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Qaderi S, Hatami H, Omid AM, Sayad J. Vaginal bleeding as a sign of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever infection: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:76. [PMID: 35189976 PMCID: PMC8862576 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever is a severe vector-borne viral hemorrhagic fever with considerable mortality in humans. This disease is endemic in Afghanistan, and its incidence rate has rapidly increased in recent years. This infection can cause a broad range of hemorrhage manifestations including epistaxis, petechial or purpuric rashes, hematemesis, and melena; however, vaginal bleeding is also reported as a rare manifestation. Case presentation We report the case of a previously healthy 30-year-old Afghan female of shepherding occupation, with a sudden onset of fever, generalized body pain, epistaxis, and vaginal bleeding. She was admitted to the hospital after 7 days of symptom manifestation, with predominant signs being high fever, vaginal bleeding, and elevated liver enzymes. The serological test result for Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever was positive. She was treated with oral ribavirin and discharged with normal parameters. Conclusions People in high-risk professions in endemic areas should be informed that vaginal bleeding is a serious symptom and requires immediate action and, therefore, might be attributed to nongynecologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohra Qaderi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hatami
- Center of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Murad Omid
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Ward, Department of Communicable Disease, Kabul Antani Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Jalal Sayad
- Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Ward, Department of Communicable Disease, Kabul Antani Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Ahmed A, Elduma A, Magboul B, Higazi T, Ali Y. The First Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Greater Darfur, Western Sudan. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:E43. [PMID: 30823624 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti. Dengue fever is a rapidly growing disease with expanding geographical distribution worldwide. We investigated a high number of non-malaria febrile cases reported to health clinics in refugee camps in the five states of Darfur between August 2015 and March 2016. The clinical presentation of cases and case definition criteria suggested involvement of one or more arboviral hemorrhagic fevers. Out of 560 suspected cases, we collected and analyzed 204 blood samples and serologically positive samples were confirmed by PCR. We identified 32 (15.7%) dengue viral infections, six West Nile virus infections, and three Crimean–Congo viral infections. Dengue infections were found in four out of the five Darfur states. We reported the first dengue fever outbreak in the Darfur region. Our results highlight the need for public health education and further molecular, phylogenetic, and entomological investigations for a better understanding of the disease transmission and the associated risk factors in the region.
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Cajimat MNB, Rodriguez SE, Schuster IUE, Swetnam DM, Ksiazek TG, Habela MA, Negredo AI, Estrada-Peña A, Barrett ADT, Bente DA. Genomic Characterization of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Hyalomma Tick from Spain, 2014. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:714-719. [PMID: 28836897 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne disease caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV). Ticks in the genus Hyalomma are the main vectors and reservoirs of CCHFV. In Spain, CCHFV was first detected in Hyalomma ticks from Cáceres in 2010. Subsequently, two autochthonous CCHF cases were reported in August 2016. In this study, we describe the characterization of the CCHFV genome directly from Hyalomma lusitanicum collected in Cáceres in 2014. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a close relationship with clade III strains from West Africa, with an estimated divergence time of 50 years. The results of this work suggest that CCHFV has been circulating in Spain for some time, and most likely originated from West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N B Cajimat
- 1 Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Sergio E Rodriguez
- 1 Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Isolde U E Schuster
- 1 Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Daniele M Swetnam
- 1 Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- 1 Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Miguel A Habela
- 3 Parasitology & Parasitic Diseases, Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura , Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Negredo
- 4 Arbovirus and Imported Viral Diseases Unit, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales , Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Estrada-Peña
- 5 Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- 1 Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas.,2 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Dennis A Bente
- 1 Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
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