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Si YZ, Sun JW, Wan Y, Chen YN, He J, Li WZ, Li DW, Zhu LH. Neofusicoccum cryptomeriae sp. nov. and N. parvum Cause Stem Basal Canker of Cryptomeria japonica in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040404. [PMID: 37108858 PMCID: PMC10145188 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptomeria japonica D. Don is a coniferous tree species widely grown in southern China for its high ornamental value. Recently, during disease surveys in China, a symptom of dieback occurred on C. japonica in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 130 trees were surveyed and more than 90% showed the same symptom. The crowns of affected trees were brown when viewing from a distance, and the bark showed no difference from the healthy ones. In this study, 157 isolates were isolated from the 3 affected plants of C. japonica, and based on the living culture on PDA, the fungal isolates were preliminarily divided into 6 groups. Thirteen representative isolates were selected for the pathogenicity test, and seven of them showed obvious pathogenicity on C. japonica, causing stem basal canker. These isolates were identified based on comparisons of the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) and combined with their morphological characteristics. Results showed that these seven isolates belong to two taxa in Neofusicoccum, including a species new to science. The new species, Neofusicoccum cryptomeriae, was hereby described and illustrated. The other species was N. parvum. Both species were pathogens of stem basal canker of Cryptomeria japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhi Si
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu PIESAT Information Technology Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jian-Wei Sun
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Zhouning County Bureau of Forestry, Ningde 355400, China
| | - Yu Wan
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yi-Na Chen
- Jiangsu PIESAT Information Technology Co., Ltd., Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jiao He
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei-Zheng Li
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, USA
| | - Li-Hua Zhu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Zou G, Wu B, Chen B, Yang Y, Feng Y, Huang J, Liu Y, Murray PJ, Liu W. What Are the Effects of Moso Bamboo Expansion into Japanese Cedar on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Altering the Community Composition Rather than the Diversity. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020273. [PMID: 36836387 PMCID: PMC9967659 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The unbridled expansion of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) occurs throughout the world and has a series of consequences. However, the effect of bamboo expansion on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is still poorly understood. We assessed the changes in the AMF community during bamboo expansion into Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forests by analyzing AMF in three forest types-Japanese cedar (JC), bamboo-cedar mixed (BC) and moso bamboo (MB)-using 454 pyrosequencing technology. We found that the AMF community composition differed significantly among forest types. The relative abundance of Glomerales decreased from 74.0% in JC to 61.8% in BC and 42.5% in MB, whereas the relative abundance of Rhizophagus increased from 24.9% in JC to 35.9% in BC and 56.7% in MB. Further analysis showed that soil characteristics explained only 19.2% of the AMF community variation among forest types. Hence, vegetation is presumably the main driver of the alteration of the AMF community. The α diversity of AMF was similar between JC and MB, although it was higher in BC. Overall, this research sheds more light on AMF community dynamics during moso bamboo expansion. Our results highlight that the consequences of bamboo expansion in monoculture forests differ from those in mixed forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwu Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Positioning Observation Station of Forest Ecosystem in Lushan, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Binsheng Wu
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaying Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Administration of Lushan Natural Reserve, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Administration of Lushan Natural Reserve, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Positioning Observation Station of Forest Ecosystem in Lushan, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Philip J. Murray
- School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester GL7 6JS, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- School of Art and Landscape, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Positioning Observation Station of Forest Ecosystem in Lushan, Jiujiang 332000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18679156807
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Lima A, Arruda F, Janeiro A, Medeiros J, Baptista J, Madruga J, Lima E. Biological activities of organic extracts and specialized metabolites from different parts of Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae) - A critical review. Phytochemistry 2023; 206:113520. [PMID: 36544302 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Forest operations and wood industry generate large amounts of residues that are discarded in the field and cause environmental pollution. However, these biomass residues are still raw materials to obtain value-added products, such as essential oils, organic/aqueous extracts and resins that are among the great natural sources of bioactive metabolites. Thus, in recent years, the scientific community is giving special attention to their valorization. To date, different uses of biomass residues have been proposed, such as a source of renewable energy, fertilizers, animal feed and bioactive molecules. In this context, Cryptomeria japonica biomass residues (e.g., bark and its exudate, heartwood, sapwood, leaves, cones and roots) represent a source of diverse specialized metabolites (e.g., sesqui-, di-, tri- and sesquarterpenes, flavonoids, lignans and norlignans) with potential application in different fields, particularly in the agrochemical, food, cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, phytomedicine and esthetic, due to their valuable multi-bioactivities determined over the last decades. Thus, this review provides an overview of the reported biological activities of organic extracts/fractions and their specialized metabolites obtained from different parts of C. japonica, in order to encourage the alternative uses of C. japonica wastes/byproducts, and implement a sustainable and circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lima
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal
| | - Filipe Arruda
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Janeiro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
| | - Jorge Medeiros
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal; Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal
| | - José Baptista
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal
| | - João Madruga
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Lima
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Azores, Portugal.
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Liu L, Zhu N, Zhou G, Dang P, Yang X, Qiu L, Huang M, Gong Y, Zhao S, Chen J. Response of soil microbial community to plant composition changes in broad-leaved forests of the karst area in Mid-Subtropical China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12739. [PMID: 35282286 PMCID: PMC8908884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth and expansion ofCryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L. f.) D. Don in karst area strongly affects plant composition of native deciduous broad-leaved forest, which seriously threat ecosystem function and service. Given the importance of soil microorganisms in regulating nutrients cycling and plant species coexistence, understanding soil microbial attributes and their relationships with soil and vegetation features in forests harboring different C. japonica abundance will help understanding the drivers of ecosystem function changes. Here we examined the diversity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities and their correlations with plant diversity as well as soil physicochemical properties in karst broad-leaved forests with different relative abundances of C. japonica (i.e., a high, moderate, low and no proportion level with a stem density of 1,487, 538, 156 and 0 plant/hm2, respectively) in Mid-Subtropical China. We found that soil pH decreased while soil water content (SWC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) tended to increase with the increase in C. japonica abundance. In contrast, soil available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) content declined by 26.1%∼49.3% under the high level of C. japonica abundance. A gradual decrease in relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi while a pronounced increase in relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were observed with increase of C. japonica abundance. Alternations in bacterial composition were closely related to changes in AP and AK, while the change of fungal structure was mainly related to SWC, soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH, indicating that bacterial community was sensitive to declines in soil available nutrients and fungal structure was sensitive to changes in soil physicochemical properties (i.e., pH and SWC) and organic carbon resource. Understory plants had the highest α-diversity in forest containing moderate abundance of C. japonica, which might be related to the high bacterial diversity. Our findings suggest conservation of soil bacterial and fungal taxa that are responsible for nutrients availability and carbon sequestration is of great significance for improving the resistance of natural deciduous broad-leaved forests to the rapid spread of C. japonica in karst areas. Moreover, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are potential indicators for soil properties changes, which should be taken into consideration in karst forest managements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Liu
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ninghua Zhu
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Guangyi Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Dang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Liqiong Qiu
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Muyi Huang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yingyun Gong
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Suya Zhao
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China,Jianfengling National Key Field Research Station for Tropical Forest Ecosystem, Hainan Island, China
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Kenzo T, Saito S, Araki MG, Kajimoto T. Vertical distribution of radiocesium concentrations among crown positions and year-to-year variation in four major tree species after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2020; 225:106447. [PMID: 33091659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the distribution of radiocesium (137Cs) among crown positions in trees after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, we collected foliage and branch samples from different crown positions of four major tree species (Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus serrata) from 2011 to 2019 in northeast Japan. We divided the samples into current-year and more than 1-year-old groups (called old foliage and old branches), which sometimes included directly contaminated parts. The 137Cs activity concentration in dry foliage and branches was measured using a germanium semiconductor detector. There were complex differences in the relative 137Cs activity concentration among species and organ types (i.e., foliage and branches) among crown positions. The relative 137Cs activity concentration in current-year foliage was higher in the upper crowns of C. obtusa, but higher in lower crown positions in C. japonica. No differences among crown positions were observed in P. densiflora and Q. serrata. In current-year branches, the relative 137Cs concentration in Q. serrata was similar among crown positions but higher in the upper crown in P. densiflora. The concentrations in old foliage and old branches in all species tended to be higher in the lower crown. The factors causing these interspecific and organ type differences among crown positions may be related to the organ turnover rate, dilution effect due to different growth rates, and potassium distribution within the crown. No year-to-year variation was observed in most foliage and branches in all species, except for current-year branches of Q. serrata, old foliage in C. japonica and P. densiflora, and old branches in P. densiflora. Our long-term data on the interspecific and inter-organ patterns of contamination, focusing on variation among crown positions and year-to-year trends, might help to improve the estimation of 137Cs deposition and dynamics in polluted forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto, 612-0855, Japan
