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Salama WH, Abd-Rabou AA, Bassuiny RI, El Hakim AE, Shahein YE. Exploration of antimicrobial and anticancer activities of L-amino acid oxidase from Egyptian Naja haje venom. Toxicon 2024; 242:107708. [PMID: 38574827 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma and bacterial resistance are major health burdens nowadays. Thus, providing new therapies that overcome that resistance is of great interest, particularly those derived from nature rather than chemotherapeutics to avoid cytotoxicity on normal cells. Venomous animals are among the natural sources that assisted in the discovery of novel therapeutic regimens. L-amino acid oxidase Nh-LAAO (140 kDa), purified from Egyptian Naja haje venom by a successive two-step chromatography protocol, has an optimal pH and temperature of 8 and 37 °C. Under standard assay conditions, Nh-LAAO exhibited the highest specificity toward L-Arg, L-Met and L-Leu, with Km and Vmax values of 3.5 mM and 10.4 μmol/min/ml, respectively. Among the metal ions, Ca+2, Na+, and K+ ions are activators, whereas Fe+2 inhibited LAAO activity. PMSF and EDTA slightly inhibited the Nh-LAAO activity. In addition, Nh-LAAO showed antibacterial and antifungal activities, particularly against Gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa and E. coli strains with MIC of 18 ± 2 μg/ml, as well as F. proliferatum and A. parasiticus among the selected human pathogenic strains. Furthermore, Nh-LAAO exhibited anti-proliferative activity against cancer HepG2 and Huh7 cells with IC50 of 79.37 and 60.11 μg/ml, respectively, with no detectable effect on normal WI-38 cells. Consequently, the apoptosis % of the HepG2 and Huh7 cells were 12 ± 1 and 34.5 ± 2.5 %, respectively, upon Nh-LAAO treatment. Further, the Nh-LAAO arrested the HepG2 and Huh7 cell cycles in the G0/G1 phase. Thus, the powerful selective cytotoxicity of L-amino acid oxidase opens up the possibility as a good candidate for clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa H Salama
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- HormonesDepartment, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roqaya I Bassuiny
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr E El Hakim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser E Shahein
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Menguy E, Dumontet V, Coulombier N, Meriot V, Déan LL, Barthelemy V, Jauffrais T. A method to assess algicidal activity of microalgal extracts coupling microalgae produced in stirred closed photobioreactor operating in continuous with pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. MethodsX 2020; 7:101037. [PMID: 32923376 PMCID: PMC7475119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe in the present study a quick and reliable method based on chlorophyll a fluorescence to assess putative algicidal effect of different microalgal extracts. We couple microalgal production under chemostat cultivation mode to continuously produce a given microalgae species (e.g. Dunaliella salina in this study) at a stable physiological state to ease comparison between extracts tested; with a non-destructive method based on chlorophyll a fluorescence. Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry was used to assess over time the effect of different microalgal crude extracts on the efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) of a tested microalgae (Dunaliella salina). • Microalgal production at stationary phase in stirred closed photobioreactor (PBR) operating in continuous have stable photophysiological parameters, which is a prerequisite to compare the impact of different algicidal compounds. • The combination of both methods, allows to quickly assess the algicidal effect of diverse microalgal (crude) extracts on the PSII efficiency of a tested microalgae. • The method may be used to identify and isolate algicidal molecules affecting algal PSII using a bio-guided isolation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Menguy
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, 98897 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Vincent Dumontet
- Université Paris Saclay, CNRS, UPR 2301, ICSN, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Vincent Meriot
- ADECAL Technopole, 1 bis rue Berthelot, 98846 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Loïc Le Déan
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, 98897 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Vanille Barthelemy
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, 98897 Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, IRD, Univ Nouvelle-Calédonie, Univ La Réunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, 98897 Noumea, New Caledonia
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Marin DE, Pistol GC, Bulgaru CV, Taranu I. Cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of individual and combined exposure of HepG2 cells to zearalenone and its metabolites. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:937-947. [PMID: 30919009 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium spp., is most commonly found as a contaminant in stored grain. ZEA derivatives (α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), β-zearalenol (β-ZOL)) can also be produced by Fusarium spp. in corn stems infected by fungi in the field. Also, following oral exposure, zearalenone is metabolized in various tissues, particularly in the liver, the major metabolites being α-ZOL and β-ZOL. The co-exposure of cells to mixture of a combination of mycotoxins may cause an increase of toxicity produced by these mycotoxins. In this in vitro study, we investigated the combined effects of ZEA, α-ZOL, β-ZOL in binary mixtures on the viability and inflammatory response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2). Cell viability was assessed after 72 h using a neutral red assay. Effect of the toxins and their binary combinations on the expression of genes involved in inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8) were assessed through qPCR. Our viability data showed that irrespective of the toxin combinations, the toxins have synergistic effect. ZEA + α-ZOL and ZEA + β-ZOL mixtures have induced a slight to high antagonistic response on inflammatory cytokines at low concentrations that have turned into strong synergism for high concentrations. α-ZOL + β-ZOL showed antagonistic effects on inflammation for IL-1β and TNF-α, but act synergic for IL-8 at high toxin concentrations. This study clearly shows that co-contamination of food and feed with ZEA metabolites should be taken into consideration, as the co-exposure to mycotoxins might result in stronger adverse effect than resulted from the exposure to individual toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - G C Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - C V Bulgaru
