanofibers for Pickering emulsions. Food Chem 2024; 440:138278. [PMID: 38157704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop novel functional stabilizers for Pickering emulsions using phenolic acids-grafted chitin nanofibers (phenolic acids-g-ChNF), which were fabricated by grafting ferulic acid (FA), sinapic acid (SA) and caffeic acid (CA) onto ChNF via free radical-mediated method. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance showed that graft copolymerization occurred between the amino groups of ChNF and the carbonyl of the phenolic acids. Further, it was revealed that CA-g-ChNF and SA-g-ChNF possessed stronger antioxidant and antibacterial properties than the original ChNF and FA-g-ChNF. Additionally, we applied phenolic acids-g-ChNF to develop Pickering emulsions and found that SA-g-ChNF- and CA-g-ChNF-stabilized emulsions displayed reduced droplet sizes compared to FA, the main reason for which was that SA and CA had a rather close bonding relationship with ChNF. Taken together, SA-g-ChNF and CA-g-ChNF as novel multi-functional particles can be employed for facilitating the stability of Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Duan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cailing Tong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhisheng Tong
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingting Xu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Danjie Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jie Pang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zijian Zhi
- Food Structure and Function (FSF) Research Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, East Flanders 9000, Belgium.
| | - Chunhua Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Kim JK, Song MO, Kim J, Kim S, Jin J. Cryomilling-assisted high purity β-chitin extraction from Uroteuthis edulis pens. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131815. [PMID: 38670192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We report on the extraction of β-chitin from pens (or Gladius) of Uroteuthis edulis, a squid species prevalent in the Pacific coastal regions of East Asia. In particular, we employ cryogenic mechanical grinding (or cryomilling) as a pre-treatment process for the raw squid pens. We show that the cryomilling step enables an effective pulverization of the raw materials, which facilitates the removal of protein residues allowing the extraction of high-purity β-chitin with a high acetylation degree (∼97 %) and crystallinity (∼82 %). We also demonstrate that the Uroteuthis edulis extract β-chitin affords a free-standing film with excellent optical transmittance and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Kwon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Oh Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoi Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea.
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Ma H, Zou Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Yu J, Fan Y. Mussel-inspired chitin nanofiber adherable hydrogel sensor with interpenetrating network and great fatigue resistance for motion and acoustics monitoring. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130059. [PMID: 38340919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A method for grafting dopamine onto TEMPO-oxidized chitin nanofibers (TOChN) was developed, achieving a surface grafting rate of 54 % through the EDC/NHS reaction. This process resulted in the formation of dopamine-grafted TOChN (TOChN-DA). Subsequently, an adherent, highly sensitive, fatigue-resistant conductive PAM/TOChN-PDA/Fe3+ (PTPF) hydrogel was successfully synthesized based on the composition of polyacrylamide (PAM) and TOChN-DA, which exhibited good cell compatibility, a tensile strength of 89.42 kPa, and a high adhesion strength of 62.56 kPa with 1.2 wt% TOChN-DA. Notably, the PTPF hydrogel showed stable adherence to various surfaces, such as rubber, copper, and human skin. Specifically, the addition of FeCl3 contributed to a multifunctional design in the PTPF interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel, endowing it with conductivity, cohesion, and antioxidant properties, which facilitated sensitive motion and acoustics monitoring. Moreover, the PTPF hydrogel demonstrated exceptional fatigue resistance and sensing stability, maintaining performance at 50 % strain over 1000 cycles. These attributes render the PTPF hydrogel a promising candidate for advanced biosensors in medical and athletic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhong Ma
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yujun Zou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xian Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, China.