| | - Masatake G Araki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takuya Kajimoto
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, 020-0123, Japan
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Kenzo T, Saito S, Miura S, Kajimoto T, Kobayashi NI, Tanoi K. Seasonal changes in radiocesium and potassium concentrations in current-year shoots of saplings of three tree species in Fukushima, Japan. J Environ Radioact 2020; 223-224:106409. [PMID: 32920309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We studied seasonal changes in radiocesium (137Cs) activity and potassium concentrations in current-year leaves and branches of Pinus densiflora (naturally regenerated saplings), Cryptomeria japonica (planted saplings) and Quercus serrata (planted saplings and coppice shoots) in Fukushima, Japan. We collected current-year shoots from 10 individuals of each species over two growing seasons at intervals of 1-4 months, between June 2016 and December 2017. For the deciduous species Q. serrata, we also collected dead leaves that remained attached to branches in December to investigate reabsorption of 137Cs. All collected shoots were divided into leaves and branches, oven-dried, and ground; dry weights of each sample were recorded. 137Cs activity concentrations were measured using a germanium semiconductor detector. Potassium concentrations were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Increases in dry weight were observed in both leaves and branches between May/June and August; growth then slowed considerably and virtually ceased after October. Clear seasonal changes in 137Cs activity concentrations were observed in both 2016 and 2017, regardless of tree species. Concentrations were higher in young leaves and branches during May and June, then decreased and changed relatively little from August to winter. Reduced 137Cs activity concentrations in dead leaves of Q. serrata were observed only in December 2017 (approximately 15% lower than in October). This reduction may indicate reabsorption of 137Cs in leaves prior to shedding. The changes in potassium concentrations were similar to those in 137Cs in both years. Potassium concentrations were higher in young leaves than in mature leaf and branch samples collected later in the year. A reduction of about 50% in the potassium concentrations in dead leaves of Q. serrata was also observed in December. A positive relationship between 137Cs and potassium concentrations in leaves and branches was observed in all species, except for planted Q. serrata. This relationship may indicate that 137Cs moves in tree shoots with potassium. Leaf and branch weight correlated negatively with 137Cs and potassium concentrations. Reduced concentrations may indicate dilution of these elements as a result of biomass increases over the growing season. Our results imply that irrespective of species, 137Cs exhibits seasonal variations resulting from dilution; these variations correspond with trends in potassium, with higher levels in young organs and decreased levels in older organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaka Kenzo
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kyoto, 612-0855, Japan
| | - Satoru Miura
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takuya Kajimoto
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Morioka, 020-0123, Japan
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
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Hasegawa Y, Ueno S, Wei FJ, Matsumoto A, Ujino-Ihara T, Uchiyama K, Moriguchi Y, Kasahara M, Fujino T, Shigenobu S, Yamaguchi K, Bino T, Hakamata T. Development of diagnostic PCR and LAMP markers for MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1) in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:457. [PMID: 32993771 PMCID: PMC7526249 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to the allergic nature of the pollen of Cryptomeria japonica, the most important Japanese forestry conifer, a pollen-free cultivar is preferred. Mutant trees detected in nature have been used to produce a pollen-free cultivar. In order to reduce the time and cost needed for production and breeding, we aimed to develop simple diagnostic molecular markers for mutant alleles of the causative gene MALE STERILITY 1 (MS1) in C. japonica to rapidly identify pollen-free mutants. RESULTS We developed PCR and LAMP markers to detect mutant alleles and to present experimental options depending on available laboratory equipment. LAMP markers were developed for field stations, where PCR machines are unavailable. The LAMP method only needs heat-blocks or a water bath to perform the isothermal amplification and assay results can be read by the naked eye. Because the causative mutations were deletions, we developed two kinds of PCR markers, amplified length polymorphism (ALP) and allele specific PCR (ASP) markers. These assays can be visualized using capillary or agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hasegawa
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Saneyoshi Ueno
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Fu-Jin Wei
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asako Matsumoto
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tokuko Ujino-Ihara
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchiyama
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Moriguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kasahara
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Takahiro Bino
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Hakamata
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Taniguchi T, Konagaya KI, Nanasato Y. Somatic embryogenesis in artificially pollinated seed families of 2nd generation plus trees and cryopreservation of embryogenic tissue in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Sugi). Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2020; 37:239-245. [PMID: 32821232 PMCID: PMC7434683 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (common name is Sugi or Japanese cedar) is the most important forestation tree species in Japan, and 2nd generation plus trees with superior traits have been selected by breeding projects. Biotechnological approaches such as genetic transformation and genome editing are expected to accelerate to add useful traits (e.g., no-pollen traits) to superior trees in short time. To develop a platform for genetic transformation and genome editing of C. japonica superior trees, this study investigated the embryogenic potential of 2nd generation plus trees and obtained good cell lines with high embryogenic potential, which could be useful material for adding new and useful traits to superior trees by genetic transformation. However, the maintenance of embryogenic cell lines is laborious, and prolonged subculture leads to a loss of embryogenesis potential. Therefore, cell lines need to be cryopreserved for long without subculture. Therefore, in this study we made a simple cryopreservation protocol suitable for most C. japonica cell lines. We showed that cryopreserved cells using this protocol formed somatic embryos, which were then converted to plantlets. Transgenic cells produced from cryopreserved cells expressed transgene, gfp. These results indicated that our cryopreservation protocol can be used for prolonged storage of genetic transformation target materials in C. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Taniguchi
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Konagaya
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nanasato
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
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Konagaya KI, Nanasato Y, Taniguchi T. A protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Japanese cedar, Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) using embryogenic tissue explants. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2020; 37:147-156. [PMID: 32821221 PMCID: PMC7434679 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) is the most important afforestation coniferous tree in Japan. Coniferous trees normally have a long juvenile period and require a long cultivation time for breeding. Through a traditional breeding project that began in the 1950s, first generation plus trees with excellent traits were selected primarily from artificial forests and used as seedlings. Recently, the second generation plus trees obtained by crossing between plus trees have been selected. In light of this situation, the improvement of Sugi by a transgenic approach is effective in terms of shortening the breeding period compared with conventional crossing-dependent approaches. There are three key points to an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system: (1) establishment of explants with high regeneration ability, (2) optimal co-cultivation conditions for explants and Agrobacterium, and (3) efficient elimination of Agrobacterium. Here we describe a protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Sugi that meets the above criteria using embryogenic tissues as explants isolated from immature seeds obtained by crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Konagaya
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nanasato
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | - Toru Taniguchi
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
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Ujino-Ihara T. Transcriptome analysis of heat stressed seedlings with or without pre-heat treatment in Cryptomeria japonica. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:1163-72. [PMID: 32472284 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
With global warming as a major environment concern over the coming years, heat tolerance is an important trait for forest tree survival during the predicted future warmer weather conditions. Cryptomeria japonica is a coniferous species widely distributed throughout Japan, and thus, can adapt to a wide range of air temperatures. To elucidate genes involved in heat response in Cryptomeria japonica, transcriptome analysis was conducted for seedlings under heat shock conditions. To test whether heat acclimation affects levels of gene expression, half of the seedlings were pretreated with moderately high temperatures prior to heat shock. De novo assembly of the transcriptome generated 107,924 unigenes and the analysis of differentially expressed genes was conducted using these unigenes. A total of 5217 differentially expressed genes were identified. Most genes upregulated by heat shock, regardless of pre-heat treatment, were conserved to heat response genes of angiosperm species, such as heat shock factors (Hsf) and heat shock proteins (Hsp). Pre-heating of seedlings affected expression levels of several Hsfs and their induction was lower in pre-heated seedlings than in seedlings without pre-heat treatment. This suggests a conserved role of Hsfs in heat response and heat acclimation in seed plants. On the other hand, many unknown genes were upregulated in only seedlings without pre-heat treatment after heat exposure. Notably, expression of gypsy/Ty3 type retrotransposons was dramatically induced. These findings provide valuable information to develop a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of heat response and acclimation in C. japonica.
