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Anbu M, Balakichenin R, Muthaiyan P, Sundaramoorthy S, Amesho KTT, Subramani V. Experimental investigation on the performance characteristics and emissions of a CI engine fueled with enhanced microwave-assisted Karanja seed bio-oil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:125006-125018. [PMID: 36418832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24283-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present research work is to utilise the produced bio-oil from microwave pyrolysis of Karanja, a non-edible seed, as fuel for diesel engines by increasing some up-gradation in the quality of the fuel. The emulsification process is carried out to improve the stability of the diesel-bio-oil blend using SPAN 80 and TWEEN 80, which lasted for 28 days without any layer separation termed as EKB20. The addition of 5% DEE and 10% DEE into EKB20 is done to enhance the combustion characteristics of the diesel engine. The produced bio-oil fuels were tested in a Kirloskar make, four-stroke, single-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine of 5.2 kW rated power output. The addition of DEE reduces the peak pressure by 4 bar and increases the heat release rate due to the higher volatility of DEE. At full load conditions, the thermal brake efficiency improved by 9.31% and 14.11%, respectively, compared to EKB20. Adding 5% DEE and 10% DEE at the rated power output reduced the smoke density by 18.42% and 60.25%, respectively, compared to EKB20 and 5% and 4% compared to diesel. The addition of 5% DEE and 10% DEE shows a 39% and 51% increase in NOX concentration and a 90% reduction in CO emission at the maximum brake power output. Hence, it is concluded that the fuels EKB20 + 5% DEE and EKB20 + 10% DEE can be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiarasu Anbu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology, 605 107, Puducherry, India
| | - Radjaram Balakichenin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manakula Vinayagar Institute of Technology, 605 107, Puducherry, India
| | - Pugazhvadivu Muthaiyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Puducherry Technological University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Surendarnath Sundaramoorthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering & Technology (A), Chittoor - 517 127, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Kassian T T Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Centre for Environmental Studies, The International University of Management, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia
- Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O. Box 7387, Swakomund, Namibia
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Pratika RA, Wijaya K, Utami M, Mulijani S, Patah A, Alarifi S, Ram Mani R, Kumar Yadav K, Ravindran B, Chung WJ, Chang SW, Munusamy-Ramanujam G. The potency of hydrothermally prepared sulfated silica (SO 4/SiO 2) as a heterogeneous acid catalyst for ethanol dehydration into diethyl ether. Chemosphere 2023; 341:139822. [PMID: 37598950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The dehydration of ethanol into diethyl ether over a SO4/SiO2 catalyst was investigated. The SO4/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the sulfation method using 1, 2, and 3 M of sulfuric acid (SS1, SS2, and SS3) via hydrothermal treatment. This study is focused on the synthesis of a SO4/SiO2 catalyst with high total acidity that can be subsequently utilized to convert ethanol into diethyl ether. The total acidity test revealed that the sulfation process increased the total acidity of SiO2. The SS2 catalyst (with 2 M sulfuric acid) displayed the highest total acidity of 7.77 mmol/g, whereas the SiO2 total acidity was only 0.11 mmol/g. Meanwhile, the SS3 catalyst (with 3 M sulfuric acid) has a lower total acidity of 7.09 mmol/g due to the distribution of sulfate groups on the surface having reached its optimum condition. The crystallinity and structure of the SS2 catalyst were not affected by the hydrothermal treatment or the sulfate process on silica. Furthermore, The SS2 catalyst characteristics in the presence of sulfate lead to a flaky surface in the morphology and non-uniform particle size. In addition, the surface