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - I Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, National Institute for Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Calea Bucuresti No. 1, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
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Mourad R, Helaly F, Darwesh O, Sawy SE. Antimicrobial and physicomechanical natures of silver nanoparticles incorporated into silicone-hydrogel films. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2019; 42:325-333. [PMID: 30827719 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporated in silicone-hydrogel films on their physicochemical properties and microbial activity were investigated. METHODS Silicone-hydrogel composite films (SiHCFs) were prepared by in-situ chemical reduction of silver ions added in different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 ppm) followed by ultraviolet (UV) casting. The reduction of silver ions into AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and absorption spectroscopy over ultraviolet and visible (UV-vis) wavelengths. Incorporation of AgNPs into SiHCFs was confirmed by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic mapping. The physico- mechanical properties of the SiHCFs were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were assessed. RESULTS TEM, UV-vis absorption, SEM, and EDX mapping showed that silver ions were reduced in the mixture of co-polymerizing monomers and incorporation of AgNPs into SiHCFs was achieved. Mechanical properties of the SiHCFs were enhanced with increasing AgNPs concentration without affecting their chemical and thermal properties. SiHCFs exhibited transmittance greater than 90% at a wavelength 600 nm. Bacterial growths in the solutions bathing the SiHCFs with increasing silver concentration were 95, 78, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0% respectively, for Escherichia coli; 95, 82, 4, 0.6, 0, 0, 0% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and 93, 79, 4, 0.5, 0, 0, 0% for Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of AgNPs into SiHCFs demonstrated sufficient release of AgNPs to inhibit bacterial growth and reduce biofilm formation, with collateral enhancement of some mechanical properties of SiHCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Mourad
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Fahima Helaly
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Darwesh
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa El- Sawy
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Sciacca MFM, Chillemi R, Sciuto S, Greco V, Messineo C, Kotler SA, Lee DK, Brender JR, Ramamoorthy A, La Rosa C, Milardi D. A blend of two resveratrol derivatives abolishes hIAPP amyloid growth and membrane damage. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1860:1793-1802. [PMID: 29555190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in pancreatic β-cells. A wealth of data supports the hypothesis that hIAPP's toxicity is related to an abnormal interaction of amyloids with islet cell membranes. Thus, many studies aimed at finding effective therapies for T2DM focus on the design of molecules that are able to inhibit hIAPP's amyloid growth and the related membrane damage as well. Based on this view and inspired by its known anti-amyloid properties, we have functionalized resveratrol with a phosphoryl moiety (4'-O-PR) that improves its solubility and pharmacological properties. A second resveratrol derivative has also been obtained by conjugating resveratrol with a dimyristoylphosphatidyl moiety (4'-DMPR). The use of both compounds resulted in abolishing both amyloid growth and amyloid mediated POPC/POPS membrane damage in tube tests. We propose that a mixture of a water-soluble anti-aggregating compound and its lipid-anchored derivative may be employed as a general strategy to prevent and/or to halt amyloid-related membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele F M Sciacca
- Istituto CNR di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Chillemi
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Greco
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Messineo
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Samuel A Kotler
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Dong-Kuk Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Carmelo La Rosa
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Danilo Milardi
- Istituto CNR di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- Sede Secondaria di Catania, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
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Darji A, Desai N, Modi R, Khamar B, Rajkumar S. Establishment of cell line with NK/NKT phenotype from myeloid NK cell acute leukemia. Leuk Res 2017; 61:77-83. [PMID: 28934678 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common malignancy in adults with a 5-year survival rate of 27% of the total affected population. For effective treatment and new drug discovery, cell lines are considered as a very important tool. Here we report an establishment of a continuous human cell line AML-004 with a hypo-diploid chromosome 44 and presence of both NK/NKT phenotypes. The cell line was isolated from the blood sample of myeloid NK cell acute leukemia patients and extensively characterized by flow cytometery, morphology, and cytogentic analysis. Cytotoxicity by standard chemotherapeutic drugs was also examined. As characterized by Giemsa staining, the predominant cell type in the culture had high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Cytogenetic analysis revealed high chromosome instability and structural abnormalities confirming the source of cell line from a patient with AML. The karyotype of the isolated cells did not alter up to around 40 passages. These AML-004 cells lacked specific markers for B and T lymphoid cells, but expressed surface receptors for lymphoid/NK cells. Cells also lacked the presence of early progenitors. The proliferation of the isolated cells was inversely proportional to the IL-2 concentration confirming presence of NK phenotype. AML-004 was resistant against standard chemotherapeutic drugs excluding cisplatin. Thus, AML-004 cells provide a continuous source of human cells for designing novel therapies for patients with T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Darji
- Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 1389, Trasad Road, Dholka, Ahmedabad - 382225, Gujarat, India.