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Simoneit BRT, Otto A, Oros DR, Kusumoto N. Terpenoids of the Swamp Cypress Subfamily (Taxodioideae), Cupressaceae, an Overview by GC-MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173036. [PMID: 31438610 PMCID: PMC6751496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The resins bled from stems and in seed cones and leaves of Cryptomeria japonica, Glyptostrobus pensilis, Taxodium distichum, and T. mucronatum were characterized to provide an overview of their major natural product compositions. The total solvent extract solutions were analyzed as the free and derivatized products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the compounds, which comprised minor mono- and sesquiterpenoids, and dominant di- and triterpenoids, plus aliphatic lipids (e.g., n-nonacosan-10-ol). Ferruginol, 7α-p-cymenylferruginol, and chamaecydin were the major characteristic markers for the Taxodioideae conifer subfamily. The mass spectrometric data can aid polar compound elucidation in environmental, geological, archeological, forensic and pharmaceutical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd R T Simoneit
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Angelika Otto
- Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Sektion Paläobotanik, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel R Oros
- Consultant, 72 Marina Lakes Drive, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Norihisa Kusumoto
- Wood Extractive Laboratory, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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Chang CI, Chen CC, Chen CR, Wu MD, Cheng MJ, Sung PJ, Kuo YH. Bioactive Dimeric Abietanoid Peroxides from the Bark of Cryptomeria japonica. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112178. [PMID: 31185647 PMCID: PMC6600475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new dimeric abietane-type diterpenoids, abieta-6,8,11,13-tetraen-12-yl 12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7α-yl peroxide (1), abieta-6,8,11,13-tetraen-12-yl 12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7β-yl peroxide (2), and 12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7β-yl 7-oxoabieta-5,8,11,13-tetraen-12-yl peroxide (3), together with four known abietane-type diterpenoids (4–7) were isolated from the methanol extract of the bark of Cryptomeria japonica. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison of NMR data with those of known analogues. At a concentration of 50 μM, compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed 26.2%, 23.6%, and 35.7% inhibition towards xanthine oxidase enzyme, respectively. In addition, compound 3 also showed 24.9% inhibition toward angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Active Natural Products Development, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Der Wu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Jen Cheng
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute (FIRDI), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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13
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Fukuda Y, Hirao T, Mishima K, Ohira M, Hiraoka Y, Takahashi M, Watanabe A. Transcriptome dynamics of rooting zone and aboveground parts of cuttings during adventitious root formation in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:201. [PMID: 30231856 PMCID: PMC6148763 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious root formation is an essential physiological process for successful propagation of cuttings in various plant species. Because coniferous species are highly heterozygous, propagation of cuttings is of great practical use in breeding. Although various factors influence adventitious root formation, little is known of the associated regulatory mechanisms. Whereas adventitious roots generally form from the base of cuttings, this process is accompanied by physiological changes in leaves, which supply assimilates and metabolites. Herein, we present microarray analyses of transcriptome dynamics during adventitious root formation in whole cuttings in the coniferous species, Cryptomeria japonica. RESULTS Temporal patterns of gene expression were determined in the base, the middle, and needles of cuttings at eight time points during adventitious root formation. Global gene expression at the base had diverged from that in the middle by 3-h post-insertion, and changed little in the subsequent 3-days post-insertion, and global gene expression in needles altered characteristically at 3- and 6-weeks post-insertion. In Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of major gene clusters based on hierarchical clustering, the expression profiles of genes related to carbohydrates, plant hormones, and other categories indicated multiple biological changes that were involved in adventitious root formation. CONCLUSIONS The present comprehensive transcriptome analyses indicate major transcriptional turning and contribute to the understanding of the biological processes and molecular factors that influence adventitious root formation in C. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fukuda
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirao
- Forest Bio-research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Kentaro Mishima
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Mineko Ohira
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hiraoka
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301 Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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14
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Hiraoka Y, Fukatsu E, Mishima K, Hirao T, Teshima KM, Tamura M, Tsubomura M, Iki T, Kurita M, Takahashi M, Watanabe A. Potential of Genome-Wide Studies in Unrelated Plus Trees of a Coniferous Species, Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese Cedar). Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1322. [PMID: 30254658 PMCID: PMC6141754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on more than 30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in unrelated first-generation plus tree genotypes from three populations of Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica D. Don with genomic prediction for traits of growth, wood properties and male fecundity. Among the assessed populations, genetic characteristics including the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic structure differed and these differences are considered to be due to differences in genetic background. Through population-independent GWAS, several significant SNPs found close to the regions associated with each of these traits and shared in common across the populations were identified. The accuracies of genomic predictions were dependent on the traits and populations and reflected the genetic architecture of traits and genetic characteristics. Prediction accuracies using SNPs selected based on GWAS results were similar to those using all SNPs for several combinations of traits and populations. We discussed the application of genome-wide studies for C. japonica improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hiraoka
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Eitaro Fukatsu
- Kyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mishima
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirao
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
| | | | - Miho Tamura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyoko Tsubomura
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Taiichi Iki
- Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Takizawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Kurita
- Kyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan
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Mochizuki T, Amagai T, Tani A. Effects of soil water content and elevated CO 2 concentration on the monoterpene emission rate of Cryptomeria japonica. Sci Total Environ 2018; 634:900-908. [PMID: 29660884 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes emitted from plants contribute to the formation of secondary pollution and affect the climate system. Monoterpene emission rates may be affected by environmental changes such as increasing CO2 concentration caused by fossil fuel burning and drought stress induced by climate change. We measured monoterpene emissions from Cryptomeria japonica clone saplings grown under different CO2 concentrations (control: ambient CO2 level, elevated CO2: 1000μmolmol-1). The saplings were planted in the ground and we did not artificially control the SWC. The relationship between the monoterpene emissions and naturally varying SWC was investigated. The dominant monoterpene was α-pinene, followed by sabinene. The monoterpene emission rates were exponentially correlated with temperature for all measurements and normalized (35°C) for each measurement day. The daily normalized monoterpene emission rates (Es0.10) were positively and linearly correlated with SWC under both control and elevated CO2 conditions (control: r2=0.55, elevated CO2: r2=0.89). The slope of the regression line of Es0.10 against SWC was significantly higher under elevated CO2 than under control conditions (ANCOVA: P<0.01), indicating that the effect of CO2 concentration on monoterpene emission rates differed by soil water status. The monoterpene emission rates estimated by considering temperature and SWC (Improved G93 algorithm) better agreed with the measured monoterpene emission rates, when compared with the emission rates estimated by considering temperature alone (G93 algorithm). Our results demonstrated that the combined effects of SWC and CO2 concentration are important for controlling the monoterpene emissions from C. japonica clone saplings. If these relationships can be applied to the other coniferous tree species, our results may be useful to improve accuracy of monoterpene emission estimates from the coniferous forests as affected by climate change in the present and foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Mochizuki
- School of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Amagai
- School of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Tani
- School of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Takashima T, Numata T, Taira T, Fukamizo T, Ohnuma T. Structure and Enzymatic Properties of a Two-Domain Family GH19 Chitinase from Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) Pollen. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:5699-5706. [PMID: 29756783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CJP-4 is an allergen found in pollen of the Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica. The protein is a two-domain family GH19 (class IV) Chitinase consisting of an N-terminal CBM18 domain and a GH19 catalytic domain. Here, we produced recombinant CJP-4 and CBM18-truncated CJP-4 (CJP-4-Cat) proteins. In addition to solving the crystal structure of CJP-4-Cat by X-ray crystallography, we analyzed the ability of both proteins to hydrolyze chitin oligosaccharides, (GlcNAc) n, polysaccharide substrates, glycol chitin, and β-chitin nanofiber and examined their inhibitory activity toward fungal growth. Truncation of the CBM18 domain did not significantly affect the mode of (GlcNAc) n hydrolysis. However, significant effects were observed when we used the polysaccharide substrates. The activity of CJP-4 toward the soluble substrate, glycol chitin, was lower than that of CJP-4-Cat. In contrast, CJP-4 exhibited higher activity toward β-chitin nanofiber, an insoluble substrate, than did CJP-4-Cat. Fungal growth was strongly inhibited by CJP-4 but not by CJP-4-Cat. These results indicate that the CBM18 domain assists the hydrolysis of insoluble substrate and the antifungal action of CJP-4-Cat by binding to chitin. CJP-4-Cat was found to have only two loops (loops I and III), as reported for ChiA, an allergenic class IV Chitinase from maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Takashima
- Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , 3327-204 Nakamachi , Nara 631-8505 , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Numata
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan , and
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa 903-0213 , Japan
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , 3327-204 Nakamachi , Nara 631-8505 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , 3327-204 Nakamachi , Nara 631-8505 , Japan
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Mishima K, Hirao T, Tsubomura M, Tamura M, Kurita M, Nose M, Hanaoka S, Takahashi M, Watanabe A. Identification of novel putative causative genes and genetic marker for male sterility in Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica D.Don). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:277. [PMID: 29685102 PMCID: PMC5914023 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4581-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) is an important tree for Japanese forestry. Male-sterile marker development in Japanese cedar would facilitate selection of male-sterile plus trees, addressing the widespread social problem of pollinosis and facilitating the identification of heterozygotes, which are useful for breeding. Results This study used next-generation sequencing for single-nucleotide polymorphism discovery in libraries constructed from several organs, including male-sterile and male-fertile strobili. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms obtained were used to construct a high-density linkage map, which enabled identification of a locus on linkage group 9 strongly correlated with male-sterile trait. Expressed sequence tags corresponding to 11 marker loci from 5 isotigs were associated with this locus within 33.4-34.5 cM. These marker loci explained 100% of the phenotypic variation. Several homologs of these sequences are associated with male sterility in rice or Arabidopsis, including a pre-mRNA splicing factor, a DEAD-box protein, a glycosyl hydrolase, and a galactosyltransferase. These proteins are thus candidates for the causal male-sterile gene at the ms-1 locus. After we used a SNaPshot assay to develop markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS), we tested F2 progeny between male-sterile and wild-type plus trees to validate the markers and extrapolated the testing to a larger plus-tree population. We found that two developed from one of the candidates for the causal gene were suitable for MAS. Conclusions More than half of the ESTs and SNPs we collected were new, enlarging the genomic basis for genetic research on Japanese cedar. We developed two SNP markers aimed at MAS that distinguished individuals carrying the male-sterile trait with 100% accuracy, as well as individuals heterozygous at the male-sterile locus, even outside the mapping population. These markers should enable practical MAS for conifer breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4581-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mishima
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirao
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Miyoko Tsubomura
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Miho Tamura
- Department of Forest Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Manabu Kurita
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Mine Nose
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - So Hanaoka
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Forest Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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Abstract
Background Wood is a valuable material for interiors, and the psychophysiological relaxation effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood chips and essential oils have been reported. However, few studies have identified the odors in full-scale wooden environment, and also, differences in gender have not been clarified. In this study, we aimed to confirm the effects of VOCs emitted from interior wood walls in both human male and female participants. Methods We used Japanese cedar timber and analyzed VOCs in the experimental rooms with and without Japanese cedar timber by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The physiological effects were measured using neuroendocrinological and immunological parameters in saliva. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the subjective responses to each odor in the experimental rooms. Results The main compound emitted from Japanese cedar timber was δ-cadinene, and the total volume of VOCs in the wood condition (presence of VOCs emitted from Japanese cedar) was 282.4 (μg/m3). Significant differences between genders in salivary parameters were shown that there were decreases of α-amylase in wood condition and increases of cortisol in the control (absence of VOCs) condition in female participants compared to male participants. The results demonstrated that VOCs in the experimental room with Japanese cedar timber tend to suppress the activation of the sympathetic nervous activity and non-VOCs of Japanese cedar in the control room increase cortisol in female participants. Conclusions These results suggest that an indoor environment with wood interior materials has the potential to be useful for health management, especially women’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Matsubara
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Kawai
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, 1 Nakaadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8306, Japan
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Ohashi S, Kuroda K, Takano T, Suzuki Y, Fujiwara T, Abe H, Kagawa A, Sugiyama M, Kubojima Y, Zhang C, Yamamoto K. Temporal trends in 137Cs concentrations in the bark, sapwood, heartwood, and whole wood of four tree species in Japanese forests from 2011 to 2016. J Environ Radioact 2017; 178-179:335-342. [PMID: 28965024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To understand the changes in radiocesium (137Cs) concentrations in stem woods after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, we investigated 137Cs concentrations in the bark, sapwood, heartwood, and whole wood of four major tree species at multiple sites with different levels of radiocesium deposition from the FDNPP accident since 2011 (since 2012 at some sites): Japanese cedar at four sites, hinoki cypress and Japanese konara oak at two sites, and Japanese red pine at one site. Our previous report on 137Cs concentrations in bark and whole wood samples collected from 2011 to 2015 suggested that temporal variations were different among sites even within the same species. In the present study, we provided data on bark and whole wood samples in 2016 and separately measured 137Cs concentrations in sapwood and heartwood samples from 2011 to 2016; we further discussed temporal trends in 137Cs concentrations in each part of tree stems, particularly those in 137Cs distributions between sapwood and heartwood, in relation to their species and site dependencies. Temporal trends in bark and whole wood samples collected from 2011 to 2016 were consistent with those reported in samples collected from 2011 to 2015. Temporal variations in 137Cs concentrations in barks showed either a decreasing trend or no clear trend, implying that 137Cs deposition in barks is inhomogeneous and that decontamination is relatively slow in some cases. Temporal trends in 137Cs concentrations in sapwood, heartwood, and whole wood were different among species and also among sites within the same species. Relatively common trends within the same species, which were increasing, were observed in cedar heartwood, and in oak sapwood and whole wood. On the other hand, the ratio of 137Cs concentration in heartwood to that in sapwood (fresh weight basis) was commonly increased to more than 2 in cedar, although distinct temporal trends were not found in the other species, for which the ratio was around 1 in cypress and pine and below 0.5 in oak, suggesting that 137Cs transfer from sapwood to heartwood shows species dependency. Consequently, the species dependency of 137Cs transfer within the tree appears easily, while that from the environment to the trees can be masked by various factors. Thus, prediction of 137Cs concentrations in stem wood should be carried out carefully as it still requires investigations at multiple sites with a larger sample size and an understanding of the species-specific 137Cs transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Ohashi
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Katsushi Kuroda
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takano
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan; Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Youki Suzuki
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujiwara
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hisashi Abe
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Akira Kagawa
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Masaki Sugiyama
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubojima
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Wood Properties and Processing, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Center for Forest Restoration and Radioecology, FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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Hiraoka Y, Iki T, Nose M, Tobita H, Yazaki K, Watanabe A, Fujisawa Y, Kitao M. Species characteristics and intraspecific variation in growth and photosynthesis of Cryptomeria japonica under elevated O3 and CO2. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:733-743. [PMID: 28369644 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to predict the effects of future atmospheric conditions on forest productivity, it is necessary to clarify the physiological responses of major forest tree species to high concentrations of ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Furthermore, intraspecific variation of these responses should also be examined in order to predict productivity gains through tree improvements in the future. We investigated intraspecific variation in growth and photosynthesis of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, a major silviculture species in Japan, in response to elevated concentrations of O3 (eO3) and CO2 (eCO2), separately and in combination. Cuttings of C. japonica were grown and exposed to two levels of O3 (ambient and twice-ambient levels) in combination with two levels of CO2 (ambient and 550 µmol mol-1 in the daytime) for two growing seasons in a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment. There was no obvious negative effect of eO3 on growth or photosynthetic traits of the C. japonica clones, but a positive effect was observed for annual height increments in the first growing season. Dry mass production and the photosynthetic rate increased under eCO2 conditions, while the maximum carboxylation rate decreased. Significant interaction effects of eO3 and eCO2 on growth and photosynthetic traits were not observed. Clonal effects on growth and photosynthetic traits were significant, but the interactions between clones and O3 and/or CO2 treatments were not. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between growth traits under ambient conditions and for each treatment were significantly positive, implying that clonal ranking in growth abilities might not be affected by either eO3 or eCO2. The knowledge obtained from this study will be helpful for species selection in afforestation programs, to continue and to improve current programs involving this species, and to accurately predict the CO2 fixation capacity of Japanese forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hiraoka
