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Futela D, Bajaj S, Khunte M, Wu X, Payabvash S, Gandhi D, Malhotra A. Accuracy of disclosed financial relationships by physicians publishing in Radiology - A preliminary investigation. Clin Imaging 2024; 105:109995. [PMID: 37992625 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dheeman Futela
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Suryansh Bajaj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Professor of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Box 208042, Tompkins East 2, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520-8042, United States of America.
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Majid NA, Jaaffar AH, Kimpah J. Dataset of exceptional women directors and carbon information disclosures of global energy companies. Data Brief 2023; 51:109650. [PMID: 37869621 PMCID: PMC10589762 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dataset in this article contains solid information on the novel dataset of exceptional women directors (EWDs) and carbon information disclosures (CID) of global energy leading companies. The data presented is related to the research article entitled "The Effect of Women's Leadership on Carbon Disclosure by the Top 100 Global Energy Leaders" [1]. In exploring the degree of EWDs' and the level of CID, the content analysis technique based on the enhanced scoring indicators were deployed to obtain the data of the 97 companies based on accessible materials from companies' websites or any associated reports such as sustainability, environmental, annual, or integrated reports within three-year periods (2018 - 2020) for the global energy leading companies which listed in Thomson Reuters Database 2017. Data on EWDs' engagement and CID are extracted from the available information, reports, and materials. The data are collected based on the enhanced version of the EWD's indicators adapted from Ramon Llorens, García-Meca and Pucheta-Martínez [2], Hillman, Cannella and Paetzold [3], and Jaaffar and Amran [4]. Meanwhile, data collected for CID by using Carbon Disclosures Index (CDI) comprising 90 scores within nine aspects; Strategy and Policy; Climate Change Risks and Opportunities; Corporate GHG Emissions Targets; Company Wide Carbon Footprint; GHG Emissions Change Over Time; Energy-Related Reporting; Emission Reduction Initiatives Implementation; Carbon Emission Accountability; and Quality of Disclosure as suggested by the prior scholars [5], [6], [7]. This dataset shed light as an indicator to measure exceptional women director in the energy companies in promoting transparent carbon disclosure performance as well as boosting women leadership involvement and participation in the most polluting sector which aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; SDG 5 gender equality, SDG 10 reduced inequality, and SDG 13 climate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurshahirah Abd Majid
- College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Amar Hisham Jaaffar
- Institute of Energy Policy and Research, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeniboy Kimpah
- Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, 1900, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Bettis AH, Cosby E, Benningfield MM, Fox K, Burke TA. Characterizing Adolescent Disclosures of Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior to Parents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:591-594. [PMID: 37389524 PMCID: PMC10524440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior (SI/SB) are prevalent among adolescents. Treatment of SI/SB in adolescents relies on their disclosure, yet there is limited research on adolescent SI/SB disclosure experiences. Understanding who they disclose to and how they experience their parents' responses to their disclosures is important, as parents are often involved in adolescent mental health treatment. METHODS The present study characterized adolescent SI/SB disclosures in a sample of psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, examining to whom they disclosed SI/SB, perceived parental responses to SI/SB disclosures, and what they would prefer their parents did differently in response to SI/SB disclosures. RESULTS Results indicate that over 50% of youth disclosed their SI/SB directly to their parent and approximately 15%-20% of youth did not disclose their SI/SB to anyone prior to psychiatric hospitalization. Perceived parental responses to disclosures varied, including both validating and invalidating responses. DISCUSSION Findings have important implications for supporting parents and adolescents in discussing SI/SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Bettis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Elizabeth Cosby
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Margaret M Benningfield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kathryn Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Taylor A Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Myneni AA, Brophy T, Harmon B, Boccardo JD, Burstein MD, Schwaitzberg SD, Noyes K, Hoffman AB. The impact of disclosure of conflicts of interest in studies comparing robot-assisted and laparoscopic cholecystectomies-a persistent problem. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:1515-1527. [PMID: 35851821 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate disclosure of conflicts of interest (COI) is critical to interpretation of study results, especially when industry interests are involved. We reviewed published manuscripts comparing robot-assisted cholecystectomy (RAC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to evaluate the relationship between COI disclosures and conclusions drawn on the procedure benefits and safety profile. METHODS Searching Pubmed and Embase using key words "cholecystectomy", laparoscopic" and "robotic"/"robot-assisted" retrieved 345 publications. Manuscripts that compared benefits and safety of RAC over LC, had at least one US author and were published between 2014 and 2020 enabling verification of disclosures with reported industry payments in CMS's Open Payments database (OPD) (up to 1 calendar year prior to publication) were included in the analysis (n = 37). RESULTS Overall, 26 (70%) manuscripts concluded that RAC was equivalent or better than LC (RAC +) and 11 (30%) concluded that RAC was inferior to LC (RAC-). Six manuscripts (5 RAC + and 1 RAC-) did not have clearly stated COI disclosures. Among those that had disclosure statements, authors' disclosures matched OPD records among 17 (81%) of RAC + and 9 (90%) RAC- papers. All 11 RAC- and 17 RAC + (65%) manuscripts were based on retrospective cohort studies. The remaining RAC + papers were based on case studies/series (n = 4), literature review (n = 4) and clinical trial (n = 1). A higher proportion of RAC + (85% vs 45% RAC-) manuscripts used data from a single institution. Authors on RAC + papers received higher amounts of industry payments on average compared to RAC- papers. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative for authors to understand and accurately disclose their COI while disseminating scientific output. Journals have the responsibility to use a publicly available resource like the OPD to verify authors' disclosures prior to publication to protect the process of scientific authorship which is the foundation of modern surgical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay A Myneni
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Taylor Brophy
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brooks Harmon
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Boccardo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Burstein
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Department of Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven D Schwaitzberg
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Katia Noyes
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,Division of Health Services Policy and Practice, Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aaron B Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Rodgers AL. Conflicts of interest and the risk of bias are inevitable in urolithiasis research. Urolithiasis 2022; 51:24. [PMID: 36580121 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review examines data from stone conferences and research journals to assess whether justifiable concerns exist about possible bias in urolithiasis research and if so, how they can be minimized. Conflict of interest (COI) policies of two major urological congresses and three symposia dedicated to stone research were reviewed. Disclosure slides were viewed in webcasts and were evaluated for robustness and speaker compliance with respect to policy. Additionally, disclosure and COI policies of ten Science Citation Index (SCI)-approved journals were assessed and compared with actual declarations in published papers on urolithiasis. It was observed that disclosure and conflict declarations are frequently conflated in congresses and journals. Differences between the two ideologies appear to be ignored or unappreciated. Disclosures in the major urological meetings revealed a high percentage of financial relationships with industry. In dedicated stone conferences, more than two-thirds of speakers failed to display a declaration slide. Both scenarios generate questions about objectivity. Disclosure and COI statements in journals varied widely in format, detail and content. It is concluded that there exists a misinformed and incorrect perception in urolithiasis research that disclosure of potential COIs somehow validates a study as being objective and unbiased. Current policies and practices at conferences and in published papers create a setting in which concerns of bias prevail. Changes, including the establishment of a universal policy, insistence of independent and explicit declarations of disclosures and conflicts, implementation of sanctions for transgression and the introduction of intensive scrutiny by reviewers are required to minimize doubts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen L Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
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Neill C, Read J. Adequacy of Inquiry About, Documentation of, and Treatment of Trauma and Adversities: A Study of Mental Health Professionals in England. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:1076-1087. [PMID: 35094164 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to ascertain how often staff in community mental health services (CMHSs) in England ask about adverse experiences in childhood and adulthood, including abuse and neglect, how often those experiences are known about and documented by staff, and how staff respond when such experiences are known about and documented. The files of 400 people using four CMHSs in England were reviewed. Only 13% of clinical records contained documentation of any adverse experiences. One percent showed clear evidence that clients had been asked about adversities. People with psychosis diagnoses were less likely to have adverse experiences documented in their file. Rates of responses to adversities of which staff were aware were high, with 90% of records indicating some appropriate support following disclosure. Future research endeavours are recommended, including on reasons for not routinely asking and on type of training needed. Recommendations are made in relation to policy change, staff training and guidelines to improve routine enquiry about adversities. Ultimately, a move to 'trauma-informed' services, already underway in some areas, is required for all mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Neill
- School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ, UK
| | - John Read
- School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, London, E15 4LZ, UK.
