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Sher A, Khalil AT, Dogan N, Ayaz M, Ahmad K. Valorization and Repurposing of Citrus limetta Fruit Waste for Fabrication of Multifunctional AgNPs and Their Diverse Nanomedicinal Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2067-2085. [PMID: 37466887 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein we propose an ecofriendly process for the biofabrication of AgNPs by applying fruit waste of Citrus limetta. The aqueous extracts from the peels of the fruit were used as green chelating and stabilizing agents. Structural, optical, vibrational, morphological, and magnetic properties were established using UV-Vis (ultraviolet visible spectroscopy), XRD (X-rays diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), ESR (electron spin resonance), and PPMS (physical property management system), while the thermal properties were established using TGA/DTG (thermal gravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry). XRD pattern revealed intense peaks with single-phase purity, while the Debye-Scherrer approximation revealed an average crystallite size of 33.18 nm. The W-H plot revealed the size of 55.2 nm and strain 2.68 × 10-4. FTIR spectra revealed the involvement of different functional groups and major IR vibrations were observed at 2329 cm-1, 2092 cm-1, 1794 cm-1, 1268 cm-1, and 754 cm-1. TGA/DTG revealed major weight loss events at 240 °C and 360 °C. SEM revealed spherical or quasi-spherical morphology, while EDS confirmed the presence of elemental silver. The M-H behavior for all measurement temperature shows diamagnetic behavior. Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed a high proportion of free electrons. Furthermore, the pharmacognostic and nanomedicinal potential CL-AgNPs was established using multiple in vitro and in vivo bioassays. The in vivo wound healing assays in mice revealed excellent healing potential which were similar to positive control. The percent wound healing is reported to be 93% on the 14th day of incision after application of CL-AgNPs. Bioassays were performed to assess enzyme inhibition potential of the CL-AgNPs for Alzheimer disease and antidiabetic applications. The AChE and BChE potential of the CL-AgNPs was highest at 1000 µg mL-1, i.e., 92% and 56%, respectively. The α-glucosidase inhibition potential for the CL-AgNPs was higher as compared to the α-glucosidase, while the DPPH free radical scavenging was reported to be 70% to 11% at varying concentrations between 1000 and 62.5 µg mL-1. Overall, our results indicate that the waste fruit peels can be a sustainable and eco-friendly resource of synthesis of the multifunctional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sher
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Pathology, Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Nurcan Dogan
- Department of Physics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey
- Department of Electronics and communication Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, KP, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
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Sharma P, Osama K, Gaur VK, Farooqui A, Varjani S, Younis K. Sustainable utilization of Citrus limetta peel for obtaining pectin and its application in cookies as a fat replacer. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:975-986. [PMID: 36908343 PMCID: PMC9998840 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a five-factorial central composite design was employed to optimize pectin extraction from novel source, through ultrasound-assisted extraction. A 35.58% yield was obtained under optimized conditions of pH 1.0, solid (g): liquid (mL) ratio 1:24, amplitude 84.2 Hz, duty cycle 23 s/30 s, and time 30 min. The equivalent weight, methoxyl content, anhydrouronic acid content, degree of esterification, water-holding capacity, and oil-holding capacity of the extracted pectin were 796.40 ± 2.07, 8.29 ± 0.38%, 71.32 ± 0.54%, 64.66 ± 2.08%, 8.04 ± 0.10 g water/g pectin, and 2.24 ± 030 g oil/g pectin, respectively. The chemical profile of the extracted pectin was assessed with FTIR and NMR analyses. The extracted pectin was utilized as a butter substitute in cookies. Up to 30% butter in cookies could be replaced with the extracted pectin without altering the sensory and physicochemical properties. Overall, results of presented work suggest that using waste-derived pectin as a fat substitute in cookies offers a sustainable and health-promoting approach for converting waste into wealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Khwaja Osama
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 001 India
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010 India
| | - Kaiser Younis
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
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Narayanankutty A, Visakh NU, Sasidharan A, Pathrose B, Olatunji OJ, Al-Ansari A, Alfarhan A, Ramesh V. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Bacterial, and Anti-Cancer Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Citrus limetta Risso Peel Waste Remains after Commercial Use. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238329. [PMID: 36500421 PMCID: PMC9735939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Citrus plants are widely utilized for edible purposes and medicinal utility throughout the world. However, because of the higher abundance of the antimicrobial compound D-Limonene, the peel waste cannot be disposed of by biogas production. Therefore, after the extraction of D-Limonene from the peel wastes, it can be easily disposed of. The D-Limonene rich essential oil from the Citrus limetta risso (CLEO) was extracted and evaluated its radical quenching, bactericidal, and cytotoxic properties. The radical quenching properties were DPPH radical scavenging (11.35 ± 0.51 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging (10.36 ± 0.55 µg/mL). There, we observed a dose-dependent antibacterial potential for the essential oil against pathogenic bacteria. Apart from that, the essential oil also inhibited the biofilm-forming properties of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, and S. aureus. Further, cytotoxicity was also exhibited against estrogen receptor-positive (MCF7) cells (IC50: 47.31 ± 3.11 µg/mL) and a triple-negative (MDA-MB-237) cell (IC50: 55.11 ± 4.62 µg/mL). Upon evaluation of the mechanism of action, the toxicity was mediated through an increased level of reactive radicals of oxygen and the subsequent release of cytochrome C, indicative of mitotoxicity. Hence, the D-Limonene rich essential oil of C. limetta is useful as a strong antibacterial and cytotoxic agent; the antioxidant properties exhibited also increase its utility value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.P.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Naduvilthara U. Visakh