- Forest Tree Breeding Center (FTBC), Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Juo-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | - Taiichi Iki
- Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, FTBC, FFPRI, 95 Osaki, Takizawa, Iwate 020-0621, Japan
| | - Mine Nose
- Forest Tree Breeding Center (FTBC), Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 3809-1 Ishi, Juo-cho, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | | | | | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Fujisawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, FFPRI, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
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21
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Aoki D, Asai R, Tomioka R, Matsushita Y, Asakura H, Tabuchi M, Fukushima K. Translocation of 133Cs administered to Cryptomeria japonica wood. Sci Total Environ 2017; 584-585:88-95. [PMID: 28135617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the in planta behaviour of caesium (Cs), the stable isotope 133Cs was administered into 3-year-old Cryptomeria japonica seedlings by the application of 133CsCl aqueous solution to the bark surface. The administered 133Cs was quantified by ICP-MS measurements, which showed transportation of 133Cs in an ascending direction in the stem. Distribution of 133Cs was visualized using freeze-fixed C. japonica woody stem samples and cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM) analysis. Cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM visualization suggested that 133Cs was rapidly transported radially by ray parenchyma cells followed by axial transportation by pith and axial parenchyma cells. Adsorption experiments using powdered C. japonica wood samples and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis suggested that 133Cs was in the hydrated state following its deposition into tracheid cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Aoki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Ryutaro Asai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rie Tomioka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matsushita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Asakura
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan; Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masao Tabuchi
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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22
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Takashima T, Ohnuma T, Fukamizo T. NMR assignments and ligand-binding studies on a two-domain family GH19 chitinase allergen from Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) pollen. Biomol NMR Assign 2017; 11:85-90. [PMID: 28032262 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-016-9725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A two-domain family GH19 chitinase from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen, CJP-4, which consists of an N-terminal CBM18 domain and a GH19 catalytic domain, is known to be an important allergen, that causes pollinosis. We report here the resonance assignments of the NMR spectrum of CJP-4. The backbone resonances were almost completely assigned, and the secondary structure was estimated based on the chemical shift values. The addition of a chitin dimer to the enzyme solution perturbed the chemical shifts of the resonances of amino acid residues forming a long extended binding site spanning from the CBM18 domain to the GH19 catalytic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Takashima
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.
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Abstract
The aim of this survey was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) of five conifers acclimated in Corsica by GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR. L. decidua needle and wood EOs contained as majors components: α- and β-pinenes, germacrene D (needles) and bornyl acetate (wood). The EOs of needles, wood and cones of P. menziesii were characterised by β- and α-pinenes, terpinen-4-ol, sabinene, terpinolene (needles and wood), Δ-3-carene (wood) and limonene (cones). Needles and wood EOs of P. ponderosa contained as major components: β- and α-pinenes, Δ-3-carene (wood) and estragole (needles). S. giganteum EOs of foliage and wood were rather similar and dominated by α-pinene, and safrole. The EOs of leaf, wood and cones from C. japonica were very similar, and exhibited α-pinene, sabinene, β-elemol and kaurene as major constituents. It appeared that EO compositions of some species were different from reported literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Garcia
- a UMR 6134 SPE , Équipe Chimie et Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS , Ajaccio , France
| | - Adrien Garcia
- a UMR 6134 SPE , Équipe Chimie et Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS , Ajaccio , France
| | - Marc Gibernau
- a UMR 6134 SPE , Équipe Chimie et Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS , Ajaccio , France
| | - Ange Bighelli
- a UMR 6134 SPE , Équipe Chimie et Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS , Ajaccio , France
| | - Félix Tomi
- a UMR 6134 SPE , Équipe Chimie et Biomasse, Université de Corse-CNRS , Ajaccio , France
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Hishi T, Tateno R, Fukushima K, Fujimaki R, Itoh M, Tokuchi N, Näsholm T. Changes in the anatomy, morphology and mycorrhizal infection of fine root systems of Cryptomeria japonica in relation to stand ageing. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:61-70. [PMID: 28173583 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomass allocation to fine roots often increases under soil nutrient deficiency, but the fine root biomass does not often increase in old stands, even under nutrient limitation. Therefore, in old stands, the morphology, anatomy, branching architecture and mycorrhization of fine roots may compensate efficiently for nutrient acquisition by the low fine root biomass. In this study, changes in the morphology, anatomy and arbuscular mycorrhizal infection at each branching position of fine root clusters were evaluated in relation to stand age. A chronosequence (6–90 years of age) of stands in a Cryptomeria japonica D. Don plantation was used for these analyses. The fine root size parameters, such as length, weight and tip numbers of fine root clusters, increased with stand age. The specific root tip length (SRTL) decreased with increasing stand age, suggesting that the allocation to root active portions decreased with stand age. From the anatomical observation, the ephemeral root tips increased with stand age, suggesting that root tip turnover within a root cluster was high in old stands. The proportions of proto-xylem groups among branching positions indicated that the life cycles in branching hierarchy should be clearer in old stands than that in younger stands. The increasing in the mycorrhizal infection of root tips in old stands should enhance the root tip absorptive functions. The SRTL was correlated with the wood/needle ratio, suggesting that carbon limitation as the stand ages may result in decline of carbon allocation to maintain active root tips. However, increasing of the ephemeral tips and mycorrhizal infection rates may compensate the declines of tip allocation in old stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Hishi
- Shiiba Research Forest, Kyushu University,Ohkawauchi, Shiiba-son, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Tateno
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto , Japan
| | - Keitaro Fukushima
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto , Japan
- Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 11-Minamiohsawa, Hachijoji , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiji Fujimaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University,Nishikawazu-cho, Matsue , Shimane, Japan
| | - Masami Itoh
- OYO Corporation, Tagawa-Kita, Yodogawa-ku , Osaka , Japan
| | - Naoko Tokuchi
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto , Japan
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Matsubara E, Tsunetsugu Y, Ohira T, Sugiyama M. Essential Oil of Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) Wood Increases Salivary Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels after Monotonous Work. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14010097. [PMID: 28117719 PMCID: PMC5295347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Employee problems arising from mental illnesses have steadily increased and become a serious social problem in recent years. Wood is a widely available plant material, and knowledge of the psychophysiological effects of inhalation of woody volatile compounds has grown considerably. In this study, we established an experimental method to evaluate the effects of Japanese cedar wood essential oil on subjects performing monotonous work. Two experiment conditions, one with and another without diffusion of the essential oil were prepared. Salivary stress markers were determined during and after a calculation task followed by distribution of questionnaires to achieve subjective odor assessment. We found that inhalation of air containing the volatile compounds of Japanese cedar wood essential oil increased the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-s). Slight differences in the subjective assessment of the odor of the experiment rooms were observed. The results of the present study indicate that the volatile compounds of Japanese cedar wood essential oil affect the endocrine regulatory mechanism to facilitate stress responses. Thus, we suggest that this essential oil can improve employees’ mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Matsubara
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Yuko Tsunetsugu
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Tatsuro Ohira
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
| | - Masaki Sugiyama
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
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26
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Takikawa Y, Matsuda Y, Nonomura T, Kakutani K, Kusakari SI, Toyoda H. An Electrostatic-Barrier-Forming Window that Captures Airborne Pollen Grains to Prevent Pollinosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:E82. [PMID: 28098835 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An electrostatic-barrier-forming window (EBW) was devised to capture airborne pollen, which can cause allergic pollinosis. The EBW consisted of three layers of insulated conductor wires (ICWs) and two voltage generators that supplied negative charges to the two outer ICW layers and a positive charge to the middle ICW layer. The ICWs generated an attractive force that captured pollen of the Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, from air blown through the EBW. The attractive force was directly proportional to the applied voltage. At ≥3.5 kV, the EBW exerted sufficient force to capture all pollen carried at an air flow of 3 m/s, and pollen-free air passed through the EBW. The findings demonstrated that the electrostatic barrier that formed inside the EBW was very effective at capturing airborne pollen; thus, it could allow a home to remain pollen-free and healthy despite continuous pollen exposure.
