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Domínguez-Maqueda M, García-Márquez J, Tapia-Paniagua ST, González-Fernández C, Cuesta A, Espinosa-Ruíz C, Esteban MÁ, Alarcón FJ, Balebona MC, Moriñigo MÁ. Evaluation of the Differential Postbiotic Potential of Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 Cultured in Several Growing Conditions. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2024; 26:1-18. [PMID: 38153608 PMCID: PMC10869407 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-023-10271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The increased knowledge of functional foods has led to the development of a new generation of health products, including those containing probiotics and products derived from them. Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 (SpPdp11) is a strain described as a probiotic that exerts important beneficial effects on several farmed fish. However, the use of live probiotic cells in aquaculture has limitations such as uncertain survival and shelf life, which can limit their efficacy. In addition, its efficacy can vary across species and hosts. When probiotics are administered orally, their activity can be affected by the environment present in the host and by interactions with the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, live cells can also produce undesired substances that may negatively impact the host as well as the risk of potential virulence reversion acquired such as antibiotic resistance. Therefore, new alternatives emerged such as postbiotics. Currently, there is no knowledge about the postbiotic potential of SpPdp11 in the aquaculture industry. Postbiotic refers to the use of bacterial metabolites, including extracellular products (ECPs), to improve host physiology. However, the production of postbiotic metabolites can be affected by various factors such as cultivation conditions, which can affect bacterial metabolism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the postbiotic potential of ECPs from SpPdp11 under different cultivation conditions, including culture media, temperature, growth phase, and salinity. We analyzed their hydrolytic, antibacterial, antiviral, and cytotoxic capacity on several fish cell lines. The results obtained have demonstrated how each ECP condition can exert a different hydrolytic profile, reduce the biofilm formation by bacterial pathogens relevant to fish, lower the titer of nervous necrosis virus (NNV), and exert a cytotoxic effect on different fish cell lines. In conclusion, the ECPs obtained from SpPdp11 have different capacities depending on the cultivation conditions used. These conditions must be considered in order to recover the maximum number of beneficial capacities or to choose the appropriate conditions for specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Domínguez-Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Márquez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Silvana T Tapia-Paniagua
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, Ceimar-Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - María Carmen Balebona
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Ceimar-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Yuan Z, Song H, Huang Q, Liu J, Sun H, Meng X, Qian A, Sun W, Shan X. Immune enhancement effects of inactivated vaccine against extracellular products of Aeromonas caviae AC-CY on crucian carp. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 127:1001-1011. [PMID: 35870745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas caviae is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause disease in aquatic organisms and mammals, including humans, and it is widespread in nature, especially in freshwater environments. Previous research has reported that extracellular products (ECPs) secreted by pathogens during growth are effective protective antigens that can induce the host immune response and protect the host from pathogens. However, little is known about how ECPs enhance immunity. Here, we prepared extracellular products by the cellophane plate method, determined the total protein concentration, and analysed the protein composition of the extracellular products by SDS-PAGE. Subsequently, their enzyme activity and pathogenicity were evaluated separately. Crucian carp were randomly divided into four groups to receive formalin-inactivated A. caviae vaccine (FKC), ECPs mixed with the same amount of Freund's complete adjuvant, the same amount of ECPs mixed with an equal volume of A. caviae inactivated vaccine (FKC + ECPs), sterile PBS alone via intraperitoneal injection. On Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after immunization, the expression levels of IgM, SOD, and CAT and the lysozyme (LYS) activity in the serum were detected by ELISA, and the relative expression levels of the TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes in the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and gills were measured by qPCR. The extracellular products generated five clearly visible protein bands and exhibited lipase, protease, amylase, DNase and lysozyme but no urease or lecithinase activities. In addition, the median lethal doses of A. caviae and ECPs to crucian carp were 411.64 μg/fish and 1.6 × 105 CFU/mL, respectively. Compared with those of the control group, the IgM, SOD, and CAT contents and serum LYS activity were significantly increased in the experimental groups, and the qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-10 genes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were significantly increased after injection immunization. In addition, the relative immune protection rates of the three experimental groups were 60%, 65%, and 45%, all of which were significantly higher than those of the control group. Collectively, our findings show that the extracellular products of A. caviae can be used as a vaccine to significantly improve the immune level of crucian carp and have obvious anti-infection ability. This may represent a promising approach to prevent and control infection by A. caviae and provides strong theoretical support for the development of new inactivated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haichao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qian Huang