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4
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Wang W, Liu J, Khan MJ, Wang R, Francesco S, Sun J, Mao X, Huang WC. Magnetic macroporous chitin microsphere as a support for covalent enzyme immobilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128214. [PMID: 37992928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic macroporous chitin microsphere (MMCM) was developed for enzyme immobilization. Chitin nanofibers were prepared and subsequently subjected to self-assembly with magnetic nanoparticles and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). Following this, microspheres were formed through spray drying, achieving a porous structure through etching. The MMCM serves as an effective support for immobilizing enzymes, allowing for their covalent immobilization both on the microsphere's surface and within its pores. The substantial surface area resulting from the porous structure leads to a 2.1-fold increase in enzyme loading capacity compared to non-porous microspheres. The MMCM enhances stability of the immobilized enzymes under various pH and temperature conditions. Furthermore, after 20 days of storage at 4 °C, the residual activity of the immobilized enzyme was 2.93 times that of the free enzyme. Even after being recycled 10 times, the immobilized enzyme retained 56.7 % of its initial activity. It's noteworthy that the active sites of the enzymes remained unchanged after immobilization using the MMCM, and kinetic analysis revealed that the affinity of the immobilized enzymes rivals that of the free enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Secundo Francesco
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Jianan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Wen-Can Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China.
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5
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Li X, Xu L, Gao J, Yan M, Bi H, Wang Q. Surface modification of chitin nanofibers with dopamine as efficient nanosorbents for enhanced removal of dye pollution and metal ions. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127113. [PMID: 37774823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly and low-cost adsorbents with high adsorption capacity remains a challenge. Herein, chitin nanofiber-polydopamine composite materials (CNDA) have been obtained by surface modification of chitin nanofiber using dopamine. According to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), polydopamine have been successfully coated on the surface of chitin nanofiber (ChNF). The ability to remove methylene blue (MB) has been analyzed via standard adsorption experiments, indicating that the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) can reach 196.6 mg/g at MB initial concentration of 50 mg/L. Most importantly, the adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics were used to investigate the MB adsorption mechanism on composites. This indicated that the polydopamine on the surface of chitin nanofiber (ChNF) plays an important role in the MB dye adsorption. Moreover, the removal ability of CNDA to metal ions has also been investigated, indicating high capacities for Fe3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+. Based on their biodegradability and good adsorption capacity, the CNDA composite material can be considered a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lina Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jianliang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Manqing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Jung S, Kim J, Bang J, Jung M, Park S, Yun H, Kwak HW. pH-sensitive cellulose/chitin nanofibrillar hydrogel for dye pollutant removal. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 317:121090. [PMID: 37364959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a pH-sensitive smart hydrogel was successfully prepared by combining a polyelectrolyte complex using biopolymeric nanofibrils. By adding a green citric acid cross-linking agent to the formed chitin and cellulose-derived nanofibrillar polyelectrolytic complex, a hydrogel with excellent structural stability could be prepared even in a water environment, and all processes were conducted in an aqueous system. The prepared biopolymeric nanofibrillar hydrogel not only enables rapid conversion of swelling degree and surface charge according to pH but can also effectively remove ionic contaminants. The ionic dye removal capacity was 372.0 mg/g for anionic AO and 140.5 mg/g for cationic MB. The surface charge conversion ability according to pH could be easily applied to the desorption of the removed contaminants, and as a result, it showed an excellent contaminant removal efficiency of 95.1 % or more even in the repeated reuse process 5 times. Overall, the eco-friendly biopolymeric nanofibrillar pH-sensitive hydrogel shows potential for complex wastewater treatment and long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungoh Jung
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyu Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsik Bang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Jung
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heecheol Yun
