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Zhang J, Yang L, Liu Y, Xing M, Wu Y, Bing H. Pollution and mobility of heavy metals in the soils of a typical agricultural zone in eastern China. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:91. [PMID: 38367072 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The pollution of heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural soils profoundly threatens national food safety, and the mobility and environmental behaviors of HMs are closely implicated in crop safety. Here, we assessed the pollution level and mobility of ten HMs and explored their environmental behaviors in the soils of three different land uses from a main crop production zone in eastern China. The concentrations of HMs in the soils were higher in the farmland than the woodland and wasteland, and Cd showed a relatively higher pollution and ecological risk levels compared to other metals. Cadmium was dominated by the reducible (41%) and exchangeable (23%) fractions, and the rest of HMs were mainly in the residual fraction (> 60%). The significant correlation between the exchangeable and DGT-labile Cd indicates relatively higher mobility of Cd in the soils. Soil pH, organic matters and mineral elements had significant correlation with the exchangeable and reducible fractions of most of the HMs (e.g., Cd, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb and V; p < 0.05), indicating their good predictors of the HMs mobility. However, this was not the case for the DGT-labile fraction, which suggests a marked difference in the controlling mechanisms of the mobility versus potential bioavailability of HMs in the soils. The results of this study indicate that both the chemically extracted fractions and the bioavailable fractions of HMs need be considered when effectively assessing the safety of agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, China
| | - Menghan Xing
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610299, China.
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Li J, Chang R, Ban X, Yuan GL, Wang J. Primary emissions or environmental persistence contribute to the present DDTs: Evidence from sediment records in Tibetan lakes. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132342. [PMID: 37598514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) compounds are still circulating the global environment even though the technical DDT has been restricted in agriculture since the last century. The persistent presence of DDTs worldwide remains uncertain, as it is unclear whether their existence is primarily due to ongoing use or the prolonged persistence in soils and sediments that result in continuous reemission into the atmosphere. The present study applied a sequential extraction procedure to determine the DDT concentrations in rapid desorption, slow desorption, and bound residue fractions in the dated sediment cores from distinct regions of Tibet. The temporal variation of total DDTs (sum of three fractions) in sediments from southern and eastern Tibet respectively revealed the different DDT usage histories in India and China mainland. Nevertheless, the current application volumes of DDT-containing products in these regions were found to decrease significantly. The reversible transformations among three fractions of DDTs with aging time was observed along sediment profile, including the back conversion from bound residue. This process may be the key driver to prolong the half-life of sediment p,p'-DDT, resulting in the persistence of secondary sources of this persistent organic pollutant in the global environment for a longer duration than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ruwen Chang
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiyu Ban
- School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guo-Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Long Z, Bing H, Zhu H, Wu Y. Soil covering measure mitigates vanadium loss during short-term simulated rainfall in the vanadium titano-magnetite tailings reservoir. J Environ Manage 2023; 330:117201. [PMID: 36603266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil covering is an operative measure to decline pollutant release in tailings reservoirs and promote vegetation restoration, yet urgent research still needs to probe into pollutant leaching and migration in the artifact technology under extreme precipitation. Here, a soil column leaching experiment was designed to explore the migration and behaviors of vanadium (V) in the system of vanadium titano-magnetite tailings (VTMTs) covered by soils with different depths (5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm). Chemical fractions of V in the VTMTs and covered soils were analyzed to decipher the mechanisms underlying the V migration. We found a limited V leaching (0.26-0.52 μg/L, <0.01% of total V) in the columns during the experiments, and V in the VTMTs was not apt to be leached or migrate upward to the overlying soils. The soil volumes overlaid had nonsignificant effect on the V behaviors in the VTMTs (P > 0.05), because of the dominant and stable residual V (96.4% of total V) in the tailings. Although acid soluble V might be transformed to oxidizable V, it was resupplied by the fractions of weak-bound V in the solid phases during the leaching experiments. The mineral metal (hydr)oxides (e.g., aluminum, iron) determined the V behaviors in the VTMTs via absorption effect, and the high affinity of V to organic matters probably prevented its migration throughout the overlying soils. The results indicate that soil covering measure in the VTMTs reservoirs effectively reduces V migration or release from the tailings through leaching or upward migration, which provides a significant guidance for vegetation restoration in V-rich tailings reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Long