- School of Medicine, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Juntong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haifei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wuwen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Hernández-Pérez A, Söderhäll K, Sirikharin R, Jiravanichpaisal P, Söderhäll I. Vibrio areninigrae as a pathogenic bacterium in a crustacean. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 178:107517. [PMID: 33333063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of infectious diseases poses a significant threat to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Therefore, characterization of potentially harmful pathogens is one of the most important strategies to control disease outbreaks. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the pathogenicity of two Vibrio species, Vibrio metschnikovii, a foodborne pathogen that causes fatalities in humans, and Vibrio areninigrae, a bacteria isolated from black sand in Korea, using a crustacean model, the signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. Mortality challenges indicated that injection of V. metschnikovii (108 CFU/crayfish) has a mortality percentage of 22% in crayfish. In contrast, injection of P. leniusculus with 108 or 107 CFU of V. areninigrae resulted in 100% mortality within one and two days post-injection, respectively. V. areninigrae was successfully re-isolated from hepatopancreas of infected crayfish and caused 100% mortality when reinjected into new healthy crayfish. As a consequence of this infection, histopathological analysis revealed nodule formation in crayfish hepatopancreas, heart, and gills, as well as sloughed cells inside hepatopancreatic tubules and atrophy. Moreover, extracellular crude products (ECP's) were obtained from V. areninigrae in order to investigate putative virulence factors. In vivo challenges with ECP's caused >90% mortalities within the first 24 h. In vitro challenges with ECP's of hemocytes induced cytotoxicity of hemocytes within the first hour of exposure. These findings represent the first report that V. areninigrae is a highly pathogenic bacterium that can cause disease in crustaceans. On the contrary, V. metschnikovii could not represent a threat for freshwater crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Hernández-Pérez
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ratchanok Sirikharin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Irene Söderhäll
- SciLife Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Di Caprio F, Pipitone LM, Altimari P, Pagnanelli F. Extracellular and intracellular phenol production by microalgae during photoautotrophic batch cultivation. N Biotechnol 2020; 62:1-9. [PMID: 33358937 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of phenol production by microalgae can contribute to the development of microalgal biorefinery processes with higher economic and environmental sustainability. However, little is known about how phenols are produced and accumulate during microalgal cultivation. In this study, both extracellular and intracellular phenol production by two microalgal strains (Tetradesmus obliquus and Chlorella sp.) were investigated throughout a conventional photoautotrophic batch cultivation. The highest intracellular phenol content (10-25 mg g-1) and productivity (12-18 mg L-1 d-1) were attained for both strains in the first part of the batch, indicating a positive relation with nutrient availability and biomass productivity. Extracellular phenol production was 2-20 fold lower than intracellular phenols, but reached up to 27 mg L-1 for T. obliquus and 13 mg L-1 for Chlorella sp. The latter finding highlights relevant issues about the management of the exhausted culture medium, due to likely antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Di Caprio
- University Sapienza of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Maria Pipitone
- University Sapienza of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Altimari
- University Sapienza of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagnanelli
- University Sapienza of Rome, Department of Chemistry, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Huo K, Zhao F, Zhang F, Liu R, Yang C. Morphology engineering: a new strategy to construct microbial cell factories. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:127. [PMID: 32712725 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, synthetic biology approaches have been developed for constructing microbial cell factories capable of efficient synthesis of high value-added products. Most studies have focused on the construction of novel biosynthetic pathways and their regulatory processes. Morphology engineering has recently been proposed as a novel strategy for constructing efficient microbial cell factories, which aims at controlling cell shape and cell division pattern by manipulating the cell morphology-related genes. Morphology engineering strategies have been exploited for improving bacterial growth rate, enlarging cell volume and simplifying downstream separation. This mini-review summarizes cell morphology-related proteins and their function, current advances in manipulation tools and strategies of morphology engineering, and practical applications of morphology engineering for enhanced production of intracellular product polyhydroxyalkanoate and extracellular products. Furthermore, current limitations and the future development direction using morphology engineering are proposed.