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Kaku Y, Isobe N, Ogawa NO, Ohkouchi N, Ikuta T, Saito T, Fujisawa S. Chitin nanofiber-coated biodegradable polymer microparticles via one-pot aqueous process. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120828. [PMID: 37059556 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the surface of biodegradable microparticles is important for various applications in the fields of cosmetics, biotechnology, and drug delivery. Chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) are one of the promising materials for surface tailoring owing to its functionality, such as biocompatibility and antibiotic properties. Here, we show biodegradable polymer microparticles densely coated with ChNFs. Cellulose acetate (CA) was used as the core material in this study, and ChNF coating was successfully carried out via a one-pot aqueous process. The average particle size of the ChNF-coated CA microparticles was approximately 6 μm, and the coating procedure had little effect on the size or shape of the original CA microparticles. The ChNF-coated CA microparticles comprised 0.2-0.4 wt% of the thin surface ChNF layers. Owing to the surface cationic ChNFs, the ζ-potential value of the ChNF-coated microparticles was +27.4 mV. The surface ChNF layer efficiently adsorbed anionic dye molecules, and repeatable adsorption/desorption behavior was exhibited owing to the coating stability of the surface ChNFs. The ChNF coating in this study was a facile aqueous process and was applicable to CA-based materials of various sizes and shapes. This versatility will open new possibilities for future biodegradable polymer materials that satisfy the increasing demand for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kaku
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization (MRU), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Isobe
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization (MRU), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Nanako O Ogawa
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization (MRU), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Naohiko Ohkouchi
- Biogeochemistry Research Center (BGC), Research Institute for Marine Resources Utilization (MRU), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ikuta
- Marine Biodiversity and Environmental Assessment Research Center (BioEnv), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Li X, Jiang L, Yan M, Bi H, Wang Q. Highly stretchable, tough and conductive chitin nanofiber composite hydrogel as a wearable sensor. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124780. [PMID: 37172700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To meet the requirements of eco-friendly and sustainability in the 21st century, hydrogels based on biopolymer with conductivity and stretchable property have attained increasing attention for strain sensor. However, the as-prepared of hydrogel sensor with excellent mechanical property and high strain sensitivity is still a challenge. In this study, chitin nanofiber (ChNF) reinforced composite hydrogels of PACF are fabricated via a facile one-pot method. The obtained PACF composite hydrogel exhibits good transparency (80.6 % at 800 nm)and excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength, 261.2 kPa; tensile strain as high as 550.3 %). Moreover, the composite hydrogels also demonstrate excellent anti-compression performance. The composite hydrogels own good conductivity (1.20 S/m) and strain sensitivity. Most importantly, the hydrogel can be assembled as a strain/pressure sensor for detecting large-scale and small-scale human motion. Therefore, flexible conductive hydrogel strain sensors will have broad application prospects in artificial intelligence, electronic skin, and personal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Manqing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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Kitasono S, Yamamoto K, Kadokawa JI. Preparation and gelation behaviors of poly(2-oxazoline)-grafted chitin nanofibers. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117709. [PMID: 33673988 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on our previous work on successful gelation of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-grafted chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) with high polar media, in this study, we investigated the preparation and gelation behaviors of the ChNFs having different poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) graft chains, that is, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline), poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline), and poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline), with various disperse media. The grafting was carried out by reactions of living propagating ends of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s with amino groups present on the self-assembled ChNFs, which were obtained from a chitin ion gel. The products formed gels in the reaction mixtures, which could be converted into hydrogels. All the products with the three poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) graft chains formed gels with high polar media. Besides, gelation of the product with poly(2-butyl-2-oxazoline) was observed by immersing it in relatively non-polar media such as benzyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and toluene. The formation process of network structures by the grafting of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s on ChNFs is proposed to induce gelation of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Kitasono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kadokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Kim MS, Ryu KM, Lee SH, Choi YC, Rho S, Jeong YG. Chitin Nanofiber-Reinforced Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposite Films with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Performance. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117728. [PMID: 33593583 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To attain eco-friendly polyurethane composites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, in this study, a series of cationic waterborne polyurethane (cWPU) nanocomposite films reinforced with 1-50 wt% chitin nanofiber (ChNF) loadings was fabricated by a facile aqueous dispersion casting. The microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films were investigated by considering the loading content and the interfacial interaction of ChNF in the cWPU matrix. For the purpose, a hard/soft segmented cWPU with an average particle size of ∼151 nm in aqueous dispersion was synthesized by using poly(tetramethylene glycol), isophorone diisocyanate, N-methyldiethanolamine, and 1,4-butanediol. The FT-IR spectra confirmed the existence of specific hydrogen-bonding interactions between hydroxyl/acetyl amine/ammonium groups of ChNFs and urethane/protonated amine groups of cWPU hard segments. Accordingly, the thermal decomposition temperatures of cWPU/ChNF nanocomposite films increased with increasing the ChNF content. In addition, the storage moduli of cWPU/ChNF nanocomposite films increased significantly with the increment of ChNF content up to ∼7 wt%, which stems from the restricted chain mobility of cWPU backbones composed of semicrystalline soft segments and hard segments interacting with ChNFs via multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su Kim
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Moon Ryu
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Choi
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Rho
- ANPOLY, Pohang-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do, 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Jeong
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Salehinik F, Behzad T, Zamani A, Bahrami B. Extraction and characterization of fungal chitin nanofibers from Mucor indicus cultured in optimized medium conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 167:1126-34. [PMID: 33188816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) were extracted from Mucor indicus by a purification method followed by a mechanical treatment, cultivated under obtained optimum culture medium conditions to improve fungal chitin production rate. A semi synthetic media containing 50 g/l glucose was used for cultivation of the fungus in shake flasks. The cell wall analysis showed that N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) content, which is an indication of chitin content, was maximum in presence of 2.5 g/l H3PO4, 2.5 g/l of NaOH, 1 g/l of yeast extract, 1 mg/l of plant hormones, and 1 ml/l of trace metals. The chemical characterizations demonstrated that the isolated fibers had a degree of deacetylation lower than of 10%, and were phosphate free. The FTIR results revealed successful removal of different materials during the purification step. The FE-SEM of fibrillated chitin illustrated an average diameter of 28 nm. Finally, X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystallinity index of nanofibers was 82%.
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12
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Ye W, Hu Y, Ma H, Liu L, Yu J, Fan Y. Comparison of cast films and hydrogels based on chitin nanofibers prepared using TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO and TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO 2 systems. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116125. [PMID: 32241429 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutral TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 (TNN) oxidation, with NaClO2 as the primary oxidant under aqueous conditions at pH 6.8 was applied to selectively oxidize surface C6 primary hydroxyl groups of α-chitin to carboxylate groups. When 0.1 mmol TEMPO, 1 mmol NaClO and 20 mmol NaClO2 were added to 1 g α-chitin, the yield of water-insoluble oxidized chitin was 91.93 %, and the carboxylate content was 0.695 mmol/g. The TNN oxidized chitin (TNN-Ch) was mostly converted to individual nanofibrils by mechanical disintegration in water, with mostly widths of 20-24 nm and average lengths of 1 μm. Compared to chitin nanofibers produced by TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system (TBN-ChNs), with average widths of 16.67 ± 7.9 nm and average lengths of 770 ± 170 nm, TNN-ChNs were wider, longer and had a higher aspect ratio; its films and hydrogels also showed better mechanical properties, which indicated the size effect on the nanofiber-based materials resulted from different oxidation process.
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13
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Pirzadeh-Naeeni S, Mozdianfard MR, Shojaosadati SA, Khorasani AC, Saleh T. A comparative study on schizophyllan and chitin nanoparticles for ellagic acid delivery in treating breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:380-8. [PMID: 31837368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, following encapsulation of ellagic acid (EA), an anti-cancer agent, loaded in schizophyllan (EA/SPG-NP) and chitin (EA/Ch-NP) nanoparticles, its release in 95% ethanol, and different mediums of digestive systems with pH ranging 1.5 to 7.4, were examined before investigating for treatment of breast cancer MCF-7cells. Following synthesis, the EA was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, DLS and zeta potential analysis. Loading capacity of schizophyllan and chitin were 30.08 and 79.52%, respectively, while SEM images indicated respective size distributions of 217.8 and 39.82 nm, with the corresponding zeta potentials being +27 and -9.14 mV. As EA was loaded in nanoparticles, antioxidant activity, examined by DPPH method, of the free EA was found to be higher than both EA/SPG-NP and EA/Ch-NP, but lower than the latter at 7.4 pH. Interestingly, scavenging activities for EA and EA/SPG-NP reduced for higher pH. The MTT cytotoxicity indicated that EA/SPG-NP and EA/Ch-NP inhibited effectively cell growth of breast cancer cell lines at IC50 of 60 and 115 μg/ml, respectively.