| | - N Desai
- Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 1389, Trasad Road, Dholka, Ahmedabad - 382225, Gujarat, India.
| | - R Modi
- Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Cadila Corporate Campus, Sarkhej-Dholka Road, Bhat, Ahmedabad - 382210, Gujarat, India.
| | - B Khamar
- Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Cadila Corporate Campus, Sarkhej-Dholka Road, Bhat, Ahmedabad - 382210, Gujarat, India.
| | - S Rajkumar
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad - 382481, Gujarat, India.
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Amuamuta A, Plengsuriyakarn T, Na-Bangchang K. Anticholangiocarcinoma activity and toxicity of the Kaempferia galanga Linn. Rhizome ethanolic extract. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:213. [PMID: 28403856 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an important public health problem in several tropical and subtropical parts of the world particularly Thailand. Chemotherapy of CCA is largely ineffective and discovery and development of effective alternative drugs is urgently needed. The objective of the study was to confirm the anti-CCA potential as well as toxicity of the crude extract of Kaempferia galangal Linn. (rhizome) both in vitro and in animal models. Methods The ethanolic extract of K. galanga Linn. rhizome, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against CCA cell line (CL-6) using MTT cell proliferation assay. Acute and subacute toxicity of the extract were evaluated in ICR (Imprinting Control Region) mice according to the OECD (International Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Guideline. Anti-CCA activity was evaluated in CCA- xenografted nude mice. Results Results of cytotoxicity test showed moderate activity of the extract and EPMC with median (95% confidence interval: 95% CI) 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 64.2 (57.76–72.11) and 49.19 (48.16–52.29) μg/ml, respectively. The IC50 of 5-FU was 107.1 (103.53–109.64) μg/ml. The selectivity index (SI) values for the extract, EPMC and 5-FU against human normal cell line (OUMS) and cancer cell line (CL-6) were 2.2, 2.09 and 1.31, respectively. Toxicity testing revealed no overt toxic effect up to the maximum single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and up to daily dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. The extract at the maximum tolerated dose level of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 30 days exhibited promising anti-CCA activity in CL6-xenografted nude mice as determined by inhibitory activity on tumor growth (58.41%) and lung metastasis (33.3%), as well as prolongation of survival time (62 days). Conclusion The K. galangal Linn. rhizome extract and its bioactive compound EPMC exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against human CCA tumor (CL-6) cell line. Results of toxicity testing suggest that the extract was well tolerated up to the maximum single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight and daily dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. The extract exhibited promising anti-CCA activity in CL6-xenografed nude mice as determined by significant inhibitory activity on tumor growth and lung metastasis, as well as prolongation of survival time.