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Wang W, Lv X, Liu Z, Song X, Yi Q, Wang L, Song L. The sensing pattern and antitoxic response of Crassostrea gigas against extracellular products of Vibrio splendidus. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 102:103467. [PMID: 31425720 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Serious juvenile oyster disease induced by pathogenic Vibrio splendidus has resulted in tremendous economic loss, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this killing mechanism remain unclear. The resistance of adult oyster to V. splendidus or its virulence factors might provide a possible access to cognize the interaction between pathogen and host. In the present study, the extracellular products (ECP) from less virulent V. splendidus JZ6 were injected into adult Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, and the cellular and humoral immune response induced by ECP were investigated. The phagocytosis rate of hemocytes was significantly up-regulated (30.57%) at 6 h after ECP injection compared with that (21%) of control groups. And significantly high level of ROS production was also observed from 3 h to 12 h in ECP-injected oysters, concomitant with increased apoptosis rate of hemocytes (16.4% in ECP-injected group, p < 0.01) compared with control group (6.7%). By RT-PCR analysis, the expression level of antioxidant CgSOD in hemocytes significantly increased to 6.41-fold of that in control groups (p < 0.01) at 12 h post ECP injection. The expression levels of anti-toxic metalloprotease inhibitors CgTIMP629 and CgTIMP628 were also significantly up-regulated at the early (3-6 h) and late (6-24 h) stage of immune response, respectively. Moreover, after the ECP were incubated with serum proteins isolated from the ECP-injected oysters in vitro, the metalloprotease activity of ECP significantly declined by 21.39%, and less degraded serum proteins were detected by SDS-PAGE. When the primarily cultured hemocytes were stimulated with heat-inactivated ECP or fragments derived from ECP-degraded serum proteins, the expressions of CgTIMP629 (13.64 and 7.03-fold of that in saline group, respectively, p < 0.01) and CgTIMP628 (5.07 and 6.08-fold of that in saline group, respectively, p < 0.01) in hemocytes were all significantly induced. All the results indicated that the adult oysters could launch phagocytosis, antioxidant and anti-toxic response to resist the virulence of ECP, possibly by sensing heterologous ECP and ECP-induced endogenous alarm signals. These results provided a possible clue for the resistance mechanism of adult oysters towards the ECP of less virulent V. splendidus, which might be valuable for exploring strategies for the control of oyster disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Song MF, Kang YH, Zhang DX, Chen L, Bi JF, Zhang HP, Zhang L, Qian AD, Shan XF. Immunogenicity of extracellular products from an inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas veronii TH0426 in koi, Cyprinus carpio. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 81:176-181. [PMID: 30026173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a type of human-livestock-aquatic animal pathogen; it is widely found in nature and causes many deaths among aquatic animals. Extracellular products (ECPs) are secreted by the pathogen during growth and reproduction. These products are considered effective protective antigens that can induce the host to produce an immune response. In this study, the ECPs of A.veronii TH0426 were prepared by ultrafiltration, and then the pathogenicity and enzymatic activity of the ECPs were determined. All the groups were injected intraperitoneally, as follows: group one: ECP protein with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant; group two: ECPs and formalin-killed cells (FKC) of A.veronii combined with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant (FKC + ECPs); group three: formalin-killed cells (FKC) of A.veronii combined with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant (FKC); and, group four: sterile PBS as the control group. The expression levels of IgM, IL-1β, and TNF-α and the lysozyme activity in blood were examined at 7, 14, and 21 days after the immunizations. The results show that the ECPs can produce protease, lipase, amylase and hemolyase, and there was no lecithinase, urease, or gelatinase activity. The results indicate that the ECPs were clearly pathogenic to koi fish, and the LD50 dose was 391.6 μg/fish. Throughout this study, the RPS of the three experimental groups were 75%, 50%, and 70%. This study indicates that the ECPs of A.veronii can effectively enhance the ability of kio fish to resist bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jian-Fei Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hai-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Wang R, Sun L, Wang Y, Deng Y, Fang Z, Liu Y, Deng Q, Sun D, Gooneratne R. Influence of food matrix type on extracellular products of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:65. [PMID: 29976139 PMCID: PMC6034228 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802 and 33847) in shrimp, oyster, freshwater fish, pork, chicken and egg fried rice were evaluated for production of hemolysin and exoenzymes of potential importance to the pathogenicity of this bacterium. RESULTS The two strains of V. parahaemolyticus produced hemolysin, gelatinase, caseinase, phospholipase, urease, DNase and amylase in selected food matrices. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) hemolytic activity was produced by V. parahaemolyticus in egg fried rice > shrimp > freshwater fish > chicken > oyster > pork. But the exoenzyme activities were not consistent with the hemolytic activity profile, being significantly higher (p < 0.05) in shrimp > freshwater fish > chicken > oyster > pork > egg fried rice. Filtrates of V. parahaemolyticus from shrimp, freshwater fish and chicken given intraperitoneally to adult mice induced marked liver and kidney damage and were highly lethal compared with the filtrates of V. parahaemolyticus from oyster > egg fried rice > pork. CONCLUSION From in vitro and in vivo tests, it appears that the food matrix type has a significant impact on the activity of extracellular products and the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. From a food safety aspect, it is important to determine which food matrices can stimulate V. parahaemolyticus to produce additional extracellular factors. This is the first report of non-seafood including freshwater fish and chicken contaminated with V. parahaemolyticus to have been shown to be toxic to mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dongfang Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation, Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand
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Dubief B, Nunes FLD, Basuyaux O, Paillard C. Immune priming and portal of entry effectors improve response to vibrio infection in a resistant population of the European abalone. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 60:255-264. [PMID: 27836724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since 1997, populations of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata suffer mass mortalities attributed to the bacterium Vibrio harveyi. These mortalities occur at the spawning season, when the abalone immune system is depressed, and when temperatures exceed 17 °C, leading to favorable conditions for V. harveyi proliferation. In order to identify mechanisms of disease resistance, experimental successive infections were carried out on two geographically distinct Brittany populations: one that has suffered recurrent mortalities (Saint-Malo) and one that has not been impacted by the disease (Molène). Furthermore, abalone surviving these two successive bacterial challenges and uninfected abalone were used for several post-infection analyses. The Saint-Malo population was found to be resistant to V. harveyi infection, with a survival rate of 95% compared to 51% for Molène. While in vitro quantification of phagocytosis by flow cytometry showed strong inhibition following the first infection, no inhibition of phagocytosis was observed following the second infection for Saint-Malo, suggesting an immune priming effect. Moreover, assays of phagocytosis of GFP-labelled V. harveyi performed two months post-infection show an inhibition of phagocytosis by extracellular products of V. harveyi for uninfected abalone, while no effect was observed for previously infected abalone from Saint-Malo, suggesting that the effects of immune priming may last upwards of two months. Detection of V. harveyi by qPCR showed that a significantly greater number of abalone from the susceptible population were positive for V. harveyi in the gills, indicating that portal of entry effectors may play a role in resistance to the disease. Collectively, these results suggest a potential synergistic effect of gills and hemolymph in the resistance of H. tuberculata against V. harveyi with an important involvement of the gills, the portal of entry of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dubief
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, University of Brest (UBO), Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Flavia L D Nunes
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, University of Brest (UBO), Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France; Ifremer Centre de Bretagne, DYNECO, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Olivier Basuyaux
- Synergie Mer et Littoral, Centre Expérimental ZAC de Blainville, 50560, Blainville-sur-mer, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, University of Brest (UBO), Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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10
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Yu D, Huang X, Zou C, Li B, Duan J, Yin Q. Isolation and identification of sinapine-degrading bacteria from the intestinal tract of laying hens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:57-62. [PMID: 29767072 PMCID: PMC5940989 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to isolate sinapine-degrading bacteria from the intestinal tract of laying hens and to identify the predominant bacteria. Thirty-week old healthy laying hens were killed, and the chyme in the digestive tract was inoculated into modified Czapek medium containing sinapin and cultivated at 37 °C for 10 days. The optical density (OD) values of the bacterial solutions at different cultivating times were detected by a spectrophotometric method. The predominant strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis. We extracted the extracellular products of the predominant strains to determine the total protein using the Coomassie brilliant blue method, and to determine the activities of some extracellular enzymes using the agar plate diffusion method. Nine strains were isolated from the lower intestinal tract of laying hens. Among the 9 strains, 5 were from the ileum, 2 were from the ceca and 2 were from the jejunum. We could not isolate any strains from the upper intestinal tract, such as the stomach and duodenum. Eight of those 9 isolated strains were gram negative and one was gram positive. Strains YD-1 and YD-2 were better than other strains in their abilities to degrade sinapine. Strains YD-1 and YD-2 were identified as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., respectively, by the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The total protein level of the extracellular products was 1.213 g/L for YD-1 and 1.990 g/L for YD-2. Both extracellular products of YD-1 and YD-2 had the activities of protease, amylase and urease. This study confirmed that the primary site of sinapine degradation is in the lower intestinal tract of laying hens. The sinapine-degrading strains are mainly gram negative. Strains YD-1 and YD-2 are predominant in degrading sinapine and they belong to E. coli and Klebsiella spp., respectively. Both extracellular products of YD-1 and YD-2 contain protease, amylase and urease. Strain YD-2 is better than strain YD-1 in its ability to degrade sinapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Feed Institute of Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengyi Zou
