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Feng Y, Cheng G, Wang Z, Wu K, Deng A, Li J. Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on tin dioxide quantum dots and palladium-modified graphene oxide for the detection of zearalenone. Talanta 2024; 271:125740. [PMID: 38335847 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Developing low-cost and efficient methods to enhance the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of luminophores is highly desirable and challenging. Herein, we developed an efficient ECL system based on palladium-modified graphene oxide as a substrate and tin dioxide quantum dot-modified spike-like gold-silver alloy as an immunoprobe. Specifically, palladium-modified graphene oxide was rationally selected as the sensor substrate for the attachment of zearalenone antigens while facilitating the amplification of the ECL signal through enhanced electron transfer efficiency. A spike-like gold-silver alloy modified with tin dioxide quantum dots was attached to the zearalenone antibody as an immunoprobe, and the sensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity due to the exceptional ECL performance of the quantum dots. To demonstrate the practical feasibility of the principle, zearalenone levels were detected in actual samples of maize and pig urine, and the sensor showed a broad linear range (0.0005-500 ng mL-1) and low detection limit (0.16 pg mL-1) in the high-sensitivity detection of Zearalenone. Overall, this work first reports the construction of a highly sensitive ECL immunosensor for the detection of zearalenone using a protruding gold-silver alloy modified with tin dioxide as an immunoprobe and a palladium modified graphene oxide as a substrate. It provides a novel approach for the detection of small molecule toxin-like substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Feng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Gaobiao Cheng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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Peng L, Qian X, Jin Y, Miao X, Deng A, Li J. Ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone based on electrochemiluminescent immunoassay with Zr-MOF nanoplates and Au@MoS 2 nanoflowers. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342451. [PMID: 38499431 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In this work, an effective competitive-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed for zearalenone determination by using Zr-MOF nanoplates as the ECL luminophore and Au@MoS2 nanoflowers as the substrate material. Zr-MOF have an ultra-thin sheet-like structure that accelerates the transfer of electrons, ions and co-reactant intermediates, which exhibited strong and stable anodic luminescence. The three-dimensional Au@MoS2 nanoflowers would form a thin film modification layer on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). And its good electrical conductivity and higher specific surface area utilization further improving the sensitivity of the ECL immunosensor. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed immunosensor exhibited satisfactory stability, sensitivity and accuracy, and its ECL signal was proportional to the logarithm of ZEN concentration (0.0001-100 ng/mL) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.034 pg/mL. In addition, the results of recovery experiment acquired for wheat flour and pig urine samples further proved the feasibility of the immunosensor for the detection of real samples, indicating its potential for ultrasensitive detection of ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyue Qian
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Ya Jin
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sicences, Suzhou Chien-shiung Institute of Technology, Taicang, 215411, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Miao
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sicences, Suzhou Chien-shiung Institute of Technology, Taicang, 215411, PR China.
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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Qu L, Zhao W, Liu J, Wang J, Li J, Pan H. A sandwich electrochemiluminescence immunoassay based on 1T-MoS 2@dual MOFs for detecting CA153. Talanta 2024; 269:125412. [PMID: 37984234 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A "signal-on" electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor has been proposed for detecting carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) based on the dual MOFs sandwich strategy. The conductive and porous substrate consisting of 1T-MoS2 and two-dimensional conductive metal-organic framework (MOF, Ni-HAB) was anchored onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to label the capture antibody (Ab1), and the luminescence-functionalized MOF (Ru(bpy)32+@UiO-66-NH2) was utilized to immobilize the detection second antibody (Ab2) to construct a "signal-on" responsive sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Meanwhile, tripropylamine (TPA) acts as the co-reactant and provides a luminescence system for Ru(bpy)32+@UiO-66-NH2. The luminescence-functionalized MOFs showed excellent ECL activity owing to the tunable structure of MOFs. The remarkable enhancement in ECL intensity was obtained by the immunoreaction of antigen and antibody. Under the optimized conditions, the biosensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.0001 U mL-1 (S/N = 3) with a wide range from 0.001 to 50 U mL-1. The proposed ECL immunosensor was applicable for detecting human serum samples with a recovery of 99.83 ∼ 101 % (RSD < 5 %). This work demonstrates that the advantage of multifunctional MOFs could be applied to construct highly selective ECL immunosensor, and it may facilitate the diagnosis of breast cancer in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Qu
- Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Wanyu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - JiaYing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang' an University, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongzhi Pan