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Eisen ML, Goodman GS, Diep J, Lacsamana M, Ristrom LJ, Qin JJ. Disclosures of Sexual and Physical Abuse across Repeated Interviews. J Child Sex Abus 2021; 30:932-952. [PMID: 34384332 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2021.1960457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the recorded interviews of 132 children between 3 and 16-years of age who were involved in a forensic investigation evaluating allegations of sexual and/or physical abuse. As part of this investigation, two interviews were conducted over a 5-day period. The interviews were analyzed to examine how frequently these children disclosed substantiated allegations of abuse when asked directly about these experiences in one or both interviews. Results revealed that 39.2% of children with substantiated sexual abuse and 55.6% of those with substantiated physical abuse denied these experiences in one or both interviews. The denial rate was highest among school aged children (6- to-10-year- olds), as over a third of the girls and more than half of the boys in this age group denied the substantiated allegations in one or both interviews. Recantations were also relatively common, as 24% of the children who disclosed sexual and/or physical abuse prior to the assessment denied the allegations in one or both interviews. The youngest children (3- to 5-year-olds) were most likely to be inconsistent in their denials/disclosures across interviews. Custody status and relation to the perpetrator also predicted denials/disclosures of sexual, but not physical abuse. Overall, the data suggest that denials of both sexual and physical abuse are quite common and higher than rates found in most archival file reviews.
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Boudewyns V, O'Donoghue AC, Paquin RS, Aikin KJ, Ferriola-Bruckenstein K, Scott VM. Physician Interpretation of Data of Uncertain Clinical Utility in Oncology Prescription Drug Promotion. Oncologist 2021; 26:1071-1078. [PMID: 34510619 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how physicians interpret data displays that depict preliminary or exploratory clinical data in physician-targeted sales aids for oncology drugs. Using three factorial experiments, we examined whether disclosures of data limitations and clinical uncertainty adequately communicate the limitations and practical utility of this type of data. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS The studies used a 2 (disclosure of data limitations: technical, nontechnical) × 2 (disclosure of clinical uncertainty: present, absent) + 1 (control: no disclosure) between-subjects experimental design to examine the impact of disclosures as they relate to presentations of preliminary or exploratory data in promotional communications for oncology products. In each experiment, we randomized oncologists and primary care physicians with oncology experience to view one version of a two-page sales aid. Following this exposure, physicians completed a web-based survey. The design was replicated in three concurrently conducted experiments using sales aids for different fictitious oncology drugs, each featuring one of three common data displays: a forest plot (n = 495), a Kaplan-Meier curve (n = 504), or a bar chart (n = 532). RESULTS Results provide initial evidence that in some contexts disclosures can improve understanding of the clinical utility of certain information about a drug and the limitations of results presented in a data display. Disclosures can also temper perceptions of how much evidence is presented that supports a conclusion that the drug is an appropriate treatment. In terms of the language used in the disclosure of data limitations, physicians in all three experiments strongly preferred the nontechnical disclosures. CONCLUSION The findings from the three experiments in this study suggest that disclosures have the potential to increase relevant knowledge, but more research is needed to establish best practice recommendations for using disclosures to convey contextual information relevant for interpreting data displays in promotional communications. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This article reports the results from three large, online experimental studies that address a growing concern that drug companies often share favorable clinical trial results with physicians in promotional materials that lack important context for physicians to interpret the data. This series of studies investigates whether strategic use of two types of disclosures (disclosure of data limitations and a disclosure of clinical uncertainty) improves understanding and reduces misinterpretations among physicians. The results from these studies help identify communication factors that impact how physicians critically appraise preliminary or exploratory clinical trial data to inform policy and regulatory efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amie C O'Donoghue
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kathryn J Aikin