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Buranrat B, Mairuae N, Konsue A. Cratoxy formosum leaf extract inhibits proliferation and migration of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:77-84. [PMID: 28343074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated how Cratoxy formosum (CF) leaf extract affects the viability and migration of human breast cancer cells including the mechanism(s) responsible. Our results showed that CF leaf extract strongly induced MCF-7 cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 85.70±4.52μg/mL and 53.74±3.02μg/mL at 24h and 48h, respectively. Additionally, CF leaf extract potentiated the activity of 4 anticancer drugs with the greatest synergy occurring between CF and 5-FU. CF leaf extract also caused a dose-dependent decrease in colony forming ability with IC50 values of 36.37+1.80 μg/mL and cell migration, with IC50 values of 43.68±0.86μg/mL. Moreover, CF significantly induced ROS formation, increased caspase 3 activities, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cancer cell apoptosis and cell death. In addition, the extract inhibited cancer cell migration at 25μg/mL by reducing MMP 2 and MMP 9 protein expression. Moreover, CF leaf extracts strongly decreased expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Rac1 and downstream protein, cdk6. CF leaf extract significantly stimulated p21 and this correlated with a reduction in cyclin D1 protein levels. In summary, CF leaf extract can inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and reduce cell migration in the MCF-7 cell line. It could also be beneficial for enhancing the activity of anticancer drugs used to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Buranrat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Nootchanat Mairuae
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Ampa Konsue
- Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Muang District, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
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Menas AL, Yanamala N, Farcas MT, Russo M, Friend S, Fournier PM, Star A, Iavicoli I, Shurin GV, Vogel UB, Fadeel B, Beezhold D, Kisin ER, Shvedova AA. Fibrillar vs crystalline nanocellulose pulmonary epithelial cell responses: Cytotoxicity or inflammation? Chemosphere 2017; 171:671-680. [PMID: 28061425 PMCID: PMC5459363 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC) is emerging as a highly promising nanomaterial for a wide range of applications. Moreover, many types of NC are produced, each exhibiting a slightly different shape, size, and chemistry. The main objective of this study was to compare cytotoxic effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NCF). The human lung epithelial cells (A549) were exposed for 24 h and 72 h to five different NC particles to determine how variations in properties contribute to cellular outcomes, including cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine secretion. Our results showed that NCF were more toxic compared to CNC particles with respect to cytotoxicity and oxidative stress responses. However, exposure to CNC caused an inflammatory response with significantly elevated inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to NCF. Interestingly, cellulose staining indicated that CNC particles, but not NCF, were taken up by the cells. Furthermore, clustering analysis of the inflammatory cytokines revealed a similarity of NCF to the carbon nanofibers response and CNC to the chitin, a known immune modulator and innate cell activator. Taken together, the present study has revealed distinct differences between fibrillar and crystalline nanocellulose and demonstrated that physicochemical properties of NC are critical in determining their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn L Menas
- Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Russo
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Sherri Friend
- Pathology & Physiology Research Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Philip M Fournier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Galina V Shurin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ulla B Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald Beezhold
- Health Effects Laboratory Division/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch/NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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Khan MIH, Sohrab MH, Rony SR, Tareq FS, Hasan CM, Mazid MA. Cytotoxic and antibacterial naphthoquinones from an endophytic fungus, Cladosporium sp. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:861-865. [PMID: 28959613 PMCID: PMC5616083 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Endophytes have the potential to synthesize various bioactive secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to find new cytotoxic and antibacterial metabolites from endophytic fungus, Cladosporium sp. isolated from the leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. (Fam: Apocyanaceae). Materials and methods The endophytic fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar medium and extracted using ethyl acetate. Secondary metabolites were isolated by chromatographic separation and re-crystallization, and structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The cytotoxicity was determined by WST-1 assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay, while antibacterial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Results Two naphthoquinones, namely anhydrofusarubin (1) and methyl ether of fusarubin (2), were isolated from Cladosporium sp. The isolated compounds 1 and 2, by WST-1 assay against human leukemia cells (K-562) showed potential cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 3.97 μg/mL and 3.58 μg/mL, respectively. Initial screening of crude ethyl acetate extract and column fractions F-8 and F-10 exhibited noticeable cytotoxicity to brine shimp nauplii with LC50 values of 42.8, 1.2 and 2.1 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the isolated compound 2 (40 μg/disc) showed prominent activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium with an average zone of inhibition of 27 mm, 25 mm, 24 mm and 22 mm, respectively and the activities were compared with kanamycin (30 μg/disc). Conclusion Our findings indicate that anhydrofusarubin (1) and methyl ether of fusarubin (2) might be useful lead compounds to develop potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imdadul Huque Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hossain Sohrab
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Satyajit Roy Rony
