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Huang M, Wang J, Liu W, Zhou H. Advances in the role of the GADD45 family in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1349409. [PMID: 38332860 PMCID: PMC10850240 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1349409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 (GADD45) family comprises stress-induced nuclear proteins that interact with DNA demethylases to facilitate DNA demethylation, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes including oxidative stress, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and neuroplasticity by modulating the expression patterns of specific genes. Widely expressed in the central nervous system, the GADD45 family plays a pivotal role in various neurological disorders, rendering it a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases. This review presented a comprehensive overview of the expression patterns and potential mechanisms of action associated with each member of GADD45 family (GADD45α, GADD45β, and GADD45γ) in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders, while also explored strategies to harness these mechanisms for intervention and treatment. Future research should prioritize the development of effective modulators targeting the GADD45 family for clinical trials aimed at treating central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongyan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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Wingert S, Thalheimer FB, Haetscher N, Rehage M, Schroeder T, Rieger MA. DNA-damage response gene GADD45A induces differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells without inhibiting cell cycle or survival. Stem Cells 2016; 34:699-710. [PMID: 26731607 PMCID: PMC4832267 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood cell production life-long by their unique abilities of self-renewal and differentiation into all blood cell lineages. Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (GADD45A) is induced by genotoxic stress in HSCs. GADD45A has been implicated in cell cycle control, cell death and senescence, as well as in DNA-damage repair. In general, GADD45A provides cellular stability by either arresting the cell cycle progression until DNA damage is repaired or, in cases of fatal damage, by inducing apoptosis. However, the function of GADD45A in hematopoiesis remains controversial. We revealed the changes in murine HSC fate control orchestrated by the expression of GADD45A at single cell resolution. In contrast to other cellular systems, GADD45A expression did not cause a cell cycle arrest or an alteration in the decision between cell survival and apoptosis in HSCs. Strikingly, GADD45A strongly induced and accelerated the differentiation program in HSCs. Continuous tracking of individual HSCs and their progeny via time-lapse microscopy elucidated that once GADD45A was expressed, HSCs differentiate into committed progenitors within 29 hours. GADD45A-expressing HSCs failed to long-term reconstitute the blood of recipients by inducing multilineage differentiation in vivo. Importantly, γ-irradiation of HSCs induced their differentiation by upregulating endogenous GADD45A. The differentiation induction by GADD45A was transmitted by activating p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and allowed the generation of megakaryocytic-erythroid, myeloid, and lymphoid lineages. These data indicate that genotoxic stress-induced GADD45A expression in HSCs prevents their fatal transformation by directing them into differentiation and thereby clearing them from the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wingert
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederic B Thalheimer
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadine Haetscher
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Rehage
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Rieger
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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