area and pore volume of the SS2 catalyst decreased (482.56-172.26 m2/g) and (0.297-0.253 cc/g), respectively, because of the presence of sulfate on the silica surface. The SS2 catalyst's pore shape information explains the formation of non-uniform pore sizes and shapes. Finally, the activity and selectivity of SO4/SiO2 catalysts in the conversion of ethanol to diethyl ether yielded the highest ethanol conversion of 70.01% and diethyl ether product of 9.05% from the SS2 catalyst (the catalyst with the highest total acidity). Variations in temperature reaction conditions (175-225 °C) show an optimum reaction temperature to produce diethyl ether at 200 °C (11.36%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Ayu Pratika
- Study Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
| | - Karna Wijaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Maisari Utami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, 55584, Indonesia
| | - Sri Mulijani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Aep Patah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravishankar Ram Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Taman Connaught, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Munusamy-Ramanujam
- Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM-IST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Salman AD, Juzsakova T, Jalhoom MG, Abdullah TA, Le PC, Viktor S, Domokos E, Nguyen XC, La DD, Nadda AK, Nguyen DD. A selective hydrometallurgical method for scandium recovery from a real red mud leachate: A comparative study. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119596. [PMID: 35716890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to recover Sc as the main product and Fe as a by-product from Hungarian bauxite residue/red mud (RM) waste material by solvent extraction (SX). Moreover, a new technique was developed for the selective separation of Sc and Fe from real RM leachates. The presence of high Fe content (∼38%) in RM makes it difficult to recover Sc because of the similarity of their physicochemical properties. Pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods were applied to remove the Fe prior to SX. Two protocols based on organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) were proposed, and the main extractants were evaluated: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA/P204) and tributyl phosphate (TBP). The results showed that SX using diethyl ether and tri-n-octylamine (N235) was efficient in extracting Fe(III) from the HCl leachate as HFeC14. Over 97% of Sc was extracted by D2EHPA extractant under the following conditions; 0.05 mol/L of D2EHPA concentration, A/O phase ratio of 3:1, pH 0-1, 10 min of shaking time, and a temperature of 25 °C. Sc(OH)3 as a precipitate was efficiently obtained by stripping from the D2EHPA organic phase by 2.5 mol/L of NaOH with a stripping efficiency of 95%. In the TBP system, 99% of Sc was extracted under the following conditions: 12.5% vol of TBP, an A/O phase ratio of 3:1, 10 min of shaking time, and a temperature of 25 °C. The Sc contained in the TBP organic phase could be efficiently stripped by 1 mol/L of HCl with a stripping efficiency of 92.85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dawood Salman
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Refining Engineering, College of Oil and Gas Engineering, Basra University, Iraq
| | - Tatjána Juzsakova
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Moayyed G Jalhoom
- Department of Production Engineering and Minerals, University of Technology Baghdad-Iraq, Iraq
| | - Thamer Adnan Abdullah
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary; Chemistry Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Phuoc-Cuong Le
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Sebestyen Viktor
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Endre Domokos
- Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - X Cuong Nguyen
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - D Duong La
- Institute of Chemistry and Materials, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Ha Noi City, Viet Nam
| | - Ashok K Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, South Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, HCM City, 755414, Viet Nam.