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India
| | - Anju Sasidharan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
| | - Berin Pathrose
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.P.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.P.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Abdullah Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varsha Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
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Singh B, Garg N, Mathur P, Soni SK, Vaish S, Kumar S. Microbial production of multienzyme preparation from mosambi peel using Trichoderma asperellum. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:313. [PMID: 35543769 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable wastes create unhygienic conditions and pose a environmental pollution. The utilization of such wastes as carbon sources for production of enzyme with microbial intervention could be an ecofriendly and profitable approach, apart from diminishing the waste load. The present investigation focused on the feasibility of using mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel as substrate for multienzyme production (pectinase, cellulase and amylase) through microbial intervention. Fifteen fungi were isolated from organic waste and screened in vitro their potential of biodegradation of mosambi peel through enzymes production. The best performing isolate was selected and identified as Trichoderma asperellum NG-125 (accession number-MW287256). Conditions viz. temperature, pH, incubation time and nutrient addition were optimized for efficient enzymes production. The maximum enzyme activity (U ml-1 min-1) of pectinase (595.7 ± 2.47), cellulase (497.3 ± 2.06) and amylase (440.9 ± 1.44) were observed at pH 5.5, incubation temperature of 30 °C after 10 days of fermentation. Moreover, macro-nutrients such as ammonium sulfate (0.1%) and potassium-di-hydrogen-ortho-phosphate (0.01%) further also enhanced the production of enzymes. The SDS-PAGE analysis of purified pectinase, cellulase and amylase using showed molecular mass of 43, 66 and 33 kDa, respectively. The enzyme retention activity (ERA) of aforesaid enzymes was also tested with four different natural fiber matrices viz., bagasse, rice husk, paddy straw and wheat straw. Among these, the maximum ERA was observed on bagasse matrix (pectinase-56.35%, cellulose-77.68% and amylase 59.54%). Enzymatic juice clarification yield obtained with test enzyme was 75.8%, as compared to 80.5% of commercial enzyme. The result indicates that T. asperellum may be exploited as multifaceted biocatalysis.
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Jain P, Satapathy T, Pandey RK. First report on efficacy of Citrus limetta seed oil in controlling cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus in red Sahiwal calves. Vet Parasitol 2021; 296:109508. [PMID: 34218174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of Citrus limetta seed oil (CLO) for controlling the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. C. limetta seeds were collected as a waste product from different juice corners. CLO was obtained after extraction of seeds on soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as solvent. It was characterized through Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (GC-HRMS) to determine the presence of active constituents. In vitro bioassays were performed using adult immersion test (AIT) and larval packet test (LPT). In vivo acaricidal efficacy of CLO was performed on red Sahiwal calves using ear bag method. Clinical safety of CLO was evaluated by observing haematological parameters and skin irritancy assay. Results of GC-HRMS showed that mainly fatty acids such as linoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid were present in the CLO. CLO in the concentration of 125 mg/mL (CLO8) exhibited 100 % mortality in both AIT and LPT. CLO significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the number of ticks from 35 to 5.05 and 3.24 on 144 h after treatment with CLO7 and CLO8, respectively. CLO was found clinically safe without producing erythema and edema on skin. Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (11.48 g/100 mL), total leucocytes count (4.32 106/cumm), total erythrocytes count (6.80 106/cumm), and packed cell volume (34.39 %) were normal and controlled. CLO may be used as effective and safe drug therapy for controlling R. microplus ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493111, India.
| | - Trilochan Satapathy
- University College of Pharmacy, Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay Memorial Health Sciences and Ayush, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492001, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 493111, India
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Dalal U, Reddy SN. A novel nano zero-valent iron biomaterial for chromium (Cr 6+ to Cr 3+) reduction. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:10631-10640. [PMID: 30771126 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research work aims to develop a biomaterial entrapped with iron nanoparticles by green synthesis method in which biomass act as both reducing and capping agent. Iron nanoparticles embedded in Citrus limetta peels were characterised using ICP-MS for determination of metal loading, XRD, XPS for crystallinity and oxidation states, TEM followed by FESEM-EDS for particle size and morphology. Sizes of nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 4-70 nm. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of different parameters such as contact time, amount of biomaterial and volume of chromium(VI) solution for 2500 mg L-1 of Cr(VI). Complete reduction was attained for a contact time of 5 min with 1.5 g of biomaterial for initial concentration of 2500 mg L-1. The experimental results inferred that 1 g of biomaterial completely reduced 33 mg of hexavalent Cr to trivalent Cr. XRD and XPS revealed that iron nanoparticles are in amorphous form while XPS confirms Fe0 state. The transition of Fe0 to Fe2+/Fe3+ during the treatment with chromium solution confirms the reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Dalal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India.