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - He Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Hou S, Dong H, Du X, Feng L. Early warning on risk development in compound lead and cadmium contaminated sites. J Hazard Mater 2021; 416:126174. [PMID: 34492949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on the transformation among metal fractions defined by the Tessier sequential extraction procedure and integrated risk information assessed by delayed geochemical hazard (DGH) methodology, including development paths and their burst probabilities, trigger conditions, and the contribution of each metal to risk development, an approach was proposed to provide an early warning on risk development in metal compound-contaminated sites and tested in a lead and cadmium-contaminated site. Risk assessment indicated that the site was at a high to extremely high ecological risk. DGH analysis revealed that the transformation from the fraction bound to carbonate and organic matter to the exchangeable fraction was dominant in the development of either single or combined lead and cadmium risk, which was triggered by soil acidification and the continuous decline of soil organic matter; risk development might have occurred in 6.52-80.4% of the case site with burst probabilities of 6.52-80.4%, 8.70-39.1% and 8.70-80.4% for lead risk, cadmium risk and combined lead-cadmium risk, respectively; with the dominant role of lead, the two metals overall accelerated the development of their compound risk by changing each other's DGH paths. The proposed DGH-based approach is promising for early warning on risk development in compound contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hou
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Haochen Dong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6158540, Japan
| | - Xiaokun Du
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Liu Feng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Shu L, Ng JC, Tang W, Zhao Y, Sun L, Zhang H. Assessment methodology applied to arsenic pollution in lake sediments combining static and dynamic processes. Chemosphere 2021; 277:130260. [PMID: 34384176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fraction transformation from stable to mobile forms in sediments is continuous, slow, and spontaneous chain reactions causing static risks to the aquatic system. However, this process may change into abrupt, rapid, and dynamic paths when certain physicochemical conditions changed. Using the Delayed Geochemical Hazard (DGH) model, comprehensive methods combing both static and dynamic risk assessment were therefore conducted to evaluate the aforementioned processes. By applying these methods, arsenic (As) pollution in surface sediments of the Baiyangdian Lake (BYD Lake) was investigated thoroughly as a case study area. The results showed that the total As concentrations in those sediment samples ranged from 4.87 to 17.94 mg/kg, with an average of 8.75 mg/kg. In a fraction, Fe and Mn were observed to pose effects on the surface-adsorbed (AsS) and residual fractions (AsR) with the coefficient analysis. The static risk assessment showed that both the contamination and ecological risk are at a low level in the total content but a low to moderate risk in the fraction. The dynamic risk assessment posted the potential transformation paths of As in the sediments, indicating a trend of potential DGH burst in 45.24%-78.57% of the BYD Lake. In summary, this study provides a methodology for the risk assessment of arsenic that may extend to other heavy metal(loid)s combining static and dynamic processes in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Chen G, Han K, Liu C, Yan B. Quantitative research on heavy metal removal of flue gas desulfurization-derived wastewater sludge by electrokinetic treatment. J Hazard Mater 2021; 414:125561. [PMID: 34030412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flue gas desulfurization-derived wastewater sludge (FGD-WWS) has been produced increasingly in China and India etc., and its content of heavy metals (HMs) including Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni and Zn seriously exceeds the limits allowed. Developing the suitable disposal of FGD-WWS is therefore significantly important and necessary. The novel process of electrokinetic treatment combined with chemical pretreatment of HMs in FGD-WWS were proposed here to improve the removal efficiency. Results indicate that the effects of different pretreatment agents (citric acid (CA), ammonia, tetrasodium of N, N-bis (carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA), and rhamnolipid) on the ET of HMs were different. To investigate the mechanism of combined process, the transformation potential (TP), exchange potential (EP) and removal potential (RP) were calculated. Correlation analysis shows the correlation between TP and RP was higher than that between EP and RP, indicating that the removal efficiency is mainly affected by the fraction transformation of HMs. Electric field, pH and pretreatment agents are main factors causing fraction transformation and affecting TP. Focusing on fraction transformation is an efficient way to improve further the removal efficiency. The work is promisingly valuable for developing the technology of treating FGD-WWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Lhasa 850012, China; School of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850012, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kexuan Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Biomass/waste Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Engineering Research Center for Organic Wastes Safe Disposal and Energy Utilization, Tianjin 300072, China
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