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Egusa M, Matsukawa S, Miura C, Nakatani S, Yamada J, Endo T, Ifuku S, Kaminaka H. Improving nitrogen uptake efficiency by chitin nanofiber promotes growth in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1322-31. [PMID: 31751746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitin, an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer, has been known to enhance plant growth. However, this polysaccharide has not been used extensively in experimental work or agriculture practices because its hydrophobic nature makes it difficult to handle. Chitin nanofiber (CNF), which disperses well in water, can feasibly be used to evaluate the effect of chitin on the promotion of plant growth. In this study, we analysed the contents of inorganic elements and global gene expression to obtain an overview of the growth-promoting action of chitins in plants. Significant increases in the biomass of aerial parts and concentration of chlorophyll following treatment with CNF or short-chain chitin oligomers were observed in tomatoes that were hydroponically cultivated under ultralow nutrient concentrations. The results of the quantification of inorganic elements demonstrated that concentrations of nitrogen and carbon significantly increased in whole tomato plant under chitin treatment. Transcriptome analysis of CNF-treated tomatoes by RNA sequencing showed that the expression levels of genes related to nitrogen acquisition and assimilation, nutrient allocation and photosynthesis were altered. These results indicate that the growth-promoting action of chitin treatment is caused by an improvement in nitrogen uptake efficiency and that CNF could be a useful material for nutrient management in tomato production.
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15
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Yang YN, Lu KY, Wang P, Ho YC, Tsai ML, Mi FL. Development of bacterial cellulose/chitin multi-nanofibers based smart films containing natural active microspheres and nanoparticles formed in situ. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 228:115370. [PMID: 31635728 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanofiber-based materials have recently gained increasing attention in food packaging, drug delivery, and biomedical applications. In this study, a multi-nanofibers composite film was developed based on bacterial cellulose nanofiber (BCNF)/chitin nanofiber (CNF) hybridization. The nanofibers were responsible for the formation of well-dispersed curcumin (Cur) micro/nanoparticles in the nanocomposite films. The release of Cur from the films were affected by CNF and the sizes of Cur particles formed in situ. The Cur particles reduced tensile strength and increased water vapor permeability of BCNF film. However, CNF improved the mechanical strength and barrier property of the Cur/BCNF/CNF composite film. Moreover, the multi-nanofibers composite film showed excellent dynamic antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity, as well as was capable to monitor pH change and trace amount of boric acid. Results of this study suggested that the Cur/BCNF/CNF composite film can be used as a smart and active food packaging material.