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Zeng H, Zhang M, Liu H, Liu J, Zhu L, Feng D, Wang J. Two electrochemiluminescence immunosensors for the sensitive and quantitative detection of the CP4-EPSPS protein in genetically modified crops. Food Chem 2023; 428:136818. [PMID: 37421663 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Two different models of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensors for the sensitive and quantitative detection of the CP4-EPSPS protein in genetically modified (GM) crops were proposed in this study. One was a signal-reduced ECL immunosensor based on nitrogen-doped graphene, graphitic carbon nitride and polyamide-amine (GN-PAMAM-g-C3N4) composites as the electrochemically active substance. The other model was a signal-enhanced ECL immunosensor based on a GN-PAMAM modified electrode for the detection of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs)-labeled antigens. The ECL signal responses of the reduced and enhanced immunosensors linearly decreased as the increase of the soybean RRS and RRS-QDs content in the range of 0.05% to 1.5% and 0.025% to 1.0%, with the limits of detection of 0.03% and 0.01% (S/N = 3), respectively. Both of the ECL immunosensors showed good specificity, stability, accuracy, and reproducibility in the analysis of real samples. The results indicate that the two immunosensors provide an ultra-sensitive and quantitative approach for the determination of the CP4-EPSPS protein. Due to their outstanding performances, the two ECL immunosensors could be useful tools for achieving the effective regulation of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zeng
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China; Shanghai Co-Elite Agricultural Sci-Tech (Group) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China; School of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434022, China
| | - Hua Liu
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Public Health, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Dongsheng Feng
- Shanghai Center of Agri-Products Quality and Safety, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- The Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China; Crops Ecological Environment Security Inspection and Supervision Center (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201106, China.
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Zhou R, Li T, Chen T, Tang Y, Chen Y, Huang X, Gao W. An electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on signal magnification of luminol using OER-activated NiFe 2O 4@C@CeO 2/Au as effective co-reaction accelerator. Talanta 2023; 260:124580. [PMID: 37141827 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel, label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed for the ultrasensitive detection of carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) by the combined use of NiFe2O4@C@CeO2/Au hexahedral microbox and luminol luminophore. The synthesis of the co-reaction accelerator (NiFe2O4@C@CeO2/Au) was related to the calcination of FeNi-based metal-organic framework (MOF), as well as the ingrowth of CeO2 nanoparticles and modification of Au nanoparticles. To be specific, the electrical conductivity will be boosted due to the Au nanoparticles, the synergetic effect generated between CeO2 and calcination FeNi-MOF could offer better activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, the NiFe2O4@C@CeO2/Au hexahedral microbox as a co-reaction accelerator has excellent OER activity and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus increasing the ECL intensity of luminol in a neutral medium without other co-reactants such as H2O2. Because of these benefits, the constructed ECL immunosensor was applied to detect CA15-3 as an example under optimum conditions, the designed ECL immunosensor exhibited high-level selectivity and sensitivity for CA15-3 biomarker within a linear response range of 0.01-100 U mL-1 and an ultralow detection limit of 0.545 mU mL-1 (S/N = 3), demonstrating its potentially valuable application in the area of clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Chaozhou Supervision & Inspection Institute of Quality & Metrology, Chaozhou, Guangdong, 521011, PR China
| | - Tufeng Chen
- Analysis & Testing Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China
| | - Yixiang Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China
| | - Yaowen Chen
- Analysis & Testing Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China; Analysis & Testing Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China.
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Lin Z, Zheng S, Xie J, Zhou R, Chen Y, Gao W. A sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for the detection of CA15-3 based on CeO(2)/Pt/rGO as a novel co-reaction accelerator. Talanta 2023; 253:123912. [PMID: 36115102 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we successfully constructed a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the detection of breast cancer marker antigen (CA15-3). In particular, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) is cleverly attached to the surface of silica spheres as a luminophore (NH2-SiO2-PTCA), which greatly alleviates the disadvantage of PTCA anti-induced aggregated luminescence and improves the ECL performance. Furthermore, Pt nanoparticles were used to dope CeO2 and introducing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to prepare CeO2/Pt/rGO composites as a novel co-reaction accelerator. Among them, Pt nanoparticles were used to improve the electrical conductivity of CeO2, and the use of rGO as a substrate allows for a more uniform dispersion of CeO2 to increase the catalytic surface area, which effectively improves the performance of the co-reaction accelerator and thus increasing the ECL intensity of the PTCA/S2O82- system. Under the optimal conditions, the designed ECL immunosensor showed satisfactory results in the determination of CA15-3 with a linear range of 12.00 mU mL-1 - 120.00 U mL-1 and a low detection limit of 1.348 mU mL-1. Importantly, the resulting biosensor has good stability, high sensitivity and reliable reproducibility, suggesting its potential application in clinical research.
