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Wu S, Wang S, Li Z, Wu C, Ma DL, Miao X. G-quadruplex-selective iridium(III) complex as a novel electrochemiluminescence probe for switch-on assay of double-stranded DNA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3755-3763. [PMID: 35396609 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized an iridium(III) complex and studied its selective ability to interact with a specific G-quadruplex DNA sequence (GTGGGTAGGGCGGGTTGG). Results showed that the iridium(III) complex exhibits high selectivity for the G-quadruplex DNA and could be used as an efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe in a switch-on assay format for the detection of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). To construct the assay, a hairpin-structured capture probe (CP) which was modified by thiol at its 3' end and contained the G-quadruplex sequence at its 5' end was firstly immobilized on a gold electrode. Upon the specific recognition of the dsDNA sequence with the corresponding CP, the hairpin structure of the CP was opened to free G-quadruplex sequence, forming the G-quadruplex structure with the assistance of K+. Then, the iridium(III) complex was able to specifically interact with the G-quadruplex to produce an obvious ECL signal that was proportional to the dsDNA concentration. Notably, this iridium(III) complex/G-quadruplex-based strategy was universal and was not limited to the analysis of DNA using specific sequences, thus opening a new avenue for the application of the G-quadruplex-selective iridium(III) complex in the field of ECL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Songen Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zongbing Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Xiangmin Miao
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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de Souza KBF, Veiga MSP, Martins GRF, da Silva AP, Fujita LGA, Tomé JM, Palhares HMDC, Borges MDF. Assessment of Gonadotropin Concentrations Stimulated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog by Electrochemiluminescence in Girls with Precocious Puberty and Premature Thelarche. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:433-440. [PMID: 34933304 DOI: 10.1159/000521593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the cutoff values of gonadotropin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas) corresponding to the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that could differentiate central precocious puberty (CPP) from premature thelarche (PT) and using the electrochemiluminescence assay method. METHODS A total of 49 girls underwent the stimulation test with an intramuscular injection of 3.75 mg leuprolide acetate. Based on the clinical and laboratory characteristics, they were divided into two groups: CPP (n = 22) and PT (n = 27). Baseline estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were collected before GnRHa administration and LH and FSH at 60 and 120 min, respectively, after GnRHa administration. RESULTS The girls with CPP presented an increased height Z-score, advanced bone age, and higher baseline LH, FSH, estradiol, and LH/FSH ratio in relation to PT (p < 0.001). Stimulated LH differed significantly between the two groups, and the LH cutoff values were ≥4.29 IU/L (p < 0.001) and ≥3.95 IU/L at 60 and 120 min, respectively (p < 0.001). The LH peak was found at 60 min after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The GnRHa test is effective in distinguishing CPP from PT, and a single sampling, at 60 min, with LH concentrations above 4.29 may be the parameter of choice with the advantage of greater convenience and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Botelho Fernandes de Souza
- Medical Endocrinologist, Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Melyna Shayanne Pessôa Veiga
- Medical Endocrinologist, Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ráina Ferreira Martins
- Pediatric Endocrinologist Physician, Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Adriana Paula da Silva
- Nutritionist Collaborator, Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Lívia Grimaldi Abud Fujita
- Endocrinologist, Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Janaíne Machado Tomé
- Biomedical Collaborator, Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Marcelina da Cunha Palhares
- Physician Collaborator in Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Borges
- Associated Professor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Clinical Hospital, Uberaba, Brazil
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Dong Y, Zhang T, Lin X, Feng J, Luo F, Gao H, Wu Y, Deng R, He Q. Graphene/aptamer probes for small molecule detection: from in vitro test to in situ imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:179. [PMID: 32076868 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules are key targets in molecular biology, environmental issues, medicine and food industry. However, small molecules are challenging to be detected due to the difficulty of their recognition, especially in complex samples, such as in situ in cells or animals. The emergence of graphene/aptamer probes offers an excellent opportunity for small molecule quantification owing to their appealing attributes such as high selectivity, sensitivity, and low cost, as well as the potential for probing small molecules in living cells or animals. This paper (with 130 refs.) will review the application of graphene/aptamer probes for small molecule detection. We present the recent progress in the design and development of graphene/aptamer probes enabling highly specific, sensitive and rapid detection of small molecules. Emphasis is placed on the success in their development and application for monitoring small molecules in living cells and in vivo systems. By discussing the key advances in this field, we wish to inspire more research work of the development of graphene/aptamer probes for both on-site or in situ detection of small molecules and its applications for investigating the functions of small molecules in cells in a dynamic way. Graphical abstract Graphene/aptamer probes can be used to construct different platforms for detecting small molecules with high specificity and sensitivity, both in vitro and in situ in living cells and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoya Lin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiangtao Feng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fang Luo