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Tyagi S, Singh RK, Tiwari SP. Anti-enterococcal and anti-oxidative potential of a thermophilic cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya sp. HNBGU 003. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4022-4028. [PMID: 34220260 PMCID: PMC8241890 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci, the opportunistic pathogens, pose several serious and life-threatening infections such as urinary tract infections, sepsis, and endocarditis. The situation is worsening due to the development of drug resistance in these pathogens against several antibiotics. The addition of anti-enterococcal compounds with antioxidant activity in fermented and packaged food may help prevent the transmission of food-borne enterococcal infections. Scientists are in continuous search of such compounds from various sources. Hence, the present study has tested the diethyl ether extracts of thermophilic cyanobacteria, selected based on a previous study, against the multidrug-resistant and -sensitive strains of Enterococcus faecium. Out of the eleven tested extracts, 72% have shown anti-enterococcal activity against both strains. Among the extracts with anti-enterococcal activity, the diethyl ether extract of Leptolyngbya sp. (DEEL-3) inhibited the growth of VRE in a dose-dependent manner with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.0 mg mL-1. The DEEL-3 has also shown its antioxidant potential in terms of DPPH scavenging with an IC50 of 3.16 mg mL-1. The organism was named Leptolyngbya sp. HNBGU 003 based on 16SrRNA sequence homology analysis and morphological features. Further, the GC–MS analysis of the DEEL-3 has revealed the predominance of two phenolic compounds, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) and tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate, in it. Thus, the anti-enterococcal and antioxidant activity of DEEL-3 may be attributed to these phenolics, which may be isolated and developed as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Tyagi
- Cyano Biotech Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Cyano Biotech Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shree Prakash Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tamilvanan A, Balamurugan K, Ashok B, Selvakumar P, Dhamotharan S, Bharathiraja M, Karthickeyan V. Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol as an oxygenated additive on Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in CI engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:33880-33898. [PMID: 32876820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present experimental investigation is conducted to examine the working characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engine using oxygenated additives such as diethyl ether and ethanol to the blends of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel. Experiments are conducted on a water-cooled single-cylinder constant speed DI (direct injection) diesel engine under same operating circumstances. The results indicates that an enhancement of brake thermal efficiency is up to 3.7% and 6.2% with an addition of ethanol and DEE additive in biodiesel blended fuels respectively at maximum load condition. This is attributable to the existence of higher oxygen value and volatile nature of the additives. The combustion characteristics like in-cylinder pressure and net heat release rate of DEE blended fuels are 1.1-5.2% and 0.4-2.7% higher than other blends respectively. This is mainly due to higher cetane number and high volatile nature of DEE. This also results in higher NOX emissions. But 2-9% drop in nitrous oxide emission is noticed for biodiesel with ethanol blends compared to all other blends. This is as a result of superior latent heat of vaporization and lesser cetane number of ethanol which results in lower cylinder pressure about 0.4-2.6% and this end up with more unburned HC and CO emissions. Energy and exergy studies help to analyze the result of ethanol and DEE additive along with blends of biodiesel. The exergy efficiencies of DEE blended fuels enhance up to 2.3-6% compared to other blends at all load conditions. This is attributable to the superior combustion characteristics of DEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyasamy Tamilvanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Tamilnadu, 638060, India
| | | | - Bragadeshwaran Ashok
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - Pandiaraj Selvakumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Tamilnadu, 638060, India
| | - Subbaiyan Dhamotharan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Tamilnadu, 638060, India
| | - Moorthy Bharathiraja
- Department of Automobile Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, 638060, India
| | - Viswanathan Karthickeyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India
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Sarkar S, Ramanathan N, Sruthi PK, Sundararajan K. Conformations of diethyl ether and its interaction with pyrrole at low temperatures. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 213:361-369. [PMID: 30721851 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conformations of diethyl ether (DEE) were studied at low temperatures in N2 and Ar matrixes. Computations performed at B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory yielded three minima corresponding to tt, tg± and g±g± conformers of DEE. Of the three, the tt and tg± conformers of DEE were experimentally identified in N2 and Ar matrixes. Furthermore, hydrogen bonded complexes of pyrrole (py) with DEE have been investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy. Computations performed at B3LYP level of theory using aug-cc-pVDZ basis set on pyrrole with tt and tg± conformers of DEE gave py-DEE-tt and py-DEE-tg± complexes, both characterized by NH⋯O interaction. Experimental evidence for the formation of py-DEE-tt and py-DEE-tg± complexes was affirmed from the shifts in the NH stretching, NH bending regions of pyrrole and COC and CH stretching regions of DEE. NBO analysis was carried out to understand the charge-transfer delocalization interactions in the conformers of DEE and its hydrogen bonded complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Sarkar
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - N Ramanathan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - P K Sruthi
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - K Sundararajan
- Materials Chemistry and Metal Fuel Cycle Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603 102, India.