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Moriarty F, Larkin J, Fahey T. Payments reported by the pharmaceutical industry in Ireland from 2015 to 2019: An observational study. Health Policy 2021; 125:1297-1304. [PMID: 34429238 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmaceutical industry makes large numbers of payments to healthcare organisations (HCOs) and healthcare professionals (HCPs). Ireland has a large pharmaceutical industry presence and national debate on legislating for greater industry payment transparency. This study characterises payments in Ireland to HCPs and HCOs during 2015-2019, and the content, consistency and methodology of the data source. METHODS An observational study of TransfersOfValue.ie, the disclosure website for the Irish Pharmaceutical Health Association pharmaceutical companies. We conducted a quantitative analysis, summarising payments to HCOs, HCPs and for research and development (R&D). We quantified disclosure rates of names for HCP and HCO payment recipients. We also conducted a content analysis of the methodology notes and website content. RESULTS Payments totalling €163 million were reported by 47 companies during 2015-2019, €84.6 million for R&D, with non-R&D payments of €45.1 million to HCOs and €33.6 million to HCPs. HCOs were named for 91.2% of payments, and HCPs for 55.1-62.8% across study years. For 2019, ten companies disclosed >€1 million in payments, and three disclosed >€1 million in HCO and HCP payments. Content analysis of 132 data reports and 46 methodology notes indicated substantial variation in methodologies for reporting between companies. CONCLUSIONS There are substantial payments in Ireland, often the recipient is undisclosed, and companies differ in their reporting. A mandatory disclosure system could enhance transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Moriarty
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St Stephen's Green 2, Dublin, Ireland; Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - James Larkin
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom Fahey
- Department of General Practice, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Lavoie J, Wyman J, Crossman AM, Talwar V. Meta-analysis of the effects of two interviewing practices on children's disclosures of sensitive information: Rapport practices and question type. Child Abuse Negl 2021; 113:104930. [PMID: 33454643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The forensic interview is an important part of the investigative process with child witnesses, and ensuring evidence-based practices is crucial to its success. This meta-analysis examined the overall effect of rapport practices and question type on children's disclosures during forensic interviews to determine (a) how large of an influence existing practices have on children's tendency to disclose information, and (b) how consistent the effect sizes of interviewing practices are across studies, given that inconsistent results have been found. METHOD A systematic review of child interviewing practices was conducted, and 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. Articles were categorized thematically according to interviewing practice. Two practices were predominantly represented in the literature and were selected for review and meta-analysis: rapport techniques, including interviewer support, (n = 9), and question type (n = 25 samples, 23 studies). Random-effects meta-analytic models were computed separately for rapport practices and question type, and moderator analyses were conducted to test for differences according to age and interviewing protocol. RESULTS Rapport techniques had a medium overall effect on children's disclosures (d = 0.55, p < .001), and was moderated by the interviewing protocol used, but not children's age. Open-ended questions compared to closed-ended questions had a medium overall effect on children's descriptions of sensitive events (d = 0.52, p < .001), and was not moderated by age or interviewing protocol. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide overarching support for the use of rapport and support, and the use of open-ended questions in forensic interviews with child witnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lavoie
- Moray House School of Education & Sport, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Joshua Wyman
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, McGill University, Canada.
| | - Angela M Crossman
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, United States.
| | - Victoria Talwar
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, McGill University, Canada.
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Guo XM, Cowan M, Folsom S, Ehimiaghe E, Persenaire C, Barber EL, Tanner EJ. Discrepancies between author- and industry-reported disclosures of financial relationships at an annual gynecologic oncology research meeting. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 160:260-264. [PMID: 33187761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trillions of dollars pass to physicians from industry-related businesses annually, leading to many opportunities for financial conflicts of interest. The Open Payments Database (OPD) was created to ensure transparency. We describe the industry relationships as reported in the OPD for presenters at the 2019 Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting and evaluate concordance between author disclosures of their financial interests and information provided by the OPD. METHODS This is an observational, cross-sectional study. Disclosure data were collected from authors with oral and featured abstract presentations in the 2019 SGO annual conference. These disclosures were compared to data available for each author in the 2018 OPD, which included the amount and nature of industry payments. RESULTS We examined the disclosures of 301 authors who met inclusion criteria. Of 161 authors who had disclosure statements on their presentations,147 reported "no disclosures," and 14 disclosed industry relationships. The remaining 140 did not list any disclosure information. Sixty percent (184/301) of authors had industry relationships in the 2018 OPD, including 173 of 287 (60.3%) of authors who either reported no disclosures or did not have disclosure data available in their presentations. These transactions totaled over 43 million USD from 122 different companies, with most payments (46%) categorized as "Research or Associated Research." Accurate disclosure reporting was associated with receiving higher payments or research payments, and being a presenting author. CONCLUSIONS Most authors at the SGO annual conference did not correctly disclose their industry relationships when compared with their entries in the OPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue M Guo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Matthew Cowan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Susan Folsom
