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Hama N, Sunaga Y, Ochiai H, Kokaze A, Watanabe H, Kurosawa M, Azukizawa H, Asada H, Watanabe Y, Yamaguchi Y, Aihara M, Mizukawa Y, Ohyama M, Hashizume H, Nakajima S, Nomura T, Kabashima K, Tohyama M, Hasegawa A, Takahashi H, Mieno H, Ueta M, Sotozono C, Niihara H, Morita E, Brüggen MC, Feingold IM, Jeschke MG, Dodiuk-Gad RP, Oppel EM, French LE, Chen WT, Chung WH, Chu CY, Kang HR, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Nakamura K, Sueki H, Abe R. Development and Validation of a Novel Score to Predict Mortality in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: CRISTEN. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:3161-3168.e2. [PMID: 37429419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening, severe mucocutaneous adverse reactions. Severity prediction at early onset is urgently required for treatment. However, previous prediction scores have been based on data of blood tests. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to present a novel score that predicts mortality in patients with SJS/TEN in the early stages based on only clinical information. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 382 patients with SJS/TEN in a development study. A clinical risk score for TEN (CRISTEN) was created according to the association of potential risk factors with death. We calculated the sum of these risk factors using CRISTEN, and this was validated in a multinational survey of 416 patients and was compared with previous scoring systems. RESULTS The significant risk factors for death in SJS/TEN comprised 10 items, including patients' age of ≥65 years, ≥10% body surface area involvement, the use of antibiotics as culprit drugs, the use of systemic corticosteroid therapy before the onset, and mucosal damage affecting the ocular, buccal, and genital mucosa. Renal impairment, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, malignant neoplasm, and bacterial infection were included as underlying diseases. The CRISTEN model showed good discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.884) and calibration. In the validation study, the AUC was 0.827, which was statistically comparable to those of previous systems. CONCLUSION A scoring system based on only clinical information was developed to predict mortality in SJS/TEN and was validated in an independent multinational study. CRISTEN may predict individual survival probabilities and direct the management and therapy of patients with SJS/TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Hama
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuma Sunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Kurosawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Asada
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiko Aihara
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mizukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Hashizume
- Department of Dermatology, Iwata City Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akito Hasegawa
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mieno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Niihara
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Christine Kühne Foundation for Allergy Research and Education (CK Care), Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roni P Dodiuk-Gad
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Dermatology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Maria Oppel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany; Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla
| | - Wei-Ti Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Linkou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Linkou, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France; Univ Paris Est Créteil EpidermE, Créteil, France; Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Diseases TOXIBUL, Créteil, France
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Sueki
- Department of Dermatology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Luqmani YA, El Hashim A. The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Health Crisis Managed or a Panic Response with Disastrous Future Consequences? Med Princ Pract 2021; 31:1-10. [PMID: 34662884 PMCID: PMC8805053 DOI: 10.1159/000520258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1 year, COVID-19 spread rapidly worldwide affecting all societies and most age-groups. It has taken not only a toll of human lives (approaching 220 million people infected with 4.55 million reported deaths at time of writing) but also decimated every economy as countries struggle to control infection rates by introducing draconian lockdown and social distancing measures, bringing great suffering well beyond medical effects of the disease. A parallel pandemic has resulted in a deluge of information emanating from both scientific as well as international news media including social media platforms. Fact and fiction, reality, and perception have become entangled; the only realistic solution, both medically as well as politically, is concerted global vaccination (which is currently underway) to reduce further infection by introducing universal immunity. However, public controversy rages due to widespread apprehension regarding necessity, immediate risks, and long-term safety of what is perceived as "fast-tracked" medication. While some concerns may be justified, much is due to misconception and misunderstanding. This review highlights some of the issues concerning the handling of the COVID-19 crisis by governments worldwide, the medical and scientific communities, and the media and how this may have laid the foundations for a far greater medical, social, and economic burden in the coming years. We present comparative data to challenge current conceptions of this disease in the more general context of human health to provide a perspective that seems to have been lost in the general panic. We need more rational approaches to the handling of a disease which is unlikely to disappear from our spectrum of afflictions even after the magnifying glass has been removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus A. Luqmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed El Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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