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Natesan V, Periyasamy S, Muniappan K, Rajamohan S. Experimental investigation and exergy analysis on homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled with natural gas and diethyl ether. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:6677-6695. [PMID: 30632044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, diethyl ether (DEE) and compressed natural gas (CNG) port fuel injection (PFI) was investigated in direct injection (DI) compression ignition engine to determine the performance, combustion, and emission behaviors. In dual fuel mode, DEE and neat diesel were used as fuel energy, whereas in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode, DEE, and CNG were used as fuel energy. The engine behavior was analyzed for different inlet charge temperatures. Exergy analysis has been carried out for analyzing the various availability shares in the engine. The maximum brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased at peak load from 27.31% in neat diesel to 29.12% for dual fuel mode (D + CNG). Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were reduced and oxides of nitrogen increased with the inlet charge heating mode. Maximum exergy efficiency was observed as 57.1% in dual fuel operation. The result of this work proves that CNG in dual and HCCI are effective for engine operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadivel Natesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641013, India.
| | - Somasundaram Periyasamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, 638060, India
| | - Krishnamoorthi Muniappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641013, India
| | - Sakthivel Rajamohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
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Shareghi Brojeni M, Salimi M, Mirmohammadsadeghi Z, Haghparast A, Eliassi A. Comparison of Effects of Light Anesthetics, Diethyl Ether and Carbon Dioxide, on Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus D 1 and D 2 Dopamine Receptors- and Glucosensitive Neurons-Induced Food Intake in Fasted Conscious Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:269-274. [PMID: 30519385 PMCID: PMC6276533 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.4.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and diethyl ether are used as light anesthetics. However, experimental data about their side effects are scarce. In addition, in all our previous works on regulatory mechanisms of hypothalamus during food intake, including the effect of Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) D1 and D2 dopamine receptors and glucosensitive neurons, the drug injections were performed under brief diethyl ether anesthesia. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis which postulates that CO2 and diethyl ether as light anesthetic agents affect the stimulatory effect of PVN dopamine receptors and glucosensitive neurons in feeding behavior. Methods Male Wistar rats were implanted with guide cannula directed to their PVN. Glucose (0.8 μg), SKF38393 (D1 agonist, 0.5 μg), quinpirole (D2 agonist, 0.3 μg) and saline (0.3 μL) were microinjected into the PVN and food intake was measured over 1 hour. Results Our results showed that CO2 but not diethyl ether decreased food intake compared to intact animals. The PVN injections of glucose, SKF38393, and quinpirole increased food intake under brief diethyl ether anesthesia. In contrast, the PVN microinjected glucose-induced and dopamine receptor agonists-induced food intake were inhibited under light CO2 anesthesia. Conclusion Our results suggest that brief exposure to CO2 and diethyl ether as light anesthetic agents may affect PVN glucosensing neurons-induced and dopamine receptors-induced food intake in fasted rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Shareghi Brojeni
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Salimi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mirmohammadsadeghi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Eliassi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nakatsu N, Igarashi Y, Aoshi T, Hamaguchi I, Saito M, Mizukami T, Momose H, Ishii KJ, Yamada H. Isoflurane is a suitable alternative to ether for anesthetizing rats prior to euthanasia for gene expression analysis. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:491-497. [PMID: 28717108 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diethyl ether (ether) had been widely used in Japan for anesthesia, despite its explosive properties and toxicity to both humans and animals. We also had used ether as an anesthetic for euthanizing rats for research in the Toxicogenomics Project (TGP). Because the use of ether for these purposes will likely cease, it is required to select an alternative anesthetic which is validated for consistency with existing TGP data acquired under ether anesthesia. We therefore compared two alternative anesthetic candidates, isoflurane and pentobarbital, with ether in terms of hematological findings, serum biochemical parameters, and gene expressions. As a result, few differences among the three agents were observed. In hematological and serum biochemistry analysis, no significant changes were found. In gene expression analysis, four known genes were extracted as differentially expressed genes in the liver of rats anesthetized with ether, isoflurane, or pentobarbital. However, no significant relationships were detected using gene ontology, pathway, or gene enrichment analyses by DAVID and TargetMine. Surprisingly, although it was expected that the lung would be affected by administration via inhalation, only one differentially expressed gene was extracted in the lung. Taken together, our data indicate that there are no significant differences among ether, isoflurane, and pentobarbital with respect to effects on hematological parameters, serum biochemistry parameters, and gene expression. Based on its smallest affect to existing data and its safety profile for humans and animals, we suggest isoflurane as a suitable alternative anesthetic for use in rat euthanasia in toxicogenomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Nakatsu