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eseohi Ehimiaghe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christianne Persenaire
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emma L Barber
- Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Institute for Public Health in Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Edward J Tanner
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Robert Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Hashim HA, Abidin AFZ, Salleh Z, Devi SS. Panel Dataset of Ethical Commitment Disclosures in Malaysia. Data Brief 2020; 30:105624. [PMID: 32395587 PMCID: PMC7210393 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Panel dataset in this article contains information on the ethical commitment disclosures of Malaysian publicly listed companies. The data presented is related to the research article entitled “Ethical Practice Disclosure of Malaysian Public Listed Companies” [1]. In examining the level of ethical commitment disclosures, content analysis is performed involving 1,115 annual reports for five year periods (2012 – 2016). The annual reports are gathered from Main Market of Bursa Malaysia website. Information on ethical commitment disclosures are extracted from the annual reports. The data are collected using Ethical Commitment Index (ECI) comprising six themes; corporate ethics values, action to promote ethics, whistle-blowing policy, code of ethics, sustainability practices, and ethics committee. This dataset is useful as an indicator of the companies’ ethical commitment reflecting ethical climate in Malaysian public listed companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Aishah Hashim
- Faculty of Business Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Firdhauz Zainul Abidin
- Faculty of Business Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zalailah Salleh
- Faculty of Business Economics and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - S Susela Devi
- Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Hesp BR, Arai K, Chu MYS, Chuah S, Curameng JMB, Kamat S, Ma Z, Sakko A, Fernandez H. A guide to applying the Good Publication Practice 3 guidelines in the Asia-Pacific region. Res Integr Peer Rev 2019; 4:21. [PMID: 31592337 PMCID: PMC6774224 DOI: 10.1186/s41073-019-0079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous recommendations and guidelines aim to improve the quality, timeliness and transparency of medical publications. However, these guidelines use ambiguous language that can be challenging to interpret, particularly for speakers of English as a second language. Cultural expectations within the Asia-Pacific region raise additional challenges and several studies have suggested that awareness and application of ethical publication practices in the Asia-Pacific region is relatively low compared with other regions. However, guidance on applying ethical publication practice guidelines in the Asia-Pacific region is lacking. This commentary aims to improve publication practices in the Asia-Pacific region by providing guidance on applying the 10 principles of the Good Publication Practice 3 (GPP3) guidelines and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship. Recommendations are provided for encore presentations, applying the ICMJE authorship criteria in the context of regional cultural expectations, and the role of study sponsors and professional medical writers. Ongoing barriers to compliance with guidelines are also highlighted, and additional guidance is provided to support authors submitting manuscripts for publication. The roles of regional journals, regulatory authorities and professional bodies in improving practices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair R. Hesp
- Kainic Medical Communications Ltd, 104 Bond Street, Dunedin, 9016 New Zealand
| | - Katsuhisa Arai
- Proscribe Medical Affairs, Envision Pharma Group, Tokyo, Japan
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Choplin JM, Stark DP. Whispering sweet nothings: a review of verbal behaviors that undermine the effectiveness of government-mandated home-loan disclosures. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2019; 4:6. [PMID: 30758686 PMCID: PMC6374491 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-019-0154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Home loans are the largest financial transaction consumers typically enter and the consequences from entering overpriced or unaffordable home loans can devastate individuals and entire communities. This article reviews how insights from research in experimental psychology can be utilized to protect consumers. Current policy relies too much on disclosures, which—among other limitations—can be undermined by verbal behaviors on the part of salespeople. In particular, salespeople such as mortgage brokers and lenders can exploit the fact that consumers do not know where to look for information on disclosure forms by violating conversational norms, introducing confirmation biases, and using dual tasks such as talking to consumers while they are reviewing forms. They can also exploit the fact that even consumers who know where to look can forget by part-set cuing consumers. They can even cause consumers who discover problematic terms to ignore them by providing the consumers with explanations. Policymakers need to be aware of these findings to design effective consumer-protection policies. The authors suggest alternatives for policymakers to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Choplin
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, 2219 North Kenmore Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60614-3504, USA.