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Cheng G, Li S, Wu K, Deng A, Li J. Highly sensitive competitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on ABEI-H 2O 2 system with cobalt hydroxide nanosheets and bimetal PdAg as co-enhancer for detection of florfenicol. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:214. [PMID: 35513500 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was established based on the isoluminol-H2O2 (ABEI-H2O2) system catalyzed by cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) to detect florfenicol residues in food. First , ultra-thin two-dimensional Co(OH)2 nanosheets were used as the catalyst of ABEI-H2O2 system, and excellent catalytic effects were acquired by catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with cobalt ions. Then, bimetal PdAg (Pd/Ag) alloy nanoparticles were used as a bridge to connect ABEI and antibody due to their good biocompatibility; Pd/Ag alloy nanoparticles also had a catalytic effect to further amplify the ECL signal in the system due to the synergistic catalytic effect of the bimetal. A competitive immunoassay strategy was used to detect florfenicol, where the florfenicol in the sample will compete with the antibody for the limited binding sites on the coating antigen. The ECL immunosensor for florfenicol detection shows high sensitivity, with a linear range from 10-4 to 102 ng mL-1, and a detection limit of 3.1 × 10-5 ng mL-1, where the scan potential was varied from 0 to 0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl . This work was the first to use Co(OH)2 nanosheets and bimetal PdAg catalytic signal amplification methods to design the sensor, which provides a novel, convenient and reliable strategy for ultra-sensitive detection of florfenicol, and other biological small molecules. A novel ECL immunosensor based on ABEI-H2O22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaobiao Cheng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunan Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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Hong C, Zhang P, Lu K, Ji Y, He S, Liu D, Jia N. A dual-signal electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for high-sensitivity detection of acute myocardial infarction biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113591. [PMID: 34500228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on two different types of luminescence systems (Ru﹡(bpy)32+/TPA and SnO2 NFs/K2S2O8), a new type of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was prepared, which realized the detection of acute myocardial infarction biomarker cTnI. In this strategy, Ru(bpy)32+, above all, was immobilized on the NH2-MIL-125 as a capture probe. Subsequently, cTnI and SnO2 NFs was bonded to the electrode surface through the interaction between antigen and antibody in turn. During this process, Ru(bpy)32+ and the co-reactant TPA first showed strong and stable ECL emission. As the concentration of cTnI in the test system increased, the signal of SnO2 NFs and the co-reactant K2S2O8 gradually enhanced, indicating self-calibrating mechanism of the assay system. Therefore, the "off-on" ECL immunosensor can be detected in the linear range of 10-5 -104 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 3.39 fg/mL (S/N = 3), respectively. The dual-signal electrochemiluminescence method has the advantages of low cost, simple analysis process, wide detection range and good selectivity, providing a promising analysis protocol for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Hong
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Kening Lu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yu Ji
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shuang He
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Dongqin Liu
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Nengqin Jia
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Ministry of Education, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Yang W, Zhou Z, Wu H, Liu C, Shen B, Ding S, Zhou Y. Multi-function PtCo nanozymes/CdS nanocrystals@graphene oxide luminophores and K 2S 2O 8/H 2O 2 coreactants-based dual amplified electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of anti-myeloperoxidase antibody. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:225. [PMID: 34325706 PMCID: PMC8323290 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-myeloperoxidase antibody (anti-MPO) is an important biomarker for anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs). However, the complicated operation procedures and insufficient sensitivity of conventional anti-MPO detection methods limit their application in monitoring efficacy of AAVs in clinical diagnosis. Herein, a dual amplified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on multi-function PtCo nanozymes/CdS nanocrystals@graphene oxide (PtCo/CdS@GO) luminophores and K2S2O8/H2O2 coreactants has been fabricated for ultrasensitive detection of anti-MPO. Results PtCo/CdS@GO luminophores as novel signal amplification labels and nanocarriers to load rabbit anti-mouse IgG were synthesized by co-doping with Pt and Co nanozymes simultaneously with several considerable advantages, including astonishing peroxidase-like catalytic activity, high-efficiency luminescence performance and superior stability in aqueous solutions. Meanwhile, upon the K2S2O8/H2O2 coreactants system, benefiting from the efficient peroxidase-like activity of the PtCo/CdS@GO toward H2O2, massive of transient reactive intermediates could react with K2S2O8, thus obtaining higher ECL emission. Therefore, the developed ECL immunosensor for anti-MPO detection displayed good analytical performance with good concentration linearity in the range of 0.02 to 1000 pg/mL and low detection limit down to 7.39 fg/mL. Conclusions The introduction of multi-function PtCo/CdS@GO luminophores into the established ECL immunoassay not only was successfully applied for specific detection of anti-MPO in clinical serum samples, but also provided a completely new concept to design other high-performance luminophores. Meaningfully, the ECL immunoassay strategy held wide potential for biomarkers detection in clinical diagnosis. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00968-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404000, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Changjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Li P, Ma G, Wu K, Deng A, Li J. An electrochemiluminescence energy resonance transfer system for highly sensitive detection of brombuterol. Talanta 2021; 223:121687. [PMID: 33303140 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system was established based on the modified graphite phase carbon nitride to detect brombuterol residues in food. The ultrasonic-assisted acidification exfoliation modification improved the conductivity and specific surface area of the graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4). In addition, the carboxylated g-C3N4 nanosheets as ECL donors and the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles as ECL acceptors could respectively directly carry antigen and antibody. Therefore, the trouble of introducing additional bridge molecules was avoided. A competitive immunoassay strategy was used for the detection of brombuterol, where brombuterol in the sample would compete with the coating antigen for the limited binding sites on antibody. The proposed ECL immunosensor for brombuterol detection exhibited high sensitivity with a wide linear range from 0.001 ng mL-1 to 1000 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit at 0.31 pg mL-1. This work adopts a very simple way to design the sensor without losing its sensitivity, bringing convenience to its possible future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Guoyu Ma
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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Ai Z, Zhao M, Han D, Chen K, Xiong D, Tang H. An "on-off" electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for PIVKA-II detection based on the dual quenching of CeO 2-Au-g-C 3N 4 hybrids by Ag nanocubes-VB 2. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 179:113059. [PMID: 33561664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel dual-quenching electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for detecting protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) based on ECL resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET). In this protocol, self-accelerated ECL hybrids of CeO2 and Au nanoparticles functionalized g-C3N4 nanosheets (CeO2-Au-g-C3N4) were prepared, which exhibited high ECL emission in the presence of S2O82- as a coreactant for "signal on" state. Concretely, CeO2 with a reproducible redox couple of Ce3+ and Ce4+ could act as an efficient co-reaction accelerator to generate more oxidizing intermediate (SO4•-) to significantly self-promote the ECL emission of g-C3N4 NSs/S2O82- ECL system. Besides, Au nanoparticles not only accelerated electron transfer in the ECL process, but also provided massive active sites for biomolecules immobilization. The dual quenching labels of Ag nanocubes modified with vitamin B2 (AgNCs-VB2) were firstly proposed towards g-C3N4 NSs/S2O82- ECL system by ECL-RET, resulting in the remarkable ECL decrease for "signal off" state. Based on the sandwich immunoreaction, the "on-off" PIVKA-II ECL immunosensor gratifyingly possessed excellent detection sensitivity with the linear range of 0.4 pg mL-1-10 ng mL-1 and the low detection limit of 28.46 fg mL-1 (S/N = 3). This presented strategy might provide a potential alternative tool for PIVKA-II detection in medical research and early clinical diagnostics of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Ai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Daobin Han
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongmei Xiong
- Nursing Department, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Wang L, Xing B, Wang H, Hu L, Kuang X, Liang H, Wu D, Wei Q. Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on the quenching effect of CuO@GO on m-CNNS for cTnI detection. Anal Biochem 2020; 612:114012. [PMID: 33189703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on the resonance energy transfer (RET) was proposed for ultrasensitive detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The RET behavior could be generated between graphite carbon nitride nanosheets (m-CNNS) as donor and copper oxide@graphene oxide (CuO@GO) as acceptor, achieving the quenching effect of CuO@GO on m-CNNS for cTnI detection. The m-CNNS synthesized by mechanical grinding of the graphite carbon nitride (CN) not only has better dispersion and higher specific surface area, but also has high luminous efficiency and stable chemical properties. Therefore, m-CNNS was used as the matrix material and luminophore. As the acceptor, CuO@GO prepared by in-situ chemical synthesis of CuO NPs onto GO sheets also has a high specific surface area, which could be used as a label of secondary antibody (Ab2). Under optimal conditions, cTnI could be determined within the linear range of 0.1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and had a low detection limit (0.028 pg mL-1, S/N = 3). Meanwhile, the prepared ECL immunosensor possessed great stability, specificity and reproducibility, providing a new method for detecting cTnI and other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxiao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Xing
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xuan Kuang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Huixin Liang
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (ICAMA), PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
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Qin D, Jiang X, Mo G, Zheng X, Deng B. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay of human chorionic gonadotropin using silver carbon quantum dots and functionalized polymer nanospheres. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:482. [PMID: 32749541 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A composite, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) doped with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), was prepared by using binary reductants of sodium citrate and hydrazine hydrate. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized by papaya peel combined with silver ions to form a CQDs-loaded silver nanoparticle (AgCQDs) nanocomposite. Polymer nanospheres (PNS) were generated via the infinite coordination polymer of ferrocene dicarboxylic acid and employed as carriers to load AgCQDs. The prepared AgCQDs@PNS-PEI has good biocompatibility and electrical conductivity and can be used as a matrix for the immobilization of a secondary antibody (Ab2). A sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor using AgCQDs@PNS-PEI nanocomposite as probe has been developed for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The proposed immunosensor exhibits a linear range from 0.00100 to 500 mIU mL-1 and the detection limit is 0.33 μIU mL-1 (S/N = 3) under optimal conditions. The sensor exhibits excellent selectivity, good reproducibility, and high stability. These features demonstrate that the proposed method has promising potential for clinical protein detection and displays a new strategy to fabricate an immunosensor. Graphical abstract.
