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Duan A, Liu R, Liu C, Wu F, Su H, Zhou S, Huang M, Tian X, Jia H, Liu Y, Li M, Du H. Mutation of the gene encoding the PHD-type transcription factor SAB23 confers submergence tolerance in rice. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:168-179. [PMID: 37798132 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Submergence is a major constraint on rice production in South and Southeast Asia. In this study, we determined that a gene of the Sub1A-binding protein family, SAB23, encodes a plant homeodomain (PHD)-type transcription factor that has a novel function of negatively regulating submergence tolerance in rice. The T-DNA insertion mutant sab23 displayed reduced plant height, delayed seed maturation, and lower percentage seed set. Importantly, this mutant also exhibited enhanced submergence tolerance. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 knock out of SAB23 resulted in a significant reduction in the content of the gibberellin GA4 and a dramatic increase in the content of GA1 in the plants. SAB23 binds to the promoter of CYTOCHROME P450 714B2 (CYP714B2), which encodes a GA13-oxidase that catalyses the conversion of GA53 to GA19. Disruption of SAB23 function led to increased CYP714B2 transcription, and overexpression of CYP714B2 produced phenotypes similar to those of the SAB23-knockout plants. Taken together, our results reveal that SAB23 negatively regulates rice submergence tolerance by modulating CYP714B2 expression, which has significant potential for use in future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Duan
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Changchang Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Hang Su
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Shuangzhen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohai Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops, Yangzte University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P.R. China
| | - Manfei Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Hewei Du
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops, Yangzte University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R. China
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Fan X, Yang Y, Li M, Fu L, Zang Y, Wang C, Hao T, Sun H. Transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics reveal the regulatory network of Lilium davidii var. unicolor during bulb dormancy release. Planta 2021; 254:59. [PMID: 34427790 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Through combined analysis of the transcriptome and targeted metabolome of lily bulbs, the possible molecular mechanism of dormancy release was revealed. Regulation of bulb dormancy is critical for ensuring annual production and high-quality cultivation. The application of low temperatures is the most effective method for breaking bulb dormancy, but the molecular mechanism underlying this response is unclear. Herein, targeted metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed on Lilium davidii var. unicolor bulbs stored for 0, 50, and 100 days at 4 °C. Dormancy release mainly depended on the accumulation of gibberellins GA4 and GA7, which are synthesized by the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, rather than GA3, and ABA was degraded in the process. The contents of nonbioactive GA9, GA15, and GA24, the precursors of GA4 synthesis, increased with bulb dormancy release. Altogether, 113,252 unique transcripts were de novo assembled through high-throughput transcriptome sequences, and 639 genes were continuously differentially expressed. Energy sources during carbohydrate metabolism mainly depend on glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Screening of transcription factor families involved in bulb dormancy release showed that MYB, WRKY, NAC, and TCP members were significantly correlated with the targeted metabolome. Coexpression analysis further confirmed that ABI5, PYL8, PYL4, and PP2C, which are vital ABA signaling elements, regulated GA3ox and GA20ox in the GA4 biosynthesis pathway, and XERICO may be involved in the regulation of ABA and GA4 signaling through the ubiquitination pathway. WRKY32, WRKY71, DAM14, NAC8, ICE1, bHLH93, and TCP15 also participated in the ABA/GA4 regulatory network, and ICE1 may be the key factor linking temperature signals and hormone metabolism. These results will help to reveal the bulb dormancy molecular mechanism and develop new strategies for high-quality bulb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Linlan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuqing Zang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Zhang H, Han W, Wang H, Cong L, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Xu L. Downstream of GA 4, PbCYP78A6 participates in regulating cell cycle-related genes and parthenogenesis in pear (Pyrus bretshneideri Rehd.). BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:292. [PMID: 34167472 PMCID: PMC8223387 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parthenocarpy results in traits attractive to both consumers and breeders, and it overcomes the obstacle of self-incompatibility in the fruit set of horticultural crops, including pear (Pyrus bretshneider). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate parthenogenesis. RESULTS Here, in a transcriptional comparison between pollination-dependent fruit and GA4-induced parthenocarpy, PbCYP78A6 was identified and proposed as a candidate gene involved in parthenocarpy. PbCYP78A6 is similar to Arabidopsis thaliana CYP78A6 and highly expressed in pear hypanthia. The increased PbCYP78A6 expression, as assessed by RT-qPCR, was induced by pollination and GA4 exposure. The ectopic overexpression of PbCYP78A6 contributed to parthenocarpic fruit production in tomato. The PbCYP78A6 expression coincided with fertilized and parthenocarpic fruitlets development and the expression of fruit development-related genes as assessed by cytological observations and RT-qPCR, respectively. PbCYP78A6 RNA interference and overexpression in pear calli revealed that the gene is an upstream regulator of specific fruit development-related genes in pear. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PbCYP78A6 plays a critical role in fruit formation and provide insights into controlling parthenocarpy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Huibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liu Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chengquan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Gao J, Ni X, Li H, Hayat F, Shi T, Gao Z. miR169 and PmRGL2 synergistically regulate the NF-Y complex to activate dormancy release in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.). Plant Mol Biol 2021; 105:83-97. [PMID: 32926248 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to demonstrate that GA4-induced dormancy release is associated with the NF-Y complex, which interacts with gibberellin inhibitor RGL2 in Japanese apricot. Seasonal dormancy is not only vital for the survival in cold winter but also affects flowering of temperate fruit trees and the dormancy release depends on the accumulation of the cold temperatures (Chilling requirement-CR). To understand the mechanism of dormancy release in deciduous fruit crops, we compared miRNA sequencing data during the transition stage from paradormancy to dormancy release in the Japanese apricot and found that the miR169 family showed significant differentially up-regulated expression during dormancy induction and was down-regulated during the dormancy release periods. The 5' RACE assay and RT-qPCR validated its target gene NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y subunit A (NF-YA), which exhibited the opposite expression pattern. Further study showed that exogenous GA4 could inhibit the expression of the gibberellic acid (GA) signal transduction suppressor PmRGL2 (RGA-LIKE 2) and promote the expression of NF-Y. Moreover, the interaction between the NF-Y family and GA inhibitor PmRGL2 was verified by the yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) system and a bimolecular fluorescence complementarity (BiFC) experiment. These results suggest that synergistic regulation of the NF-Y and PmRGL2 complex leads to the activation of dormancy release induced by GA4. These findings will help to elucidate the functional and regulatory roles of miR169 and NF-Y complex in seasonal bud dormancy induced by GA in Japanese apricot and provide new insights for the discovery of dormancy release mechanisms in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaopeng Ni
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hantao Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- Laboratory of Fruit Tree Biotechnology, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Li S, Wang Q, Wen B, Zhang R, Jing X, Xiao W, Chen X, Tan Q, Li L. Endodormancy Release Can Be Modulated by the GA 4-GID1c-DELLA2 Module in Peach Leaf Buds. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:713514. [PMID: 34646285 PMCID: PMC8504481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellin (GA) plays a key role in the release of bud dormancy and the GA receptor GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1) and DELLA protein are the GA signaling parts, but the molecular mechanism of GA-GID1-DELLA module regulating leaf bud dormancy in peach (Prunus persica) is still not very clear. In this study, we isolated and characterized the GID1 gene PpGID1c from the peach cultivar "Zhong you No.4." Overexpressing PpGID1c in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination, which indicated that PpGID1c has an important function in dormancy. The expression level of PpGID1c in peach leaf buds during endodormancy release was higher than that during ecodormancy and was positively correlated with GA4 levels. Our study also found that GA4 had the most obvious effect on promoting the bud break, indicating that GA4 may be the key gibberellin to promoting peach leaf bud endodormancy release. Moreover, a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that GA4 could increase the expression of the gibberellin signaling gene PpDELLA2. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay suggested that the PpGID1c interaction with the PpDELLA1 protein was not dependent on gibberellin, while the PpGID1c interaction with PpDELLA2 required GA4 or another gibberellin. These findings suggested that the GA4-GID1c-DELLA2 module regulates peach leaf bud endodormancy release, with this finding significantly enhancing our comprehensive understanding of bud endodormancy release and revealing a new mechanism for regulating leaf bud endodormancy release in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Binbin Wen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiuli Jing
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiude Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Qiuping Tan
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production With High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Li