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16
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Egusa M, Parada R, Aklog YF, Ifuku S, Kaminaka H. Nanofibrillation enhances the protective effect of crab shells against Fusarium wilt disease in tomato. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:22-27. [PMID: 30682468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of N‑acetyl‑d‑glucosamine, is a beneficial material for agriculture because it enhances plant growth and disease control. Although chitin utilization is limited by handling difficulties, chitin nanofiber (CNF) can be more feasibly used since it behaves as a water-soluble material. To broaden the utilization of chitin, protein/CaCO3/chitin nanofiber (P/Ca/CNF) and protein/chitin nanofiber (P/CNF) complexes were prepared from crab shells without using environmentally hazardous chemical in chitin purification processes. Chitin was disintegrated into nanofibers by grinder pretreatment and the subsequent use of a high-pressure water jet system. The nanofibrillation degree depended on the number of mechanical treatments applied. The addition of CNFs to soil slightly enhanced tomato growth relative to that of CNF-untreated or crushed crab shell-treated plants. Furthermore, CNFs treatment reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt disease in tomato plants. Disease inhibition by P/Ca/CNF and P/CNF was more effective than that by crushed crab shells, and comparable to that by pure CNF. There was no significant relationship between disease reduction level and nanofibrillation degree. In conclusion, P/Ca/CNF prepared with the minimal number of steps was sufficiently able to inhibit Fusarium wilt disease in tomato, and could thus be an eco-friendly material to control plant diseases in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Egusa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - RoxanaYanira Parada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yihun Fantahun Aklog
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaminaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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17
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Suenaga S, Osada M. Preparation of β- chitin nanofiber aerogels by lyophilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:1145-1149. [PMID: 30611806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitin nanofiber dispersions prepared in neutral and acidic pH conditions were lyophilized to produce aerogels. The effects of the freezing speed of the nanofiber dispersions and the dispersibility of the chitin nanofiber were studied. The characteristics of the aerogels were studied using scanning electron microscopy, relative surface area measurements, and compression tests. The repulsion forces of the chitin nanofiber in acidic conditions were effective in the formation of a more uniform microstructure during water solidification, resulting in aerogels with a high mechanical strength. The aerogel made from the chitin nanofiber dispersion prepared in neutral conditions was influenced by ice crystal growth during freezing, resulting in a nonuniform structure. In contrast, the surface area of the aerogel in neutral conditions interestingly remained unchanged compared to that of the original powder, which was due to the morphological transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
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18
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Parada RY, Egusa M, Aklog YF, Miura C, Ifuku S, Kaminaka H. Optimization of nanofibrillation degree of chitin for induction of plant disease resistance: Elicitor activity and systemic resistance induced by chitin nanofiber in cabbage and strawberry. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2185-2192. [PMID: 30021137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chitin has not been extensively used in agriculture owing to its handling difficulties despite its utilizable functions such as induction of disease resistance and growth promotion in plants. Chitin nanofiber (CNF), which has an elicitor activity to induce plant disease resistance, can be handled like a water-soluble material, because of its high dispersibility. To determine the potential use of CNF in agriculture, the nanofibrillation degree of chitin for elicitor activity and its effect on the disease resistance against pathogens were examined in cabbage and strawberry plants. The similarity in thickness and length of CNF to that of polymeric chitin was sufficient to induce elicitor activity in both plants. Cabbage and strawberry plants, which were grown in a mixture of soil and CNF with optimized specification, challenged with fungal pathogens showed a reduction in the number of spots caused by Alternaria brassicicola and lesion size by Colletotrichum fructicola, respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed that the defense-related genes in cabbage plant grown in CNF-containing soil were significantly upregulated before and after pathogen infection. These results indicate that CNF can systemically induce disease resistance in cabbage and strawberry plants and is a promising natural-based material to control diseases in cultivated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Y Parada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Mayumi Egusa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yihum F Aklog