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Ma H, Zhou J, Li Y, Han T, Zhang Y, Hu L, Du B, Wei Q. A label-free electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on EuPO4 nanowire for the ultrasensitive detection of Prostate specific antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:352-358. [PMID: 26855165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
EuPO4 nanowire, which exhibited strong and stable cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) activity, was used for the first time to fabricate an immunosensor for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). EuPO4 has some inherent excellent properties such as long luminescence lifetime, narrow emission band, high quantum yield and low toxicity. Based on these properties, a novel label-free ECL immunosensor was developed using EuPO4 as a sensing matrix. Chitosan solution was used to disperse EuPO4 nanowires and the amino groups on chitosan enabled the covalent attachment of capture antibodies. After the modification of the electrode surface with EuPO4 nanowires, anti-PSA was then immobilized on them, forming a label-free immunosensing interface. The specific binding of PSA on the electrode inhibited the ECL reaction of EuPO4 nanowires with the coreactant due to the steric hindrance effect (Deng et al., 2013). Under the optimum conditions, a good linear relationship between ECL intensity and the logarithm of PSA concentration was obtained in the range of 0.0005-80 ng/mL with a detection limit of 177.33 fg/mL. The proposed ECL immunosensor showed good stability, acceptable selectivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Ma
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Tongqian Han
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Hu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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Li X, Guo Q, Cao W, Li Y, Du B, Wei Q. Enhanced electrochemiluminescence from luminol at carboxyl graphene for detection of α-fetoprotein. Anal Biochem 2014; 457:59-64. [PMID: 24769071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed by carboxyl graphene (GR) for enhancing luminol-O2 system emission. Here, carboxyl GR was used to enhance the ECL intensity of luminol that had excellent electron transfer ability and good solubility. The sensing platform was constructed by depositing carboxyl GR on electrodes and immobilizing antibodies on the surface of carboxyl GR through amidation. The specific immunoreaction between α-fetoprotein (AFP) and antibodies resulted in a decrease of ECL intensity, and the intensity decreased linearly with AFP concentrations in the range of 5 pg ml(-1) to 14 ng ml(-1) with a detection limit of 2.0 pg ml(-1). The proposed immunosensor exhibits high specificity, good reproducibility, and longtime stability. It may become a promising technique for protein detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing and Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfang Guo
- College of Resources, Shandong Water Polytechnic, Rizhao 276826, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing and Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing and Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing and Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing and Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Zhang X, Ma H, Wu D, Zhang Y, Du B, Wei Q. Cathodic electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on nanocomposites of semiconductor carboxylated g-C3N4 and graphene for the ultrasensitive detection of squamous cell carcinoma antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 55:330-6. [PMID: 24412767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was developed for the detection of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) based on nanocomposites of semiconductor carboxylated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and graphene (g-C3N4-graphene). The ECL intensity of carboxylated g-C3N4 was much enhanced after being combined with graphene which had excellent electron-transfer ability. The sensing platform was constructed by depositing g-C3N4-graphene on electrodes and immobilizing antibodies on the surface of carboxylated g-C3N4 through amidation. The specific immunoreaction between SCCA and antibody resulted in the decrease of ECL intensity and the intensity decreased linearly with the logarithm of SCCA concentration in the range of 0.025-10 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 8.53 pg mL(-1). The developed ECL immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility and long-term stability, which possessed great potential for cancer detection in clinical laboratory diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
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