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Wang M, Qu H, Zhang H, Liu S, Li Y, Zhang C. Hormone and RNA-seq analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying differences in seed vigour at different maize ear positions. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 99:461-476. [PMID: 30710225 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ABA/GA4 ratio, stress resistance, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and chromatin structure play important roles in vigour differences of seeds located at different maize ear positions. Seed vigour, which ensures rapid and uniform field emergence across diverse environments, differs at different maize ear positions. However, little is known regarding the associated mechanisms. In this study, we determined that seed vigour, stress resistance, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism were higher in seeds from middle and bottom section of the ear, while the ABA/GA4 ratio in the embryos was significantly lower. Compared with the seeds subjected to repeated pollination during silking, less variation in seed vigour and the ABA/GA4 ratio in the embryos was observed in seeds at different ear positions subjected to single pollination after complete silking. This indicated that single pollination can reduce, but not eliminate, the differences in seed vigour at different ear positions. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the seed vigour differences at the different locations of the maize ears of the single pollinated treatment were related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In contrast, the differences in seed vigour under repeated pollination were related to chromatin structure. The present study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying differences in seed vigour at different positions on the maize ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huidi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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Lv L, Huo X, Wen L, Gao Z, Khalil-ur-Rehman M. Isolation and Role of PmRGL2 in GA-mediated Floral Bud Dormancy Release in Japanese Apricot ( Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.). Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:27. [PMID: 29434610 PMCID: PMC5790987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy release is regulated by gibberellins (GAs). DELLA proteins are highly conserved and act as negative regulators in GA signaling pathway. The present study established a relationship between PmRGL2 in Japanese apricot and GA4 levels during dormancy release of floral buds. Overexpression of PmRGL2 in poplar delayed the onset of bud dormancy and resulted in dwarf plants, relative to wild-type trees. PmRGL2 exhibited higher expression during ecodormancy and relatively lower expression during endodormancy. The relative level of GA4 exhibited an increasing trend at the transition from endodormancy to ecodormancy and displayed a similar expression pattern of genes related to GA metabolism, PmGA20ox2, PmGA3ox1, PmGID1b, in both Japanese apricot and transgenic poplar. These results suggests that PmRGL2 acts as an integrator and negative regulator of dormancy via a GA-signaling pathway. Moreover, an interaction between RGL2 and SLY1 in a yeast two hybrid (Y2H) system further suggests that SCF E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as SLY1, may be a critical factor in the regulation of RGL2 through an SCF SLY1 -proteasome pathway. Our study demonstrated that PmRGL2 plays a negative role in bud dormancy release by regulating the GA biosynthetic enzymes, GA20ox and GA3ox1 and the GA receptor, GID1b.
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Zhuang W, Gao Z, Wang L, Zhong W, Ni Z, Zhang Z. Comparative proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to address the active role of GA4 in Japanese apricot flower bud dormancy release. J Exp Bot 2013; 64:4953-66. [PMID: 24014872 PMCID: PMC3830480 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hormones are closely associated with dormancy in deciduous fruit trees, and gibberellins (GAs) are known to be particularly important. In this study, we observed that GA4 treatment led to earlier bud break in Japanese apricot. To understand better the promoting effect of GA4 on the dormancy release of Japanese apricot flower buds, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches were used to analyse the mechanisms of dormancy release following GA4 treatment, based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling, respectively. More than 600 highly reproducible protein spots (P<0.05) were detected and, following GA4 treatment, 38 protein spots showed more than a 2-fold difference in expression, and 32 protein spots were confidently identified according to the databases. Compared with water treatment, many proteins that were associated with energy metabolism and oxidation-reduction showed significant changes after GA4 treatment, which might promote dormancy release. We observed that genes at the mRNA level associated with energy metabolism and oxidation-reduction also played an important role in this process. Analysis of the functions of the identified proteins and genes and the related metabolic pathways would provide a comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic view of the coordination of dormancy release after GA4 treatment in Japanese apricot flower buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- * These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wenjun Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhaojun Ni
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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