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Hashida SN, Yoshihara T. Disparate radiocesium leaching from two woody species by acceleration of litter decomposition using microbial inoculation. J Environ Radioact 2016; 162-163:319-327. [PMID: 27323212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies focusing on the migration of radionuclides in the forest floor have demonstrated that the ecological half-life of radiocesium on organic layer containing the debris of plant litter with various fungi and microorganisms is shorter than that in the deeper soil zone, suggesting that the litter decomposition affects radiocesium mobilization. Here, we showed the involvement of lignin, one of the major cell wall components of plant litter, in the fate of contaminated radiocesium during the process of fungal litter decomposition. In this study, litter decomposition of two different woody species, broadleaf deciduous Japanese cherry consisted of hardwood lignin and coniferous evergreen Japanese cedar with softwood lignin, were accelerated by in vitro fungal inoculation. In vitro inoculation exhibited 1.93- to 2.59-times faster decomposition than field experiment. Then, the cherry litter lost approximately 25% of initially contaminated radiocesium within 1 month of in vitro decomposition, whereas the cedar litter kept initial level at least for 6 month. The retention of radiocesium correlated with thioglycolate lignin content in cedar litter but not in cherry litter. Consequently, the behavior of radiocesium contaminated in litter fall may vary depending on the contamination pathway or the manner of nutrient mobilization at the stage of abscission between evergreen and deciduous trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Nosuke Hashida
- Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Environmental Science, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Abiko 1646, Abiko-shi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Yoshihara
- Plant Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Environmental Science, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Abiko 1646, Abiko-shi, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Nakaba S, Yamane K, Fukahori M, Nugroho WD, Yamaguchi M, Kuroda K, Sano Y, Wuled Lenggoro I, Izuta T, Funada R. Effect of epicuticular wax crystals on the localization of artificially deposited sub-micron carbon-based aerosols on needles of Cryptomeria japonica. J Plant Res 2016; 129:873-881. [PMID: 27294967 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanism of adsorption of particles suspended in the gas-phase (aerosol) to the outer surfaces of leaves provides useful information for understanding the mechanisms of the effect of aerosol particles on the growth and physiological functions of trees. In the present study, we examined the localization of artificially deposited sub-micron-sized carbon-based particles on the surfaces of needles of Cryptomeria japonica, a typical Japanese coniferous tree species, by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The clusters (aggregates) of carbon-based particles were deposited on the needle surface regions where epicuticular wax crystals were sparsely distributed. By contrast, no clusters of the particles were found on the needle surface regions with dense distribution of epicuticular wax crystals. Number of clusters of carbon-based particles per unit area showed statistically significant differences between regions with sparse epicuticular wax crystals and those with dense epicuticular wax crystals. These results suggest that epicuticular wax crystals affect distribution of carbon-based particles on needles. Therefore, densely distributed epicuticular wax crystals might prevent the deposition of sub-micron-sized carbon-based particles on the surfaces of needles of Cryptomeria japonica to retain the function of stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakaba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamane
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mie Fukahori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Widyanto Dwi Nugroho
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kuroda
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yuzou Sano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - I Wuled Lenggoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryo Funada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Kanasashi T, Takenaka C, Sugiura Y. Inferring the chemical form of 137Cs deposited by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident by measuring (137)Cs incorporated into needle leaves and male cones of Japanese cedar trees. Sci Total Environ 2016; 553:643-649. [PMID: 26990074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the water-soluble (ionic) and water-insoluble (stable) radiocesium from the initial fallout of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident was distributed in various proportions in the surrounding areas and that this distribution was reflected in the trees that suffered deposition from the initial fallout. This study attempted to evaluate local variations in the chemical form of (137)Cs derived from the initial fallout of the FDNPP accident and whether its chemical form affected the radiocesium concentration in the tissues currently growing in trees, even after the initial fallout ceased. For these estimations, the ratio between the (137)Cs concentration in Cryptomeria japonica needle leaves in the tree crown, which existed before the FDNPP accident and subsequently directly exposed to the initial fallout ((137)Cs pre-accident N), and the amount of (137)Cs in the initial fallout itself ((137)Cs fallout) was determined ((137)Cs pre-accident N/(137)Cs fallout) at 66 sites. In addition, the (137)Cs ratios between the male cones produced in 2012 ((137)Cs male cone) and needle leaves that had elongated in the spring of 2011 ((137)Cs 2011N) was determined at 82 sites ((137)Cs male cone/(137) Cs 2011N). Most of the sites with lower (137)Cs pre-accident N /(137)Cs fallout ratios were distributed in eastern Fukushima, relatively close to the Pacific Ocean coastline. Lower (137)Cs pre-accident N/(137)Cs fallout and higher (137)Cs malecone/(137)Cs 2011N were found to be associated with higher proportions of (137)Cs in ionic forms. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis, and likely reflect regional variations in the chemical form of the deposited radiocesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Kanasashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Chisato Takenaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 765-1 Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1184, Japan
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30
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Nakaba S, Arakawa I, Morimoto H, Nakada R, Bito N, Imai T, Funada R. Agatharesinol biosynthesis-related changes of ray parenchyma in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica during cell death. Planta 2016; 243:1225-36. [PMID: 26895336 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The work demonstrates a relationship between the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite, agatharesinol, and cytological changes that occur in ray parenchyma during cell death in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica under humidity-regulated conditions. To characterize the death of ray parenchyma cells that accompanies the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, we examined cell death in sapwood sticks of Cryptomeria japonica under humidity-regulated conditions. We monitored features of ray parenchyma cells, such as viability, the morphology of nuclei and vacuoles, and the amount of starch grains. In addition, we analyzed levels of agatharesinol, a heartwood norlignan, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the same sapwood sticks. Dramatic changes in the amount of starch grains and in the level of agatharesinol occurred simultaneously. Therefore, the biosynthesis of agatharesinol appeared to originate from the breakdown of starch. Furthermore, we observed the expansion of vacuoles in ray parenchyma cells prior to other cytological changes at the final stage of cell death. In our experimental system, we were able to follow the process of cell death and to demonstrate relationships between cytological changes and the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite during the death of ray parenchyma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakaba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Izumi Arakawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hikaru Morimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryogo Nakada
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Hokkaido Regional Breeding Office, 561-1 Bunkyodai-midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-0836, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Bito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takanori Imai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryo Funada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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31
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Yoshinaga A, Kamitakahara H, Takabe K. Distribution of coniferin in differentiating normal and compression woods using MALDI mass spectrometric imaging coupled with osmium tetroxide vapor treatment. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:643-52. [PMID: 26507270 PMCID: PMC4886284 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI) was employed to detect monolignol glucosides in differentiating normal and compression woods of two Japanese softwoods, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica Comparison of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry collision-induced dissociation fragmentation analysis and structural time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF CID-FAST) spectra between coniferin and differentiating xylem also confirmed the presence of coniferin in differentiating xylem. However, as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and MALDI-TOF CID-FAST spectra of sucrose were similar to those of coniferin, it was difficult to distinguish the distribution of coniferin and sucrose using MALDI-MSI and collision-induced dissociation measurement only. To solve this problem, osmium tetroxide vapor was applied to sections of differentiating xylem. This vapor treatment caused peak shifts corresponding to the introduction of two hydroxyl groups to the C=C double bond in coniferin. The treatment did not cause a peak shift for sucrose, and therefore was effective in distinguishing coniferin and sucrose. Thus, it was found that MALDI-MSI combined with osmium tetroxide vapor treatment is a useful method to detect coniferin in differentiating xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamitakahara