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Maurya AK, Mohanty S, Pal A, Chanotiya CS, Bawankule DU. The essential oil from Citrus limetta Risso peels alleviates skin inflammation: In-vitro and in-vivo study. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 212:86-94. [PMID: 29055721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Citrus fruit peels are traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of skin disorders but it lacks proper pharmacological intervention. Citrus limetta Risso (Rutaceae) is an important commercial fruit crops used by juice processing industries in all continents. Ethnopharmacological validation of an essential oil isolated from its peels may play a key role in converting the fruit waste materials into therapeutic value added products. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the chemical and pharmacological (in-vitro and in-vivo) profile of essential oil isolated from Citrus limetta peels (Clp-EO) against skin inflammation for its ethnopharmacological validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydro-distilled essential oil extracted from Citrus limetta peels (Clp-EO) was subjected to gas chromatography (GC) analysis for identification of essential oil constituents and its anti-inflammatory evaluation through in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS Chemical fingerprint of Clp-EO revealed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbon and limonene is the major component. Pre-treatment of Clp-EO to the macrophages was able to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in LPS-induced inflammation as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H2O2-induced oxidative stress. In in-vivo study, topical application of Clp-EO was also able to reduce the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear thickness, ear weight, lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines production and ameliorate the histological damage in the ear tissue. In-vitro and in-vivo toxicity study indicate that it is safe for topical application on skin. CONCLUSION These findings suggested the preventive potential of Clp-EO for the treatment of inflammation linked skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Maurya
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sai Nath University, Ranchi 835219, India
| | - Shilpa Mohanty
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Laboratory of Aromatic Plants and Chiral Separation CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Dnyaneshawar Umrao Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Flores-Fernández JM, Barragán-Álvarez CP, Díaz-Martínez NE, Villanueva-Rodríguez S, Padilla-Camberos E. In vitro and In vivo Postprandial Glycemic Activity of Citrus limetta Peel Flour. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:613-616. [PMID: 29200722 PMCID: PMC5701400 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_158_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies of Citrus spp. peel have shown hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. Citrus limetta has been studied for its therapeutic properties. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a health problem in Mexico and worldwide, that takes a vital importance due to its high incidence. Recently, scientists have searched natural sources to control the disease. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the in vitro hypoglycemic activity and in vivo postprandial glycemic effect of C. limetta peel flour by glucose adsorption and retardation assays as well as postprandial serum glucose levels using a group of female Balb-c mice, respectively. Results: C. limetta peel flour showed a glucose adsorption capacity of 16.58 mM, having a similar effect regarding the positive control. The glucose diffusion in the dialysate was elevated, with a glucose dialysis retardation index of 33.79% in a period of 3 h, showing similar results to positive control. Postprandial serum glucose levels in the animal group treated with C. limetta peel flour showed a glucose level of 41.4 mg/dL, being this value significantly lower than negative control group and similar to positive control. Toxicity tests showed good tolerance to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion: C. limetta peel flour could act as a source of functional compounds for the control of DM. SUMMARY Citrus limetta peel flour showed a glucose adsorption capacity similar to the positive control The glucose diffusion in the dialysate was elevated, showing similar results to positive control Postprandial serum glucose levels in the animal group treated with C. limetta peel flour showed a glucose level significantly lower than negative control group and similar to positive control Toxicity tests showed good tolerance C. limetta peel flour could act as a source of functional compounds for the control of diabetes mellitus.
Abbreviations used: CIATEJ: Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of Jalisco; DM: Diabetes mellitus; FGC: Final glucose concentration; GDRI: Glucose dialysis retardation index; IGC: Initial glucose concentration; OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Flores-Fernández
- División de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias e Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola Sustentable, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Villa Guerrero, La Finca, Villa Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carla Patricia Barragán-Álvarez
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of Jalisco, Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nestor Emmanuel Díaz-Martínez
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of Jalisco, Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Socorro Villanueva-Rodríguez
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of Jalisco, Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of Jalisco, Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 44270 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Gaur KP, Soam K, Gupta SK, Dabral P. Formulation and evaluation of rifampicin sustained release tablets using juice of Citrus limetta as bio-retardant. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:S25-6. [PMID: 23066193 PMCID: PMC3467826 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.94126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The advantages of biopolymers over synthetic polymers are low cost, natural origin, free from side effects, biocompatible, bio-acceptable, environmental friendly processing, local availability, better patient tolerance as well as public acceptance. Sustained release tablets containing rifampicin was prepared by adding 100 mg polymer and 50 mg Drug and Granules. Same procedure was followed with 3% and 5% of polymer for preparation of sustained release tablets. Additional Tablets of 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg were prepared using 5% of the polymer. The results indicated that the selected biopolymer had a good release retardant property thus it can be concluded that the selected biopolymer can be utilized as low cost natural biocompatible and biodegradable agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pawan Gaur
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyani Inder Singh Institute of Professional Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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