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Panyajai P, Viriyaadhammaa N, Tima S, Chiampanichayakul S, Dejkriengkraikul P, Okonogi S, Anuchapreeda S. Anticancer activity of Curcuma aeroginosa essential oil and its nano-formulations: cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell migration effects. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 38166788 PMCID: PMC10759438 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Curcuma aeruginosa, commonly known as "kha-min-dam" in Thai, holds significance in Asian traditional medicine due to its potential in treating various diseases, having properties such as anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and anti-androgenic activities. This study explores the anticancer activity of C. aeruginosa essential oil (CAEO) and its nano-formulations. METHODS CAEO obtained from hydrodistillation of C. aeruginosa fresh rhizomes was examined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity of CAEO was determined in leukaemic K562 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines using an MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was studied through a wound-healing assay. RESULTS Benzofuran (33.20%) emerged as the major compound of CAEO, followed by Germacrene B (19.12%) and Germacrone (13.60%). Two types of CAEO loaded nano-formulations, nanoemulsion (NE) and microemulsion (ME) were developed. The average droplet sizes of NE and ME were 13.8 ± 0.2 and 21.2 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. In a comparison with other essential oils from the fresh rhizomes of potential plants from the same family (Curcuma longa, Curcuma mangga and Zingiber officinale) on anticancer activity against K562 and MCF-7 cell lines, CAEO exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with IC50 of 13.43 ± 1.09 and 20.18 ± 1.20 µg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CAEO significantly increased cell death, evidenced from the sub-G1 populations in the cell cycle assay and triggered apoptosis. Additionally, CAEO effectively inhibited cell migration in MCF-7 cells after incubation for 12 and 24 h. The developed NE and ME formulations significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of CAEO against K562 cells with an IC50 of 45.30 ± 1.49 and 41.98 ± 0.96 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION This study's finding suggest that both nano-formulations, NE and ME, effectively facilitated the delivery of CAEO into cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawaret Panyajai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Natsima Viriyaadhammaa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sawitree Chiampanichayakul
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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