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Gromisch CM, Tan GLA, Pasion KA, Moran AM, Gromisch MS, Grinstaff MW, Carr FJ, Herrera VLM, Ruiz-Opazo N. Humanized anti-DEspR IgG4 S228P antibody increases overall survival in a pancreatic cancer stem cell-xenograft peritoneal carcinomatosis rat nu/nu model. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:407. [PMID: 33853558 PMCID: PMC8048286 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08107-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic peritoneal carcinomatosis (PPC), with the worst median overall-survival (mOS), epitomizes the incurability of metastatic cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) underpin this incurability. However, inhibitors of CSC-stemness fail to increase mOS in cancer patients despite preclinical tumor-reduction. This shortfall reinforces that preclinical efficacy should be defined by increased mOS in the presence of cancer comorbidities, CSC-heterogeneity and plasticity. The primary objectives of this study are: to test the dual endothelin-1/signal peptide receptor, DEspR, as a nodal therapeutic target in PPC, given DEspR induction in anoikis-resistant pancreatic CSCs, and to validate humanized anti-DEspR antibody, hu-6g8, as a potential therapeutic for PPC. METHODS We used heterogeneous pools of CSCs selected for anoikis resistance from reprogrammed Panc1 and MiaPaCa2 tumor cells (TCs), and adherent TCs reprogrammed from CSCs (cscTCs). We used multiple anti-DEspR blocking antibodies (mAbs) with different epitopes, and a humanized anti-DEspR recombinant mAb cross-reactive in rodents and humans, to test DEspR inhibition effects. We measured DEspR-inhibition efficacy on multiple prometastatic CSC-functions in vitro, and on tumorigenesis and overall survival in a CSC-derived xenograft (CDX) nude rat model of PPC with comorbidities. RESULTS Here we show that DEspR, a stress-survival receptor, is present on subsets of PDAC Panc1-TCs, TC-derived CSCs, and CSC-differentiated TCs (cscTCs), and that DESpR-inhibition decreases apoptosis-resistance and pro-metastatic mesenchymal functions of CSCs and cscTCs in vitro. We resolve the DNA-sequence/protein-function discordance by confirming ADAR1-RNA editing-dependent DEspR-protein expression in Panc1 and MiaPaCa2 TCs. To advance DEspR-inhibition as a nodal therapeutic approach for PPC, we developed and show improved functionality of a recombinant, humanized anti-DEspR IgG4S228P antibody, hu-6g8, over murine precursor anti-DEspR mabs. Hu-6g8 internalizes and translocates to the nucleus colocalized with cyto-nuclear shuttling galectins-1/3, and induces apoptotic cell changes. DEspR-inhibition blocks transperitoneal dissemination and progression to peritoneal carcinomatosis of heterogeneous DEspR±/CD133 ± Panc1-derived CSCs in xenografted nude rats, improving mOS without chemotherapy-like adverse effects. Lastly, we show DEspR expression in Stage II-IV primary and invasive TCs in the stroma in PDAC-patient tumor arrays. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data support humanized anti-DEspR hu-6g8 as a potential targeted antibody-therapeutic with promising efficacy, safety and prevalence profiles for PPC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary
- Rats
- Receptor, Endothelin A
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Gromisch
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glaiza L A Tan
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Khristine Amber Pasion
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Moran
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew S Gromisch
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Abtelum Biomedical, Inc., now NControl Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Francis J Carr
- Abtelum Biomedical, Inc., now NControl Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria L M Herrera
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Abtelum Biomedical, Inc., now NControl Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Abtelum Biomedical, Inc., now NControl Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
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