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Mapua MI, Pafčo B, Burgunder J, Profousová-Pšenková I, Todd A, Hashimoto C, Qablan MA, Modrý D, Petrželková KJ. No impact of strongylid infections on the detection of Plasmodium spp. in faeces of western lowland gorillas and eastern chimpanzees. Malar J 2017; 16:175. [PMID: 28446233 PMCID: PMC5406944 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a high genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. circulating in great apes has been revealed recently due to non-invasive methods enabling detection in faecal samples, little is known about the actual mechanisms underlying the presence of Plasmodium DNA in faeces. Great apes are commonly infected by strongylid nematodes, including hookworms, which cause intestinal bleeding. The impact of strongylid infections on the detection of Plasmodium DNA in faeces was assessed in wild, western, lowland gorillas from Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic and eastern chimpanzees from Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda. METHODS Fifty-one faecal samples from 22 habituated gorillas and 74 samples from 15 habituated chimpanzees were analysed using Cytochrome-b PCR assay and coprological methods. RESULTS Overall, 26.4% of the analysed samples were positive for both Plasmodium spp. and strongylids. However, the results showed no significant impact of intensity of infections of strongylids on detection of Plasmodium DNA in gorilla and chimpanzee faeces. CONCLUSION Bleeding caused by strongylid nematode Necator spp. cannot explain the presence of Plasmodium DNA in ape faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwanahamisi I Mapua
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jade Burgunder
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ilona Profousová-Pšenková
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Angelique Todd
- WWF, Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, BP 1053, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Chie Hashimoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Moneeb A Qablan
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,WWF, Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, BP 1053, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute for Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára J Petrželková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Liberec Zoo, Lidové sady 425/1, 460 01, Liberec, Czech Republic
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