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Vetter VMS, Walter J, Wilfahrt PA, Buhk C, Braun M, Clemens S, Dinkel E, Dubbert M, Schramm A, Wegener F, Werner C, Jentsch A. Invasion windows for a global legume invader are revealed after joint examination of abiotic and biotic filters. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:832-843. [PMID: 30908797 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Successful alien plant invasion is influenced by both climate change and plant-plant interactions. We estimate the single and interactive effects of competition and extreme weather events on the performance of the global legume invader Lupinus polyphyllus (Lindl.). In three experimental studies we assessed (i) the stress tolerance of seedling and adult L. polyphyllus plants against extreme weather events (drought, fluctuating precipitation, late frost), (ii) the competitive effects of L. polyphyllus on native grassland species and vice versa, and (iii) the interactive effects of extreme weather events and competition on the performance of L. polyphyllus. Drought reduced growth and led to early senescence of L. polyphyllus but did not reduce adult survival. Fluctuating precipitation events and late frost reduced the length of inflorescences. Under control conditions, interspecific competition reduced photosynthetic activity and growth of L. polyphyllus. When subjected to competition during drought, L. polyphyllus conserved water while simultaneously maintaining high assimilation rates, demonstrating increased water use efficiency. Meanwhile, native species had reduced performance under drought. In summary, the invader gained an advantage under drought conditions through a smaller reduction in performance relative to its native competitors but was competitively inferior under control conditions. This provides evidence for a possible invasion window for this species. While regions of high elevation or latitude with regular severe late frost events might remain inaccessible for L. polyphyllus, further spread across Europe seems probable as the predicted increase in drought events may favour this non-native legume over native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M S Vetter
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J Walter
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P A Wilfahrt
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C Buhk
- Geoecology/Physical Geography, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - M Braun
- Plant Physiology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Clemens
- Plant Physiology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E Dinkel
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Dubbert
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Schramm
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F Wegener
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Werner
- BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the phylogeography of norovirus (NoV) in China. In norovirus, a clear understanding for the characteristics of tree topology, migration patterns and its demographic dynamics in viral circulation are needed to identify its prevalence trends, which can help us better prepare for its epidemics as well as develop useful control strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic diversity, temporal distribution, demographic dynamics and migration patterns of NoV that circulated in China. RESULTS Our analysis showed that two major genogroups, GI and GII, were identified in China, in which GII.3, GII.4 and GII.17 accounted for the majority with a total proportion around 70%. Our demography inference suggested that during the long-term migration process, NoV evolved into multiple lineages and then experienced a selective sweep, which reduced its genetic diversity. The phylogeography results suggested that the norovirus may have originated form the South China (Hong Kong and Guangdong), followed by multicenter direction outbreaks across the country. CONCLUSIONS From these analyses, we indicate that domestic poultry trade and frequent communications of people from different regions have all contributed to the spread of the NoV in China. Together with recent advances in phylogeographic inference, our researches also provide powerful illustrations of how coalescent-based methods can extract adequate information in molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - He Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Rd, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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