- Laboratory of The Chemistry of Biomaterials, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Takabe
- Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Tsubomura M, Kurita M, Watanabe A. Determination of male strobilus developmental stages by cytological and gene expression analyses in Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica). Tree Physiol 2016; 36:653-666. [PMID: 26917703 PMCID: PMC4886286 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that control male strobilus development in conifers are largely unknown because the developmental stages and related genes have not yet been characterized. The determination of male strobilus developmental stages will contribute to genetic research and reproductive biology in conifers. Our objectives in this study were to determine the developmental stages of male strobili by cytological and transcriptome analysis, and to determine the stages at which aberrant morphology is observed in a male-sterile mutant of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don to better understand the molecular mechanisms that control male strobilus and pollen development. Male strobilus development was observed for 8 months, from initiation to pollen dispersal. A set of 19,209 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) collected from a male reproductive library and a pollen library was used for microarray analysis. We divided male strobilus development into 10 stages by cytological and transcriptome analysis. Eight clusters (7324 ESTs) exhibited major changes in transcriptome profiles during male strobili and pollen development in C. japonica Two clusters showed a gradual increase and decline in transcript abundance, respectively, while the other six clusters exhibited stage-specific changes. The stages at which the male sterility trait of Sosyun was expressed were identified using information on male strobilus and pollen developmental stages and gene expression profiles. Aberrant morphology was observed cytologically at Stage 6 (microspore stage), and differences in expression patterns compared with wild type were observed at Stage 4 (tetrad stage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoko Tsubomura
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | - Manabu Kurita
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 3809-1 Ishi, Juo, Hitachi, Ibaraki 319-1301, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Forest Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Begum S, Kudo K, Matsuoka Y, Nakaba S, Yamagishi Y, Nabeshima E, Rahman MH, Nugroho WD, Oribe Y, Jin HO, Funada R. Localized cooling of stems induces latewood formation and cambial dormancy during seasons of active cambium in conifers. Ann Bot 2016; 117:465-77. [PMID: 26703452 PMCID: PMC4765539 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In temperate regions, trees undergo annual cycles of cambial growth, with periods of cambial activity and dormancy. Environmental factors might regulate the cambial growth, as well as the development of cambial derivatives. We investigated the effects of low temperature by localized cooling on cambial activity and latewood formation in two conifers, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica. METHODS A plastic rubber tube that contained cooled water was wrapped around a 30-cm-wide portion of the main stem of Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica trees during seasons of active cambium. Small blocks were collected from both cooled and non-cooled control portions of the stems for sequential observations of cambial activity and for anatomical measurements of cell morphology by light microscopy and image analysis. KEY RESULTS The effect of localized cooling was first observed on differentiating tracheids. Tracheids narrow in diameter and with significantly decreased cambial activity were evident 5 weeks after the start of cooling in these stems. Eight weeks after the start of cooling, tracheids with clearly diminished diameters and thickened cell walls were observed in these stems. Thus, localized low temperature induced narrow diameters and obvious thickening of secondary cell walls of tracheids, which were identified as latewood tracheids. Two months after the cessation of cooling, a false annual ring was observed and cambium became active again and produced new tracheids. In Cryptomeria japonica, cambial activity ceased earlier in locally cooled portions of stems than in non-cooled stems, indicating that the cambium had entered dormancy sooner in the cooled stems. CONCLUSIONS Artificial cooling of stems induced latewood formation and cessation of cambial activity, indicating that cambium and its derivatives can respond directly to changes in temperature. A decrease in the temperature of the stem is a critical factor in the control of cambial activity and xylem differentiation in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanara Begum
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kayo Kudo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, Institute of Wood Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Noshiro-Akita 016-0876, Japan
| | - Yugo Matsuoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamagishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Eri Nabeshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama-Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Md Hasnat Rahman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Widyanto Dwi Nugroho
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yuichiro Oribe
- Tohoku Regional Breeding Office, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Takizawa-Iwate 020-0173, Japan and
| | - Hyun-O Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Ryo Funada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-Tokyo 183-8509, Japan, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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Sakai M, Gomi T, Naito RS, Negishi JN, Sasaki M, Toda H, Nunokawa M, Murase K. Radiocesium leaching from contaminated litter in forest streams. J Environ Radioact 2015; 144:15-20. [PMID: 25791899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In Japanese forests suffering from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, litter fall provides a large amount of radiocesium from forests to streams. Submerged litter is processed to become a vital food resource for various stream organisms through initial leaching and subsequent decomposition. Although leaching from litter can detach radiocesium similarly to potassium, radiocesium leaching and its migration are poorly understood. We examined both radiocesium and potassium leaching to the water column and radiocesium allocation to minerals (glass beads, silica sand, and vermiculite) in the laboratory using soaked litter with and without minerals on a water column. The mineral types did not affect radiocesium leaching from litter, but soaking in water for 1, 7, and 30 days decreased the radiocesium concentration in litter by ×0.71, ×0.66, and ×0.56, respectively. Meanwhile, the 1-, 7-, and 30-day experiments decreased potassium concentration in litter by ×0.17, ×0.11, and ×0.09, respectively. Leached radiocesium remained in a dissolved form when there was no mineral phases present in the water, whereas there was sorption onto the minerals when they were present. In particular, vermiculite adsorbed radiocesium by two to three orders of magnitude more effectively than the other minerals. Because radiocesium forms (such as that dissolved or adsorbed to organic matter or minerals) can further mobilize to ecosystems, our findings will increase our understanding regarding the dynamics of radiocesium in stream ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Takashi Gomi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risa S Naito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Junjiro N Negishi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0860, Japan
| | - Michiko Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroto Toda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masanori Nunokawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kaori Murase
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
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Nishikiori T, Watanabe M, Koshikawa MK, Takamatsu T, Ishii Y, Ito S, Takenaka A, Watanabe K, Hayashi S. Uptake and translocation of radiocesium in cedar leaves following the Fukushima nuclear accident. Sci Total Environ 2015; 502:611-616. [PMID: 25302448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryptomeria japonica trees in the area surrounding Fukushima, Japan, intercepted (137)Cs present in atmospheric deposits soon after the Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011. To study the uptake and translocation of (137)Cs in C. japonica leaves, we analyzed activity concentrations of (137)Cs and the concentration ratios of (137)Cs to (133)Cs ((137)Cs/(133)Cs) in old and new leaves of C. japonica collected from a forest on Mount Tsukuba between 9 and 15 months after the accident. Both isotopes were also analyzed in throughfall, bulk precipitation and soil extracts. Water of atmospheric and soil origin were used as proxies for deciphering the absorption from leaf surfaces and root systems, respectively. Results indicate that 20-40% of foliar (137)Cs existed inside the leaf, while 60-80% adhered to the leaf surface. The (137)Cs/(133)Cs ratios inside leaves that had sprouted before the accident were considerably higher than that of the soil extract and lower than that of throughfall and bulk precipitation. Additionally, more than 80% of (137)Cs in throughfall and bulk precipitation was present in the dissolved form, which is available for foliar uptake, indicating that a portion of the (137)Cs inside old leaves was presumably absorbed from the leaf surface. New leaves that sprouted after the accident had similar (137)Cs/(133)Cs ratios to that of the old leaves, suggesting that internal (137)Cs was translocated from old to new leaves. For 17 species of woody plants other than C. japonica, new leaves that sprouted after the accident also contained (137)Cs, and their (137)Cs/(133)Cs ratios were equal to or higher than that of the soil extract. These results suggested that foliar uptake and further translocation of (137)Cs is an important vector of contamination in various tree species during or just after radioactive fallout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Nishikiori