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Qiang He
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Cludts I, Spinelli FR, Morello F, Hockley J, Valesini G, Wadhwa M. Reprint of "Anti-therapeutic antibodies and their clinical impact in patients treated with the TNF antagonist adalimumab". Cytokine 2017; 101:70-77. [PMID: 29174881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients treated with the TNF antagonist adalimumab develop anti-therapeutic antibodies (ATA), the prevalence of which varies depending on the assay used. Most assays are compromised due to the presence of adalimumab in the clinical samples. Our objective was to develop an antibody assay, applicable for clinical testing, which overcomes the limitation of therapeutic interference and to further determine the relationship between ATA development, adalimumab levels and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Use of an electrochemiluminescence platform permitted development of fit-for-purpose immunoassays. Serum samples from patients, taken prior to and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment, were retrospectively analysed for levels of adalimumab and ATA. Overall, the antibody prevalence was 43.6% at 12 weeks and 41% at 24 weeks of treatment. Disruption of immune complexes by acid dissociation, a strategy often adopted for this purpose, only marginally increased the antibody prevalence to 48.7% and 46% at 12 and 24 weeks respectively. We found that antibody formation was associated with decreasing levels of circulating adalimumab, but no direct effect on disease activity was evident as assessed using DAS28 for RA patients and BASDAI for PsA and AS patients. However, a negative correlation of free adalimumab trough levels with disease activity scores was observed. Data showed that adalimumab levels can serve as an indicator of ATA development which can then be confirmed by ATA testing. Monitoring of both therapeutic and antibodies should be considered during adalimumab therapy to allow clinicians to personalise treatments for maximal therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cludts
- Biotherapeutics Group, Cytokines and Growth Factor Section, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Morello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jason Hockley
- Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- Biotherapeutics Group, Cytokines and Growth Factor Section, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
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Cludts I, Spinelli FR, Morello F, Hockley J, Valesini G, Wadhwa M. Anti-therapeutic antibodies and their clinical impact in patients treated with the TNF antagonist adalimumab. Cytokine 2017; 96:16-23. [PMID: 28279855 PMCID: PMC5484178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ECL-based assays for measurement of adalimumab and adalimumab antibodies. Performance of ECL antibody assay not significantly improved by acid dissociation. Negative correlation between levels of antibody and free adalimumab. Negative correlation between adalimumab level and disease activity scores.
Patients treated with the TNF antagonist adalimumab develop anti-therapeutic antibodies (ATA), the prevalence of which varies depending on the assay used. Most assays are compromised due to the presence of adalimumab in the clinical samples. Our objective was to develop an antibody assay, applicable for clinical testing, which overcomes the limitation of therapeutic interference and to further determine the relationship between ATA development, adalimumab levels and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Use of an electrochemiluminescence platform permitted development of fit-for-purpose immunoassays. Serum samples from patients, taken prior to and at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment, were retrospectively analysed for levels of adalimumab and ATA. Overall, the antibody prevalence was 43.6% at 12 weeks and 41% at 24 weeks of treatment. Disruption of immune complexes by acid dissociation, a strategy often adopted for this purpose, only marginally increased the antibody prevalence to 48.7% and 46% at 12 and 24 weeks respectively. We found that antibody formation was associated with decreasing levels of circulating adalimumab, but no direct effect on disease activity was evident as assessed using DAS28 for RA patients and BASDAI for PsA and AS patients. However, a negative correlation of free adalimumab trough levels with disease activity scores was observed. Data showed that adalimumab levels can serve as an indicator of ATA development which can then be confirmed by ATA testing. Monitoring of both therapeutic and antibodies should be considered during adalimumab therapy to allow clinicians to personalise treatments for maximal therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cludts
- Biotherapeutics Group, Cytokines and Growth Factor Section, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Morello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jason Hockley
- Biostatistics, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- Biotherapeutics Group, Cytokines and Growth Factor Section, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom
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