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Ishimi Y, Takebayashi J, Tousen Y, Yamauchi J, Fuchino H, Kawano T, Inui T, Yoshimatsu K, Kawahara N. Quality evaluation of health foods containing licorice in the Japanese Market. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:904-913. [PMID: 31508319 PMCID: PMC6722472 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing on licorice, a highly used raw material in health foods, quantitative analysis of functional/medicinal components and a safety and functional evaluation was carried out for herbal medicines, health food ingredients, and so-called health foods. A functional component, glabridin, was detected in herbal medicines from Glycyrrhiza glabra and G. inflata, health food ingredients, and in commercially available health foods that contain licorice. Likewise, glycyrrhizin, a medicinal component, was detected in these sources, except in licorice oil extract. Estrogen activity in vitro was detected in some of the herbal medicines, health food ingredients, and in health foods containing licorice. In the in vivo study, liver weight in ovariectomized (OVX) mice treated with licorice oil extract was significantly higher than that in OVX and sham mice in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that excessive intake of licorice oil extract from health foods should be avoided, even though these ingredients might be beneficial for medical use in order to maintain bone health in postmenopausal women. Measurement of hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) activity, reproductive organ weight, and fat and bone mass in OVX mice was considered useful for evaluating the safety and efficacy of estrogenic health food ingredients derived from herbal medicines.
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Key Words
- BMD, bone mineral density
- CAA, Consumer Affairs Agency
- CYP, cytochrome P-450
- Cytochrome P-450 (CYP)
- DGL, deglycyrrhizin
- E2, 17β-estradiol
- Estrogenic activity
- FFC, Foods with Function Claims
- FNFC, Foods with Nutrient Functional Claim
- FOSHU, Foods for Specified Health Uses
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- Health foods
- Herbal medicines
- Licorice
- ORAC, oxygen radical absorption capacity
- Safety assessment
- TE, Trolox equivalent
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishimi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Takebayashi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Tousen
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Yamauchi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Fuchino
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Kawano
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Inui
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Yoshimatsu
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N Kawahara
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-2 Hachimandai Tsukuba-shi, 305-0843 Ibaraki, Japan
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