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Faggio G, Politano GG, Lisi N, Capasso A, Messina G. The structure of chemical vapor deposited graphene substrates for graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:195303. [PMID: 38286012 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Defects and nanocrystalline grain structures play a critical role in graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS). In this study, we selected three types of few-layer, polycrystalline graphene films produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and we tested them as GERS substrates. The graphene structure was controlled by decreasing the CVD temperature, thus obtaining (i) polycrystalline with negligible defect density, (ii) polycrystalline with high defect density, (iii) nanocrystalline. We applied rhodamine 6G as a probe molecule to investigate the Raman enhancement. Our results show that nanocrystalline graphene is the most sensitive GERS substrate, indicating that the GERS effect is primarily connected to the nanocrystalline structure, rather than to the presence of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Faggio
- Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructures and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), University 'Mediterranea' of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - G G Politano
- Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructures and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), University 'Mediterranea' of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - N Lisi
- Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Roma 00123, Italy
| | - A Capasso
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - G Messina
- Department of Information Engineering, Infrastructures and Sustainable Energy (DIIES), University 'Mediterranea' of Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio, Calabria, Italy
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Zdaniauskienė A, Ignatjev I, Charkova T, Talaikis M, Lukša A, Šetkus A, Niaura G. Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Probing Riboflavin on Graphene. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:1636. [PMID: 35268866 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene research and technology development requires to reveal adsorption processes and understand how the defects change the physicochemical properties of the graphene-based systems. In this study, shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) and graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS) coupled with density functional theory (DFT) modeling were applied for probing the structure of riboflavin adsorbed on single-layer graphene substrate grown on copper. Intense and detailed vibrational signatures of the adsorbed riboflavin were revealed by SHINERS method. Based on DFT modeling and detected downshift of prominent riboflavin band at 1349 cm−1 comparing with the solution Raman spectrum, π-stacking interaction between the adsorbate and graphene was confirmed. Different spectral patterns from graphene-riboflavin surface were revealed by SHINERS and GERS techniques. Contrary to GERS method, SHINERS spectra revealed not only ring stretching bands but also vibrational features associated with ribityl group of riboflavin and D-band of graphene. Based on DFT modeling it was suggested that activation of D-band took place due to riboflavin induced tilt and distortion of graphene plane. The ability to explore local perturbations by the SHINERS method was highlighted. We demonstrated that SHINERS spectroscopy has a great potential to probe adsorbed molecules at graphene.
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Klausen KM, Bomme Høgh M, David M, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB, Hansen JM. How dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, and overlapping symptoms affect quality of life, use of health care, and medication - a long-term population based cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:753-760. [PMID: 34062084 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1929448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) and dyspepsia is high. Overlapping of GERS and dyspepsia has been described to affect quality of life. However, studies are few. This long-term population-based study evaluates how GERS, dyspepsia, and overlapping symptoms, affect quality of life, and the use of health care and medication. METHODS This study presents data for the control group of the randomised population study, HEP-FYN. At baseline 10,000 individuals, aged 40-65 years, received questionnaires at baseline and after 1, 5 and 13 years. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographics, use of health care resources, gastrointestinal symptoms (the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS)), and the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) to assess quality of life. RESULTS Complete data was available for 4.403 individuals at 13-year follow-up. Of these 13.6% reported GERS only, 11.6% dyspepsia only, and 27.1% overlapping symptoms during follow-up. Individuals reporting overlapping symptoms had compared to individuals reporting GERS only or dyspepsia only more visits at general practitioner (last year:16.7% vs. 8.5% vs. 12.3%), more sick leave days (last month: 4.3% vs. 2.9% vs 0.7%), used more ulcer drugs (last month: 30.5% vs 16.4% vs 9.4%). In addition, individuals with overlapping symptoms reported a lower quality of life in all eight dimensions of SF-36 compared to individuals with GERS alone or dyspepsia alone. CONCLUSIONS Overlapping symptoms was associated with lower quality of life scores and substantial use of health-care resources. Having solely GERS affected quality of life and health care use least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Mie Klausen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology S, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Bomme Høgh
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology S, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marc David
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology S, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jane Møller Hansen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology S, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Shi H, Zhao B, Ma J, Bronson MJ, Cai Z, Chen J, Wang Y, Cronin M, Jensen L, Cronin SB. Measuring Local Electric Fields and Local Charge Densities at Electrode Surfaces Using Graphene-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ( GERS)-Based Stark-Shifts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:36252-36258. [PMID: 31498591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report spectroscopic measurements of the local electric fields and local charge densities at electrode surfaces using graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS) based on the Stark-shifts of surface-bound molecules and the G band frequency shift in graphene. Here, monolayer graphene is used as the working electrode in a three-terminal potentiostat while Raman spectra are collected in situ under applied electrochemical potentials using a water immersion lens. First, a thin layer (1 Å) of copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecules are deposited on monolayer graphene by thermal evaporation. GERS spectra are then taken in an aqueous solution as a function of the applied