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Chen B, Jiang H, Wang H, Yang G, Hao X. Concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls and risk assessment in finless porpoises from the East China Sea. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:259-271. [PMID: 38525132 PMCID: PMC10959919 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are bioaccumulative persistent organic pollutants with a great impact on cetaceans. To examine the content of PCBs and their risks to finless porpoises, this study determined the concentrations of seven typical PCB congeners in 56 tissue samples of East Asian finless porpoises (EAFPs) sampled in 2009-2012 from Ningbo (29.8835° N, 122.0644° E), Pingtan (25.5133° N, 119.8172° E) and Lvsi (32.1035° N, 121.6078° E). PCB138, PCB153 and PCB101 were the predominant congeners, accounting for 31.15%, 18.59% and 15.75%, respectively, of all PCBs detected. The content of PCBs increased with age in males but decreased from juveniles to adults in females due to transfer to calves by reproduction and lactation. EAFPs in Ningbo and Pingtan accumulated more PCBs than those in Lvsi Port. The trophic positions of EAFPs from Lvsi, Pingtan and Ningbo were 9.41, 8.95 and 9.43, respectively. PCB concentrations did not accumulate significantly with increasing trophic levels. The risk quotient index indicated that the risk of trichlorobiphenyl (3-PCB), tetrachlorobiphenyl (4-PCB), pentachlorobiphenyls (5-PCB), and hexachlorobiphenyls (6-PCB) to EAFPs in the East China Sea was generally low and within safe limits thus far. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00221-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Huiping Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
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Yuen AHL, Lee SB, Kim SW, Lee YM, Kim DG, Poon CTC, Seo JP, Baeck GW, Kim BY, Park SC. Fatal upper aerodigestive tract obstruction in an East Asian finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri): findings in post-mortem computed tomography. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00732-0. [PMID: 37831312 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00732-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The present case report aims to outline the post-mortem findings of an East Asian finless porpoise with upper aerodigestive tract obstruction using different post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) visualization techniques and discusses the potential cause of death of this individual. A dead-stranded adult male East Asian finless porpoise was recovered from the Northern coast of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The carcass was frozen in Jeju National University within 2 h upon first reported. The PMCT examinations were performed at 120 kVp, 200 mAs with a section thickness of 1 mm. The scan field of view (sFOV) was set to 400 mm. Four image rendering techniques, including multi-planar reconstruction, three-dimensional volume rendering, perspective volume rendering, and minimum intensity projection technique, were used to aid the diagnosis of upper aerodigestive tract obstruction in the stranded finless porpoise. Conventional necropsy was performed to provide a complete necropsy report. Using PMCT, a Sebastidae of 24 cm measured length was found to be lodged in the left pharyngeal food channel and esophagus of the finless porpoise. Hard rays of the pectoral fin of the lodged fish have impaled the esophageal mucosa. Fishing gear was found to embed at the dorsal side of the lodged fish. The trachea was compressed ventrally and the arytenoepiglottic tube opening has been narrowed, which may precipitate to the finless porpoise difficult breathing. Pulmonary hyperinflation, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, and pneumorrhachis were observed. This case report represents the first documentation of potential radiological indicators of upper aerodigestive tract obstruction in the East Asian finless porpoise using PMCT. Spatial location of the lodged item could be rendered in situ as the time of death. It has demonstrated that PMCT could provide objective measurements to adjunct the necropsy findings in diagnosis of fatal aerodigestive tract obstruction in stranded cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adams Hei Long Yuen
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Radiotherapy and Oncology Centre, Gleneagles Hospital Hong Kong, Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Gyun Kim
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture/Department of Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry/Marine Bio-Education & Research Center, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jong-Pil Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Gun Wook Baeck
- Department of Marine Biology & Aquaculture/Department of Aquaculture Science/Institute of Marine Industry/Marine Bio-Education & Research Center, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeop Kim
- Department of Marine Industrial and Maritime Police, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea.
| | - Se Chang Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tian J, Lu Z, Sanganyado E, Wang Z, Du J, Gao X, Gan Z, Wu J. Trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine mammals based on isotopic determination. Sci Total Environ 2023; 875:162531. [PMID: 36870512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tissue distribution (liver, kidney, heart, lung, and muscle), source, and trophic transfer of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied on 14 stranded East Asian finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri), 14 spotted seals (Phoca largha), and 9 stranded minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from Yellow Sea and Liaodong Bay. The PAHs levels ranged from below the limit of detection to 459.22 ng g-1 dry weight in the tissues of the three marine mammals, and light molecular weight PAHs were the primary pollutants. Although the PAHs levels were relatively higher in internal organs of the three marine mammals, generally no tissue-specific distribution of the PAHs congeners was found, either for gender-specific distribution of PAHs in the East Asian finless porpoises. However, species specific PAHs concentration distribution were obtained. The PAHs were mainly originated from petroleum and biomass combustion in the East Asian finless porpoises, while those for the spotted seals and minke whales were complex. Trophic level associated biomagnification was found for phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in the minke whale. Benzo(b)fluoranthene exhibited a significant biodilution with increasing trophic levels in the spotted seals, but the total concentration of the PAHs showed a significant biomagnification with increasing trophic levels. Trophic level-associated biomagnification of acenaphthene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and ∑PAHs were found in the East Asian finless porpoise, while pyrene exhibited obvious biodilution with increasing trophic levels. Our current study filled knowledge gaps on tissue distribution and trophic transfer of the PAHs in the investigated three marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashen Tian
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhichuang Lu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Zhen Wang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jing Du
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xianggang Gao
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Jinhao Wu
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Marine Mammals, Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210000, China.
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Cheng Y, Liu D, Tang W. The complete mitochondrial genome of the Neophocaena asiaeorientails sunamrei (Phocaenidae: Neophocaena). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:248-249. [PMID: 27211112 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the East Asian finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientails sunamrei) has been completed and annotated in this study. The circular genome is 16 385 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 non-coding areas. Ten protein-coding genes use ATG as the initiation codon, except that ND2 started with ATT, and ND3 and ND5 started with ATA. Canonical TAA and TAG termination codons are found in seven protein-coding genes, the remaining four (ND4, ND2, ND3, and COIII) have incomplete termination codons (T or TA), in addition, the COI ends with AGG, and the Cyt b ends with AGA. On the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, these results show that the relationship of Phocoenidae is closer with Delphinidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cheng
- a Laboratory of Fishes , Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Liu
- a Laboratory of Fishes , Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiao Tang
- a Laboratory of Fishes , Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution, Ministry of Education , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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