- Feed Institute of Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bin Li
- Feed Institute of Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jing Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Yin
- Feed Institute of Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
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11
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Chuang WH, Liu PC, Hung CY, Lee KK. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of alpha-2-macroglobulin in cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 41:346-355. [PMID: 25245622 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α-2-M) is a broad spectrum protease inhibitor which is abundant in the plasma of vertebrates and several invertebrates. The α-2-M was purified from cobia (Rachycentron canadum) plasma by a four-step procedure: poly ethylene glycol fractionation, affinity chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion exchange chromatography on Fast Protein liquid chromatography system in the present study. It migrated as one protein band with a molecular mass of about 360 kDa in the native state, whereas in SDS-PAGE it was about 180 kDa under non-reducing condition. This result revealed that the native protein was a dimer. In addition, it was cleaved into two different fragments of molecular mass about 93 and 87 kDa when reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT). The anti-protease activity of the purified α-2-M was apparently decreased as temperature elevated above 50 °C. The α-2-M exhibited highest protease inhibitory activity at pH 9. The results indicate that the α-2-M is a heat-labile and alkaline protease inhibitor. The purified α-2-M exhibited more than 50% protease inhibitory activity against extracellular products (ECP) of Vibrio alginolytius isolated from diseased cobia. It seems that the protease activities in ECP may be affected by the plasma α-2-M. The protease inhibitory activities of cobia plasma or purified α-2-M were decreased when incubated with 10 mM methylamine for 30 min. The α-2-M cDNA consisted of 4611 bp with an open reading frame of 4374 bp had been cloned from cobia liver. This sequence contained thioester domain (GCGEQ) and thirteen predicted N-linked glycosylation sites. In addition, the amino acid sequence of thioester domain and genes of adjacent regions of cobia α-2-M were further compared with sequences of known fish species in GenBank. The unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) was employed to construct the phylogenetic trees of α-2-M among different fish species (freshwater fish, sea water fish and primitive fish), and all these fish species were then clustered into three groups. The cobia α-2-M was closer to that of sea water fish than that of freshwater fish compared basing on its similarity of amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiao Chuang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Hung
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Kau Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Travers MA, Mersni Achour R, Haffner P, Tourbiez D, Cassone AL, Morga B, Doghri I, Garcia C, Renault T, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Saulnier D. First description of French V. tubiashii strains pathogenic to mollusk: I. Characterization of isolates and detection during mortality events. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 123:38-48. [PMID: 24815818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nine dominant bacterial isolates were obtained from different batches of Crassostrea gigas spat experiencing high mortality rates in a French experimental hatchery/nursery in 2007. Using phenotypic analysis combined with multilocus sequence analysis, the isolates were shown to be genetically close to the Vibrio tubiashii type strain. Based on (1) analyses of the recA gene sequences; (2) the results of DNA-DNA hybridization assays between 07/118 T2 (LMG 27884=CECT 8426), which is a representative strain, and the V. tubiashii type strain (69%); and (3) phenotypic traits, the bacteria were classified in a group close to American V. tubiashii strain. Its virulence (70% of mortalities) and the toxicity of the extracellular products of 07/118 T2 was demonstrated (41% of mortalities). Moreover, a QPCR diagnostic tool targeting the gyrB gene was developed to investigate the epidemiological significance of V. tubiashii in French oyster mortality outbreaks recorded by the national surveillance network. Of the 21 batches originating from hatcheries, only two were positive, whereas V. tubiashii DNA could not be detected in any of the batches of moribund animals collected in field/outdoor facilities. These results demonstrate the existence of a group of virulent V. tubiashii in France that episodically infect C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnès Travers
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France.