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15
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Betts KR, Boudewyns V, Aikin KJ, Squire C, Dolina S, Hayes JJ, Southwell BG. Serious and actionable risks, plus disclosure: Investigating an alternative approach for presenting risk information in prescription drug television advertisements. Res Social Adm Pharm 2017; 14:951-963. [PMID: 28844621 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broadcast direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug ads that present product claims are required to also present the product's major risks. Debate exists regarding how much information should be included in these major risk statements. Some argue that such statements expose people to unnecessary amounts of information, while others argue that they leave out important information. OBJECTIVES Examine the impact of type of risk statement (unedited versus serious and actionable risks only) and a disclosure indicating that not all risks are presented on consumers' ability to remember the important risks and benefits of a drug following exposure to a DTC television advertisement (ad). Risk and benefit perceptions, ad-prompted actions, recognition of the disclosure statement, and evaluations of both the disclosure and risk statement were also examined. METHODS A web-based experiment was conducted in which US adults who self-reported as having depression (N = 500), insomnia (N = 500), or high cholesterol (N = 500) were randomly assigned to view one of four versions of the television ad, and then complete a questionnaire. RESULTS The type of risk statement had a significant effect on risk recall and recognition, benefit recognition, perceived risk severity (depression condition only), and perceived benefit magnitude (high cholesterol condition only). Disclosure recognition (using bias-corrected scores) ranged from 63% to 70% across the three illness samples. CONCLUSIONS The revised risk statement improved overall processing of the television ad, as evidenced by improved risk recall and recognition and improved benefit recognition. Further, the presence of the disclosure did not adversely affect consumers' processing of drug risk and benefit information. Therefore, limiting the risks presented in DTC television ads and including a disclosure alerting consumers that not all risks are presented may be an effective strategy for communicating product risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Betts
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Vanessa Boudewyns
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Kathryn J Aikin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Prescription Drug Promotion, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Claudia Squire
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Suzanne Dolina
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Jennifer J Hayes
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Brian G Southwell
- RTI International, Center for Communication Science, 3040 E. Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Abstract
Vitamin D levels and metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular health. Herein, we discuss both normal and disordered vitamin D metabolism as it pertains to atherosclerosis, and we review major clinical trials regarding vitamin D levels and effects of supplementation. Although there are no official recommendations for vitamin D as it applies to atherosclerosis, it is clear that these two entities are linked. Further study of the complex association between vitamin D and atherosclerosis, as well as the effects of supplementation, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Bennett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, 1514 Jefferson Hwy, New Orleans, LA, USA, 70121.
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17
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Guy JB, Vallard A, Espenel S, Langrand-Escure J, Trone JC, Méry B, Ben Mrad M, Diao P, Mattevi C, Chargari C, Magné N. Conflict of interests for radiation oncologists: Harnessing disclosures from policy to reality. Cancer Radiother 2016; 20:176-80. [PMID: 27020716 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An increasing attention is being paid to disclosures of conflicts of interests in the field of oncology. The purpose of this study was to examine how radiation oncologists report their conflicts of interests with pharmaceutical or technology industries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected the data of conflicts of interests disclosures in the abstract books from the annual 2012 and 2013 meetings of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) in Miami (FL, USA), and in Atlanta (GA, USA), respectively. Geographic origins of abstracts as well other factors were examined. RESULTS We identified a total of 4219 abstracts published in the past two years. The total number of involved authors was of 28,283. All of the published abstracts had conflicts of interests disclosures. Amongst them, 563 abstracts (13.4%) reported at least one potential conflict of interests, in which 1264 (4.5%) declared a potential conflict of interests in their disclosures. Geographic distribution of abstracts with financial relationship was as following: 67.9%, 15.5%, 7.7% and 7.7% for USA, Europe, Asia/Pacifica, and Canada, respectively. Abstracts with conflict of interest originated from North America in 75.6% of cases. USA distribution was 70.6% and 29.4% for Eastern and Western, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of physicians declaring financial conflicts of interests remains extremely low, whichever geographic area authors are from. In comparison to the rest of the world, the US proved itself better at declaring potential links. Changes in medical culture and education could represent a significant step to improve the process of revealing conflicts of interest in medical journal as well as in international meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Guy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - A Vallard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - S Espenel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - J Langrand-Escure
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - J-C Trone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - B Méry
- Department of Medical Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - M Ben Mrad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - P Diao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - C Mattevi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France
| | - C Chargari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, hôpital d'instruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce, boulevard de Port-Royal, 75013 Paris, France
| | - N Magné
- Department of Radiation Oncology, centre Lucien-Neuwirth, 108 bis, avenue Albert-Raimond, BP 60008, 42271 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez cedex, France.
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