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Yoshinobu Igarashi
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University.,Vaccine Dynamics Project, BIKEN Innovative Vaccine Research Alliance Laboratories, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Masumichi Saito
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Haruka Momose
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Toxicogenomics Informatics Project, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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10
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Zhang L, He N, Shi W, Lu C. A cataluminescence sensor with fast response to diethyl ether based on layered double oxide nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8787-8793. [PMID: 26910825 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This work proposed a cataluminescence (CTL) sensor for rapid and highly selective detection of diethyl ether using Mg-Al-layered double oxide (Mg-Al LDO). The linear range of the CTL intensity versus the concentration of diethyl ether was 0.1-8.0 mM, with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9915. The limit of detection (signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3) was 0.02 mM. The half decay time was ~15 s, indicating a fast CTL process. The CTL sensor showed an excellent selectivity toward diethyl ether and good operational stability. Relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3 % in 20 consecutive measurements for diethyl ether. The CTL process was monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), pH indicator, and CTL spectrum. The results showed that the strong CTL signals were from the specific basic sites of Mg-Al LDO nanoparticle, which was further confirmed by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD). This work not only provides a facile approach to obtain a CTL sensor based on LDO but also systematically investigates the catalytic mechanism of LDO. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Wang Q, Li B, Wang Y, Shou Z, Shi G. Sensitive and selective cataluminescence-based sensor system for acetone and diethyl ether determination. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 30:318-24. [PMID: 24990144 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional hierarchical CdO nanostructure with a novel bio-inspired morphology is reported. The field emission scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer were employed to characterize the as-prepared samples. In gas-sensing measurements, acetone and diethyl ether were employed as target gases to investigate cataluminescence (CTL) sensing properties of the CdO nanostructure. The results show that the as-fabricated CdO nanostructure exhibited outstanding CTL properties such as stable intensity, high signal/noise values, short response and recovery time. The limit of detection of acetone and diethyl ether was ca. 6.5 ppm and 6.7 ppm, respectively, which was below the standard permitted concentrations. Additionally, a principal components analysis method was used to investigate the recognizable ability of the CTL sensor, and it was found that acetone and diethyl ether can be distinguished clearly. The performance of the bio-inspired CdO nanostructure-based sensor system suggested the promising application of the CdO nanostructure as a novel highly efficient CTL sensing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, People's Republic of China; School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
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Gillespie F, Metcalfe WK, Dirrenberger P, Herbinet O, Glaude PA, Battin-Leclerc F, Curran HJ. Measurements of Flat-Flame Velocities of Diethyl Ether in Air. Energy (Oxf) 2012; 43:140-145. [PMID: 23710107 PMCID: PMC3662209 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study presents new adiabatic laminar burning velocities of diethyl ether in air, measured on a flat-flame burner using the heat flux method. The experimental pressure was 1 atm and temperatures of the fresh gas mixture ranged from 298 to 398 K. Flame velocities were recorded at equivalence ratios from 0.55 to 1.60, for which stabilization of the flame was possible. The maximum laminar burning velocity was found at an equivalence ratio of 1.10 or 1.15 at different temperatures. These results are compared with experimental and computational data reported in the literature. The data reported in this study deviate significantly from previous experimental results and are well-predicted by a previously reported chemical kinetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gillespie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy-Université, Nancy, France
| | - Wayne K. Metcalfe
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Olivier Herbinet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Nancy-Université, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Henry J. Curran
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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