electrochemical potential. The shifts in vibrational frequencies of the graphene G band and CuPc are obtained simultaneously and correlated. The upshifts in the G band Raman mode are used to determine the free carrier density in the graphene sheet under these applied potentials. Of the three dominant peaks in the Raman spectra of CuPc (i.e., 1531, 1450, and 1340 cm-1), only the 1531 cm-1 peak exhibits Stark-shifts and can, thus, be used to report the local electric field strength at the electrode surface under electrochemical working conditions. Between applied electrochemical potentials from -0.8 V to 0.8 V vs NHE, the free carrier density in the graphene electrode spans a range from -4 × 1012 cm-2 to 2 × 1012 cm-2. Corresponding Stark-shifts in the CuPc peak around 1531 cm-1 are observed up to 1.0 cm-1 over a range of electric field strengths between -3.78 × 106 and 1.85 × 106 V/cm. Slightly larger Stark-shifts are observed in a 1 M KCl solution, compared to those observed in DI water, as expected based on the higher ion concentration of the electrolyte. Based on our data, we determine the Stark shift tuning rate to be 0.178 cm-1/ (106 V/cm), which is relatively small due to the planar nature of the CuPc molecule, which largely lies perpendicular to the electric field at this electrode surface. Computational simulations using density functional theory (DFT) predict similar Stark shifts and provide a detailed atomistic picture of the electric field-induced perturbations to the surface-bound CuPc molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark J Bronson
- Department of Chemistry , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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Maniscalco M, Fuschillo S, Gaudiosi C, De Felice A, Martucci M, Motta A. Exhaled and nasal nitric oxide measurement in the evaluation of chronic cough. Nitric Oxide 2018; 83:19-23. [PMID: 30557619 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic cough is one of the most common and troublesome nonspecific respiratory symptom for which patients seek a general practitioner and specialist advice. It is conventionally defined as a cough lasting for more than 8 weeks. Exhaled nitric oxide has proven to be a specific biomarker capable to discriminate between differential diagnoses of chronic cough and simultaneously provide information about the response to specific treatment. In this review, we will discuss the potential use of exhaled and nasal nitric oxide in the diagnosis of chronic chough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maniscalco
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Fuschillo
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaudiosi
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alberto De Felice
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Michele Martucci
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
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Kim K, Lee J, Jo G, Shin S, Kim JB, Jang JH. Dendrimer-Capped Gold Nanoparticles for Highly Reliable and Robust Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:20379-84. [PMID: 27403733 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-Den) were prepared by a facile solution based method for a highly reliable and robust surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. Au-Den was selectively attached on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by noncovalent interactions between the Au capping dendrimer and the graphene surface. Au-Den/rGO exhibits the outstandingly stable and highly magnified Raman signal with an enhancement factor (EF) of 3.9 × 10(7) that enables detection of R6G dyes with concentration as low as 10 nM, retaining 95% of the Raman signal intensity after 1 year. The remarkable stability and enhancement originated not only from a simple combination of the electromagnetic and chemical mechanism of SERS but also from intensified packing density of stable Au-Den on the graphene substrate due to the firm binding between the dendrimer capped metal nanoparticles and the graphene substrate. This method is not limited to the gold nanoparticles and G4 dendrimer used herein, but also can be applied to other dendrimers and metal nanoparticles, which makes the material platform suggested here superior to other SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanghyun Kim
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeop Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongcheon Jo
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Jang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Feng S, dos Santos MC, Carvalho BR, Lv R, Li Q, Fujisawa K, Elías AL, Lei Y, Perea-López N, Endo M, Pan M, Pimenta MA, Terrones M. Ultrasensitive molecular sensor using N-doped graphene through enhanced Raman scattering. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600322. [PMID: 27532043 PMCID: PMC4985229 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As a novel and efficient surface analysis technique, graphene-enhanced Raman scattering (GERS) has attracted increasing research attention in recent years. In particular, chemically doped graphene exhibits improved GERS effects when compared with pristine graphene for certain dyes, and it can be used to efficiently detect trace amounts of molecules. However, the GERS mechanism remains an open question. We present a comprehensive study on the GERS effect of pristine graphene and nitrogen-doped graphene. By controlling nitrogen doping, the Fermi level (E F) of graphene shifts, and if this shift aligns with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of a molecule, charge transfer is enhanced, thus significantly amplifying the molecule's vibrational Raman modes. We confirmed these findings using different organic fluorescent molecules: rhodamine B, crystal violet, and methylene blue. The Raman signals from these dye molecules can be detected even for concentrations as low as 10(-11) M, thus providing outstanding molecular sensing capabilities. To explain our results, these nitrogen-doped graphene-molecule systems were modeled using dispersion-corrected density functional theory. Furthermore, we demonstrated that it is possible to determine the gaps between the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) of different molecules when different laser excitations are used. Our simulated Raman spectra of the molecules also suggest that the measured Raman shifts come from the dyes that have an extra electron. This work demonstrates that nitrogen-doped graphene has enormous potential as a substrate when detecting low concentrations of molecules and could also allow for an effective identification of their HOMO-LUMO gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Feng
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | - Bruno R. Carvalho
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Ruitao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kazunori Fujisawa
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ana Laura Elías
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nestor Perea-López
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Minghu Pan
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Marcos A. Pimenta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30123-970, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Institute of Carbon Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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