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Mirai Watanabe
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Masami K Koshikawa
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Takejiro Takamatsu
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Shoko Ito
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Akio Takenaka
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Keiji Watanabe
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama 347-0115, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Center for Regional Environment Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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Kimura MK, Uchiyama K, Nakao K, Moriguchi Y, San Jose-Maldia L, Tsumura Y. Evidence for cryptic northern refugia in the last glacial period in Cryptomeria japonica. Ann Bot 2014; 114:1687-1700. [PMID: 25355521 PMCID: PMC4649686 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Distribution shifts and natural selection during past climatic changes are important factors in determining the genetic structure of forest species. In particular, climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary appear to have caused changes in the distribution ranges of plants, and thus strongly affected their genetic structure. This study was undertaken to identify the responses of the conifer Cryptomeria japonica, endemic to the Japanese Archipelago, to past climatic changes using a combination of phylogeography and species distribution modelling (SDM) methods. Specifically, this study focused on the locations of refugia during the last glacial maximum (LGM). METHODS Genetic diversity and structure were examined using 20 microsatellite markers in 37 populations of C. japonica. The locations of glacial refugia were assessed using STRUCTURE analysis, and potential habitats under current and past climate conditions were predicted using SDM. The process of genetic divergence was also examined using the approximate Bayesian computation procedure (ABC) in DIY ABC to test the divergence time between the gene pools detected by the STRUCTURE analysis. KEY RESULTS STRUCTURE analysis identified four gene pools: northern Tohoku district; from Chubu to Chugoku district; from Tohoku to Shikoku district on the Pacific Ocean side of the Archipelago; and Yakushima Island. DIY ABC analysis indicated that the four gene pools diverged at the same time before the LGM. SDM also indicated potential northern cryptic refugia. CONCLUSIONS The combined evidence from microsatellites and SDM clearly indicates that climatic changes have shaped the genetic structure of C. japonica. The gene pool detected in northern Tohoku district is likely to have been established by cryptic northern refugia on the coast of the Japan Sea to the west of the Archipelago. The gene pool in Yakushima Island can probably be explained simply by long-term isolation from the other gene pools since the LGM. These results are supported by those of SDM and the predicted divergence time determined using ABC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi K Kimura
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchiyama
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Nakao
- Department of Forest Vegetation, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Moriguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050, Igarashi 2-Nocho, Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Lerma San Jose-Maldia
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tsumura
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
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Kuroda K, Fujiwara T, Hashida K, Imai T, Kushi M, Saito K, Fukushima K. The accumulation pattern of ferruginol in the heartwood-forming Cryptomeria japonica xylem as determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and quantity analysis. Ann Bot 2014; 113:1029-36. [PMID: 24651372 PMCID: PMC3997644 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Heartwood formation is a unique phenomenon of tree species. Although the accumulation of heartwood substances is a well-known feature of the process, the accumulation mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation process of ferruginol, a predominant heartwood substance of Cryptomeria japonica, in heartwood-forming xylem. METHODS The radial accumulation pattern of ferruginol was examined from sapwood and through the intermediate wood to the heartwood by direct mapping using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The data were compared with quantitative results obtained from a novel method of gas chromatography analysis using laser microdissection sampling and with water distribution obtained from cryo-scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS Ferruginol initially accumulated in the middle of the intermediate wood, in the earlywood near the annual ring boundary. It accumulated throughout the entire earlywood in the inner intermediate wood, and in both the earlywood and the latewood in the heartwood. The process of ferruginol accumulation continued for more than eight annual rings. Ferruginol concentration peaked at the border between the intermediate wood and heartwood, while the concentration was less in the latewood compared with the earlywood in each annual ring. Ferruginol tended to accumulate around the ray parenchyma cells. In addition, at the border between the intermediate wood and heartwood, the accumulation was higher in areas without water than in areas with water. CONCLUSIONS TOF-SIMS clearly revealed ferruginol distribution at the cellular level. Ferruginol accumulation begins in the middle of intermediate wood, initially in the earlywood near the annual ring boundary, then throughout the entire earlywood, and finally across to the whole annual ring in the heartwood. The heterogeneous timing of ferruginol accumulation could be related to the distribution of ray parenchyma cells and/or water in the heartwood-forming xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushi Kuroda
- Department of Wood Properties, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
- For correspondence. Email
| | - Takeshi Fujiwara
- Department of Wood Properties, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Koh Hashida
- Department of Biomass Chemistry, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takanori Imai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kushi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kaori Saito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Kim SH, Lee SY, Hong CY, Gwak KS, Park MJ, Smith D, Choi IG. Whitening and antioxidant activities of bornyl acetate and nezukol fractionated from Cryptomeria japonica essential oil. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:484-90. [PMID: 23714012 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the whitening and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Cryptomeria japonica by determining their tyrosinase inhibition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities. METHODS Essential oils of C. japonica leaves were extracted with distilled water, and after condensation of volatile constituents, the condensates were extracted with ethyl acetate. Crude essential oils of C. japonica were divided into six fractions by thin layer chromatography and open column chromatography, and their chemical analysis was performed by GC/MS. Major compounds of fractions were composed of kaurene, bornyl acetate, nezukol, (-)-4-terpineol, δ-cadinene, α-terpineol, γ-eudesmol, α-eudesmol and elemol. RESULTS For tyrosinase inhibitory activity using two substrates, l-tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), kaurene, bornyl acetate and nezukol were highly effective. In antioxidant activity, (-)-4-terpinenol and δ-cadinene showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity, and bornyl acetate and nezukol indicated extremely high SOD-like activity. CONCLUSION Therefore, bornyl acetate and nezukol fractionated from C. japonica essential oil, which showed highly active whitening and antioxidant activities, have potential applications in cosmeceutical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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Abstract
Adhesion of commercially produced fullerene fine particles to Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Camellia japonica pollen grains was investigated. The autofluorescence of pollen grains was affected by the adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains. The degree of adhesion of fullerene fine particles to the pollen grains varied depending on the type of fullerene. Furthermore, germination of Camellia japonica pollen grains was inhibited by the adhesion of fullerene fine particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Aoyagi
- Life Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Barbosa P, Lima AS, Vieira P, Dias LS, Tinoco MT, Barroso JG, Pedro LG, Figueiredo AC, Mota M. Nematicidal activity of essential oils and volatiles derived from Portuguese aromatic flora against the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. J Nematol 2010; 42:8-16. [PMID: 22736831 PMCID: PMC3380513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty seven essential oils, isolated from plants representing 11 families of Portuguese flora, were screened for their nematicidal activity against the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and the volatiles by distillation-extraction, and both were analysed by GC and GC-MS. High nematicidal activity was achieved with essential oils from Chamaespartium tridentatum, Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana, Thymbra capitata, and Thymus caespititius. All of these essential oils had an estimated minimum inhibitory concentration ranging between 0.097 and 0.374 mg/ml and a lethal concentration necessary to kill 100% of the population (LC(100)) between 0.858 and 1.984 mg/ml. Good nematicidal activity was also obtained with the essential oil from Cymbopogon citratus. The dominant components of the effective oils were 1-octen-3-ol (9%), n-nonanal, and linalool (both 7%) in C. tridentatum, geranial (43%), neral (29%), and β-myrcene (25%) in C. citratus, carvacrol (36% and 39%), γ-terpinene (24% and 40%), and p-cymene (14% and 7%) in O. vulgare and S. montana, respectively, and carvacrol (75% and 65%, respectively) in T. capitata and T. caespititius. The other essential oils obtained from Portuguese flora yielded weak or no activity. Five essential oils with nematicidal activity against PWN are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barbosa
- NemaLab-ICAAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
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