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Choudhury Mahmood Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Mazid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Reigadas E, Alcalá L, Marín M, Muñoz-Pacheco P, Catalán P, Martin A, Bouza E. Clinical significance of direct cytotoxicity and toxigenic culture in Clostridium difficile infection. Anaerobe 2016; 37:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Dar AM, Gatoo MA, Shamsuzzaman. Steroidal dihydrocarbothioic acid amido pyrazoles: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies. J Chem Biol 2015; 8:107-18. [PMID: 26101552 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-015-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of steroidal dihydrocarbothioic acid amido pyrazole analogues were synthesized, and after characterization, evaluation for cytotoxicity, comet assay and western blotting was carried out. The synthesis of these analogues is convenient and involves two steps, i.e. aldol condensation as first step followed by nucleophilic addition of thiosemicarbazide across α, β-unsaturated carbonyl as a later step. Quantitative yields of more than 80 % are obtained in both the steps. After characterization by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and analytical data, all the compounds of both series were tested for cytotoxic activity against a panel of different human cancer cell lines by MTT assay, during which compound 3e, 3f, 4e, 4f and 4h are very potent especially against HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Cell cycle analysis depicted the cell death in S-phase while as annexin V-FITC/PI analysis showed that compounds effectively induce apoptosis. Apoptotic degradation of DNA of MCF-7 cells in the presence of different steroidal derivatives was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by ethidium bromide staining (comet assay). In western blotting analysis, the relative expressions of relevant apoptotic markers depicted an apoptosis by steroidal dihydropyrazole in MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Mahmood Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Gatoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
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13
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Ogunbolude Y, Ibrahim M, Elekofehinti OO, Adeniran A, Abolaji AO, Rocha JBT, Kamdem JP. Effects of Tapinanthus globiferus and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides extracts on human leukocytes in vitro. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2014; 3:167-72. [PMID: 26401368 PMCID: PMC4576816 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20140826110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed at investigating the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effect of Tapinanthus globiferus and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides to human leukocytes. In addition, the reductive potential and the chemical composition of the two plant extracts were also determined. Materials and Methods: Human leukocytes were obtained from healthy volunteer donors. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of T. globiferus and Z. zanthoxyloides were assessed using the comet assay and trypan blue exclusion, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was evaluated by the reducing power assay. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector was used to characterize and quantify the constituents of these plants. Results: T. globiferus (10-150 µg/mL) was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic at the concentrations tested, suggesting that it can be consumed safely at relatively high concentrations. However, Z. zanthoxyloides showed cytoxicity and genotoxicity to human leukocytes at the highest concentration tested (150 µg/mL). In addition, the total reducing power of T. globiferus was found higher than Z. zanthoxyloides in potassium ferricyanide reduction. Both plants extract contained flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and caffeic). Conclusion: The results obtained support the fact that some caution should be paid regarding the dosage and the frequency of use of Z. zanthoxyloides extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde Ogunbolude
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan
| | | | - Adekunle Adeniran
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Amos Olalekan Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - João Batista Teixeira Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemical Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemical Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil ; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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14
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Banday AH, Akram SMM, Shameem SA. Benzylidine pregnenolones and their oximes as potential anticancer agents: synthesis and biological evaluation. Steroids 2014; 84:64-9. [PMID: 24699163 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study reveals the anticancer activity of benzylidine pregnenolones and their oxime derivatives. The synthesis of the analogs of both series is very simple and involves aldol condensation in the first step followed by nucleophillic addition of hydroxylamine across carbonyl in the second step. Quantitative yields of more than 80% are obtained in both the steps. All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of six human cancer cell lines. Amongst all the compounds of both the series screened for their cytotoxic activity, compound 3e, 3f and 4e are very potent especially against HCT-15 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid H Banday
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
| | - S M M Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190002, India
| | - Shameem A Shameem
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India
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Al-Anizi AA, Hellyer MT, Zhang D. Toxicity assessment and modelling of Moringa oleifera seeds in water purification by whole cell bioreporter. Water Res 2014; 56:77-87. [PMID: 24657325 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera has been used as a coagulation reagent for drinking water purification, especially in developing countries such as Malawi. This research revealed the cytoxicity and genotoxicity of M. oleifera by Acinetobacter bioreporter. The results indicated that significant cytoxicity effects were observed when the powdered M. oleifera seeds concentration is from 1 to 50 mg/L. Through direct contact, ethanolic-water extraction and hexane extraction, the toxic effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in M. oleifera seeds were distinguished. It suggested that the hydrophobic lipids contributed to the dominant cytoxicity, consequently resulting in the dominant genotoxicity in the water-soluble fraction due to limited dissolution when the M. oleifera seeds granule concentration was from 10 to 1000 mg/L. Based on cytoxicity and genotoxicity model, the LC50 and LC90 of M. oleifera seeds were 8.5 mg/L and 300 mg/L respectively and their genotoxicity was equivalent to 8.3 mg mitomycin C per 1.0 g dry M. oleifera seed. The toxicity of M. oleifera has also remarkable synergistic effects, suggesting whole cell bioreporter as an appropriate and complementary tool to chemical analysis for environmental toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dayi Zhang
- Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
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