Combined effects of planting patterns and mowing time on different organs and soil stoichiometry of Cyperus esculentus in desert oasis transition zone

There are many different planting methods for crops, however it is very important to improve the distribution ratio of elements in different organs of crops. Therefore, to understand the effect of different planting patterns on crop element balance, we selected Cyperus esculentus continuous cropping (CC) and C. esculentus - wheat rotation cropping (RC). The leaves, tubers, roots, and soil samples were taken at the mowing time (August 1st, on the 81st day after seed sowing; August 24th, on the 105th day after seed sowing; September 16th, on the 128th day after seed sowing). Results showed that CC and RC had significant effects on soil SO42- and Cl-. With the mowing time, the relative abundance of TN (total nitrogen) in tubers showed an increasing trend, the relative richness of TN in roots decreased, and the relative content of TN in leaves showed no change in the trend under the two planting modes. CC significantly increased the TN/TP (total phosphorus) of leaves, roots, and tubers. However, RC significantly increased the AN (available nitrogen)/AP (available phosphorus) of soil. The random forest analysis (RF) showed that abiotic factors contributed the most to TN/TK (total potassium) of roots, followed by TN/TK of tubers and TP/TK of roots. We found that abiotic factors had no significant impact on TP/TK of leaves and TN/TP of tubers. As expected, different planting patterns alter the plant's N (nitrogen)/P (phosphorus)/K (potassium), which in turn may modify N and P conservation strategies.

Will nuclear polluted seafood stop selling in the blockchain-enabled market? Lessons from government punishment and social cognition for retailer's selling

In April 2021, Japan's decision to dump nuclear wastewater into the ocean has raised worldwide attention. Therefore, to focus on seafood safety from firm and government in this event, we construct a game model to explore the technology-enabled ways to resolve conflict from domestic product and polluted product. Our analysis reveals the potential equilibrium strategy for the domestic product only and two types of products, respectively. Moreover, from the perspective of government punishment, the result shows the existing motivation of polluted product in the market. Finally, we also investigate the five aspects to find the changes of market share for domestic product, including customer choice, product freshness, market uncertainty, geographical distance, and shoddy product, respectively. In summary, this research provides management implications to resolve conflict between two types of products and to realize the multi-party balance of interests and technology-enabled value.

Vertical value-added cost information sharing in a supply chain

We study a two-echelon supply chain with two homogeneous manufacturers and one common retailer who has full knowledge about his own value-added service cost structure that is unknown to the manufacturers. The retailer may choose to disclose his cost information to the manufacturers. Using a three-stage game-theoretic model, we derive optimal pricing strategies for each participant, and optimal information sharing strategies, and the optimal level of the value-added services for the retailer. Our study also reveals when the manufacturers should accept the disclosed information by the retailer. It is shown that information sharing does not always create a win-win situation among the partners in the supply chain. When the value-added service cost efficiency is low, the retailer is willing to share complete information with the manufacturers; however, information sharing harms the manufacturers' profits if they accept the shared information. In contrast, when the value-added service cost efficiency is high, the common retailer has no incentive to share information with the manufacturers and the unique equilibrium is no information sharing. Finally, we utilize a revenue-sharing contract to achieve supply chain coordination and induce information sharing under asymmetric information.