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Hamilton J, Jimenez E, Zarei P, Lection J, Sorto R, Hovingh E, Martinez M, Bas S, Barragan AA. Exploring vaginal discharge scoring to assess clinical metritis severity: Comparison between intrauterine dextrose and systemic antibiotics treatments. Vet J 2024; 304:106103. [PMID: 38522779 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess: 1) differences in the metabolic status, systemic inflammation, daily milk yield, and daily rumination time between Holstein dairy cows with different vaginal discharge scores (VDS) in the first 7±3 DIM, and 2) effects of intrauterine dextrose infusion on metabolic status, systemic inflammation, daily milk yield and daily rumination time in dairy cows with VDS4 and VDS5. Cows (n=641) from a farm located in central Pennsylvania were screened at 7±3 DIM (study d 0) to assess vaginal discharge scores. Vaginal discharge was scored using a five-point scale (i.e., 1- clear fluid, 2- <50% white purulent fluid, 3- >50% white purulent fluid, 4- red-brownish fluid without fetid smell, and 5- fetid red-brownish watery fluid). Cows with VDS4 and VDS5 were blocked by parity and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) CONV (VDS4 n=15; VDS5 n= 23): two injections of ceftiofur (per label; 6.6 mg/Kg) 72 h apart; and 2) DEX (VDS4 n=15; VDS5 n=22): three intrauterine infusions of a 50% dextrose solution (1 L/cow) every 24 h. Cows that presented a VDS 1, 2, and 3 were categorized as normal vaginal discharge animals (NOMVDS; n=35) and were randomly selected and matched by parity to CONV and DEX cows. Daily milk yield and rumination time for the first 150 DIM were collected from on-farm computer records. Blood samples were collected to assess haptoglobin (HP) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations at study d 0, d 7, and d 14 relative to enrollment. Subclinical ketosis was defined as having a BHB concentration >1.2 mmol/dL at any of the sampling points. The data were analyzed using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures of SAS as a randomized complete block design. When comparing cows with different VDS (i.e., NOMVDS, VDS4, VDS5) separately, cows with VDS5 had the highest concentration of HP at enrollment compared to cows with VDS4 and NOMVDS; however, cows with VDS4 had higher concentrations of HP compared to cows with NOMVDS. Cows with VDS4 or VDS5 had a higher incidence of subclinical ketosis compared to cows with NOMVDS (p=0.005; VDS4= 62.08±9.16%; VDS5=74.44±6.74%; NOMVDS=34.36±8.53%). Similarly, daily milk yield (p<.0001; VDS4=30.17±1.32 kg/d; VDS5=27.40±1.27 kg/d; NOMVDS=35.14±1.35 kg/d) and daily rumination time (p=0.001; VDS4=490.77±19.44 min; VDS5=465±16.67 min; NOMVDS=558.29±18.80 min) was lower for cows with VDS4 and VDS5 compared to cows with NOMVDS at 7±3 days in milk. When analyzing HP concentration between treatment groups in cows with VDS4 (p=0.70), VDS5 (p=0.25), or VDS4 and VDS5 combined (p=0.31), there was no difference in HP concentration by study d 14 between treatment groups. Interestingly, when only cows with VDS4 were considered for treatment, both treatments, DEX and CONV, increased the daily milk yield to the levels of NOMVDS cows by 14 days in milk. On the other hand, when only cows with VDS5 were considered for treatment, cows treated with DEX produced, on average, 4.48 kg/d less milk in the first 150 days in milk compared to cows treated with CONV or cows that had NOMVDS. Similarly, when cows with either VDS4 or VDS5 were considered for treatment, DEX treatment also impaired milk yield. These results suggest that cows with either VDS 4 or 5 have an altered inflammatory status, and decreased milk yield and rumination compared to cows with NOMVDS. Furthermore, DEX treatment may have similar effects on daily milk yield and metabolic status compared to CONV in cows with VDS4, while DEX is not recommended for cows with VDS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hamilton
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - E Jimenez
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - P Zarei
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J Lection
- Intergraduate Degree Program in Integrative & Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - R Sorto
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - E Hovingh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Martinez
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - S Bas
- Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH Bvd Villa Maria Córdoba Argentina, 5220, Argentina
| | - A A Barragan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Choukeir AI, Kovács L, Szelényi Z, Kézér LF, Albert E, Abdelmegeid MK, Baukje A, Aubin-Wodala M, Buják D, Nagy K, Szenci O. Effect of monitoring the onset of calving by a calving alarm thermometer on the prevalence of dystocia, stillbirth, retained fetal membranes and clinical metritis in a Hungarian dairy farm. Theriogenology 2019; 145:144-148. [PMID: 31735433 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of an intravaginal thermometer in the field prediction of the second stage of labor and to determine its impact on the health of dams and newborn calves. Holstein cows (n = 241) were randomly selected about 5 (mean ± SD: 4.7 ± 2.0) days before the expected date of calving and the thermometer was inserted into the vagina. Another 113 cattle served as controls. There was no false alarm during the experiment. The risk of dystocia (Score >1) was 1.9 times higher, the prevalence of stillbirth was 19.8 times higher, the risk of retained fetal membranes (RFM) was 2.8 times higher and the risk of clinical metritis was 10.5 times higher in the control group than in the experimental group. The prevalence of stillbirth was 7 times higher in cows with dystocia compared to cows with eutocia. The presence of dystocia and stillbirth increased the risk of RFM 4 and 5 times, respectively. The occurrence of RFM increased the risk of development of clinical metritis with a 22 times higher odds. The results indicate that the use of calving alert systems not only facilitates controlling the time of parturition and providing prompt and appropriate calving assistance but also decreases the number of dystocia cases and improves reproductive efficiency, postpartum health of the dam and newborn calf survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ismael Choukeir
- University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Department and Clinic for Production Animals, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szelényi
- University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Department and Clinic for Production Animals, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Luca Fruzsina Kézér
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Ervin Albert
- University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Department and Clinic for Production Animals, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Kamel Abdelmegeid
- University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Department and Clinic for Production Animals, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Andela Baukje
- University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Department and Clinic for Production Animals, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Mária Aubin-Wodala
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Dávid Buják
- University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Department and Clinic for Production Animals, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Department and Clinic for Production Animals, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, H-2225, Üllő - Dóra Major, Hungary.
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