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaminaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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Chen C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Pan M, Ye T, Li D. High strength gelatin-based nanocomposites reinforced by surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber networks. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:387-392. [PMID: 29804990 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chitin nanofiber (ChNF) was deacetylated on the crystalline surface by NaOH treatment, leading to the fibrillation of mostly individualized nanofibers with high aspect ratio. The small diameter and high strength of chitin nanofibers make them promising reinforcing fillers for composites. Herein by introducing into the gelatin, surface-deacetylated chitin nanofiber (S-ChNF)/gelatin nanocomposites were fabricated in different component ratios using immersion method followed with drying. Due to the reinforcing effect attributed to S-ChNF, mechanical properties of the S-ChNF/gelatin were significantly improved in both stress and Young's modulus while still maintaining high transparency regardless of nanofiber content. Morphology and Fourier-transform infrared characterization revealed that S-ChNF preserved nanonetwork structures in the gelatin matrix and exhibited good compatibility through hydrogen bonding, which further confirmed the improvement in mechanical properties. Therefore, these S-ChNF/gelatin nanocomposites based on biocompatible and biodegradable raw materials have potential applications in biomedical and food packaging industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yiren Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yini Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ting Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Dagang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Suenaga S, Osada M. Systematic dynamic viscoelasticity measurements for chitin nanofibers prepared with various concentrations, disintegration times, acidities, and crystalline structures. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:431-437. [PMID: 29673956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic viscoelasticities were measured for chitin nanofiber (ChNF) dispersions prepared with various concentrations, disintegration times, acidities, and crystalline structures. The 0.05w/v% dispersions of pH neutral ChNFs continuously exhibited elastic behavior. The 0.05w/v% dispersions of acidified ChNFs, on the other hand, transitioned from a colloidal dispersion to a critical gel and then exhibited elastic behavior with increasing ChNF concentration. A double-logarithmic chart of the concentration vs. the storage modulus was prepared and indicated the fractal dimension and the nanostructure in the dispersion. The results determined that the neutral α- and β-ChNFs were dispersed but showed some remaining aggregations and that the acidified β-ChNFs were completely individualized. In addition, the α-chitin steadily disintegrated with increasing disintegration time, and the aspect ratio of the β-chitin decreased as a result of the exscessive disintegration. The storage moduli of the ChNFs were greater than those of chitin solutions, nanorods, and nanowhiskers with the same solids concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
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Shibata M, Enjoji M, Sakazume K, Ifuku S. Bio-based epoxy/ chitin nanofiber composites cured with amine-type hardeners containing chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 144:89-97. [PMID: 27083797 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sorbitol polyglycidyl ether (SPE) which is a bio-based water-soluble epoxy resin was cured with chitosan (CS) and/or a commercial water-soluble polyamidoamine- or polyetheramine-type epoxy hardener (PAA or PEA). Furthermore, biocomposites of the CS-cured SPE (CS-SPE) and CS/PAA- or CS/PEA-cured SPE (SPE-CA or SPE-CE) biocomposites with chitin nanofiber (CNF) were prepared by casting and compression molding methods, respectively. The curing reaction of epoxy and amino groups of the reactants was confirmed by the FT-IR spectral analysis. SPE-CS and SPE-CA were almost transparent films, while SPE-CE was opaque. Transparency of SPE-CS/CNF and SPE-CA/CNF became a little worse with increasing CNF content. The tanδ peak temperature of SPE-CS was higher than those of SPE-PAA and SPE-PEA. SPE-CA or SPE-CE exhibited two tanδ peak temperatures related to glass transitions of the CS-rich and PAA-rich or PEA-rich moieties. The tanδ peak temperatures related to the CS-rich and PAA-rich moieties increased with increasing CNF content. A higher order of tensile strengths and moduli of the cured resins was SPE-CS≫SPE-CA>SPE-CE. The tensile strength and modulus of each sample were much improved by the addition of 3wt% CNF, while further addition of CNF caused a lowering of the strength and modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Shibata
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Enjoji
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Katsumi Sakazume
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho, Minami 680-8552, Tottori, Japan
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Lu Y, Sun Q, She X, Xia Y, Liu Y, Li J, Yang D. Fabrication and characterisation of α- chitin nanofibers and highly transparent chitin films by pulsed ultrasonication. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1497-504. [PMID: 24053832 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Chitin nanofibers were fabricated with dried shrimp shells via a simple high-intensity ultrasonic treatment under neutral conditions (60 KHz, 300 W, pH=7). The diameter of the obtained chitin nanofibers could be controlled within 20-200 nm by simply adjusting the ultrasonication time. The pulsed ultrasound disassembled natural chitin into high-aspect-ratio nanofibers with a uniform width (19.4 nm after 30 min sonication). The EDS, FTIR, and XRD characterisation results verified that α-chitin crystalline structure and molecular structure were maintained after the chemical purification and ultrasonic treatments. Interestingly, ultrasonication can slightly increase the degree of crystallinity of chitin (from 60.1 to 65.8). Furthermore, highly transparent chitin films (the transmittance was 90.2% at a 600 nm) and flexible ultralight chitin foams were prepared from chitin nanofiber hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
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