| | - Rachida Mersni Achour
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France; UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France; Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, France
| | - Philippe Haffner
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Delphine Tourbiez
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Anne-Laure Cassone
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Ibtissem Doghri
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Tristan Renault
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France; Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
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Zhang D, Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Vaccination of channel catfish with extracellular products of Aeromonas hydrophila provides protection against infection by the pathogen. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 36:270-275. [PMID: 24321514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the economically-important pathogens in modern aquaculture. Among various traits, extracellular products (ECP) secreted by the bacterium are considered to be essential factors for virulence. Whether vaccination with the ECP could produce immune protection in catfish against the pathogen was determined in this study. The results showed that fish vaccinated with ECP had 100% of relative percent survival (RPS) when challenged with the pathogen two weeks post vaccination. The anti-ECP serum from vaccinated fish could aggregate cells of homogeneous bacteria as well as other virulent strains (isolates) of A. hydrophila but not an A. veronii isolate and a low virulent field isolate. The agglutination titers increased from two weeks to four weeks post immunization and sustained a high level at week seven when the RPS remained at 100%. The anti-ECP serum could also provide naïve fish with immediate protection against A. hydrophila as evidenced by passive immunization. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the anti-ECP serum contained antibodies that bound to specific targets, including protein and lipopolysaccharide-like molecules, in the ECP. Mass spectrometric analysis identified following putative proteins that may serve as important immunogens: chitinase, chitodextrinase, outer membrane protein85, putative metalloprotease, extracellular lipase, hemolysin and elastase. Findings revealed in this study suggest that, while ECP prepared in a conventional and convenient way could be a vaccine candidate, further characterization of antibody-mediated targets in the ECP would uncover quintessential antigens for the future development of highly efficacious vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunhua Zhang
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
| | - Julia W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
| | - Phillip H Klesius
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
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Sahu I, Das BK, Marhual N, Samanta M, Mishra BK, Eknath AE. Toxicity of Crude Extracellular Products of Aeromonas hydrophila on Rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham.). Indian J Microbiol 2011; 51:515-20. [PMID: 23024416 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the haemolytic and proteolytic activity of extracellular products (ECP) secreted from Aeromonas hydrophila (CAHH14 strain) were studied with respect to temperature and different time of incubation as well as its lethal toxicity on rohu, Labeo rohita. The strain was isolated from Catla catla (showing abdominal dropsy symptom) collected from the pond of Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), Bhubaneswar, India and was characterized on the basis of biochemical tests. The highest production of haemolysin was achieved when the bacteria was grown at 35°C for 30 h. The proteolytic activity was found to be highest when the bacterium was grown at 30°C for 36 h. The haemolytic and proteolytic toxin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila was found to be lethal to rohu (LD(50) 1.7 × 10(4) cfu/ml). The lethality of ECP was decreased by heating and completely inactivated by boiling at 100°C for 10 min. This indicates that protease activity and haemolytic activity of A. hydrophila ECP was temperature dependant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Sahu
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
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