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Al lami Z, Kurtca M, Atique MU, Opekun AR, Siam MS, Jalal PK, Najafi B, Devaraj S, Mindikoglu AL. Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting decreases circulating inflammatory cytokines in subjects with increased body mass index. Metabol Open 2024; 21:100274. [PMID: 38455231 PMCID: PMC10918425 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2024.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The circadian rhythm involves numerous metabolic processes, including sleep/awakening, body temperature regulation, hormone secretion, hepatic function, cellular plasticity, and cytokine release (inflammation), that appear to have a dynamic relationship with all the processes above. Studies have linked various cytokines to the chronic state of low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting (DDDF) could alleviate the adverse effects of obesity by decreasing inflammation. This study examined the effects of DDDF on circulating inflammatory cytokines in subjects with increased body mass index (BMI). Methods The current observational prospective study included adult subjects with a BMI equal to or greater than 25 kg/m2 who practiced the annual religious 30-day DDDF. Individuals with significant underlying medical conditions were excluded to limit confounding factors. All subjects were evaluated within two weeks before 30-day DDDF, within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF, and within two weeks after 30-day DDDF. Multiple cytokines and clinical health indicators were measured at each evaluation. Results Thirteen subjects (10 men and three women) with a mean age of 32.9 years (SD = 9.7 years) and a mean BMI of 32 kg/m2 (SD = 4.6 kg/m2) were included. An overall associated decrease in the levels of multiple cytokines with DDDF was observed. A significant decrease in the mean interleukin 1 beta level was observed within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF (P = 0.045), which persisted even after the fasting period (P = 0.024). There was also a significant decrease in the mean levels of interleukin 15 (IL-15) (P = 0.014), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (P = 0.041), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) (P = 0.013), and monokine induced by interferon gamma/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (P = 0.027) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and in the mean levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (P = 0.010), interleukin 12 p40 subunit (P = 0.038), interleukin 22 (P = 0.025) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (P = 0.046) within two weeks after 30-DDDF. In terms of anthropometric parameters, there was a decrease in mean body weight (P = 0.032), BMI (P = 0.028), and hip circumference (P = 0.007) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and a decrease in mean weight (P = 0.026), BMI (P = 0.033) and hip circumference (P = 0.016) within two weeks after 30-day DDDF compared with the levels measured within two weeks before 30-day DDDF. Although there was no significant correlation between changes in weight and changes in circulating inflammatory cytokines, there was a significant positive correlation between changes in waist circumference and changes in specific inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-15, MDC, platelet-derived growth factor, soluble CD40L, vascular endothelial growth factor A) within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF and/or two weeks after 30-day DDDF. A significant decrease in mean average resting heart rate within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF was also observed (P = 0.023), and changes between average resting heart rate and changes in interleukin-8 levels within the fourth week of 30-day DDDF compared with baseline levels were positively correlated (r = 0.57, P = 0.042). Conclusion DDDF appears to be a unique and potent treatment to reduce low-grade chronic inflammation caused by obesity and visceral adiposity. Further studies with more extended follow-up periods are warranted to investigate the long-term anti-inflammatory benefits of DDDF in individuals with increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Al lami
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miray Kurtca
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital and Health Centers, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moin Uddin Atique
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antone R. Opekun
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohamad S. Siam
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasun K. Jalal
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bijan Najafi
- Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP), Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital and Health Centers, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayse L. Mindikoglu
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Mindikoglu AL, Park J, Opekun AR, Abdulsada MM, Wilhelm ZR, Jalal PK, Devaraj S, Jung SY. Dawn-to-dusk dry fasting induces anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic proteome in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Metabol Open 2022; 16:100214. [PMID: 36506940 PMCID: PMC9731888 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome characterized by abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose and triglyceride levels and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is associated with pro-inflammatory state, increased risk for atherosclerosis, and multiple cancers. Our previous results on subjects with metabolic syndrome showed that 4-week dawn-to-dusk (sunset) dry fasting resulted in significant changes in the serum proteome and improvement in several metabolic risk factors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proteomics is a powerful tool that can provide mechanistic insights into how dawn-to-dusk dry fasting affects protein expression in metabolic pathways at cellular level. In this study, we determined whether dawn-to-dusk dry fasting would induce favorable changes in PBMC proteome in subjects with metabolic syndrome, similar to the changes induced by dawn-to-dusk dry fasting in the same subjects' serum proteome. Methods We conducted a prospective study on subjects with metabolic syndrome and collected blood specimens before 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting, at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting, and one week after 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting. We performed untargeted proteomics using nano ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess the impact of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting on PBMC proteome. Results There were 14 subjects with metabolic syndrome with a mean age of 59 who fasted from dawn to dusk (strict dry fasting without any liquid or food intake) for more than 14 h daily for 29 days. The quantitative proteome analysis showed that apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene protein products (GP) levels were downregulated and had the most statistical significance of the observed difference at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting (P = 0.008) and one week after 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting (P = 0.0004) compared with the levels before 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting. The comparison between GP levels before and at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting showed an alteration in the expression of genes associated with lipid and atherosclerosis pathway (P = 6.014e-4) and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway (P = 1.064e-5). The genes that were differentially expressed in the lipid and atherosclerosis pathway were APOB (P = 0.008), CD36 (P = 0.040), CALM1, CALM2, CALM3 (P = 0.015), and HSPA8 (P = 0.047). One of the differentially expressed genes in the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway was lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1), which showed an average of 19-fold increase at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting compared with the GP levels before fasting (P = 0.004). Several GPs associated with tumor-suppressor effect (TUBB4B, LSP1, ACTR3B) were upregulated, and GPs associated with tumor-promoter effect (CD36, CALM1, CALM2, CALM3, FLOT2, PPIF) were downregulated at the end of 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting or one week after 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting compared with the GP levels before 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting. Conclusion Based on our results, we conclude that in subjects with metabolic syndrome, 4-week dawn-to-dusk dry fasting induced anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic PMBC proteome. Randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to further investigate the effect of dawn-to-dusk dry fasting on subjects with chronic metabolic diseases and metabolic syndrome-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse L. Mindikoglu
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Corresponding author. Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jihwan Park
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antone R. Opekun
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mustafa M. Abdulsada
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zoe R. Wilhelm
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasun K. Jalal
- Margaret M. and Albert B. Alkek Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Clinical Chemistry and Point of Care Technology, Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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