Twelve undescribed derivatives of ganoderic acid isolated from Ganoderma luteomarginatum and their cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines

Lanostane triterpenoids are thought to be the main underlying preclinical antitumor secondary metabolites of the genus Ganoderma. To further explore the potential cytotoxic triterpenoids from Ganoderma luteomarginatum, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of 95% ethanolic extract was systematically studied. Twelve previously undescribed lanostane-type triterpene acids were isolated from the fruiting bodies of G. luteomarginatum, and their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Among them, 11 compounds have an unusual β-configuration for OH-15. All isolates were assessed for cytotoxic activities using three human cancer cell lines (A549, HGC-27, and SMMC-7721) and one human normal cell line (LO2). (17Z)-3β,7β,15β-Trihydroxy-11,23-dioxolanost-8,17(20)-dien-26-oate and (20E)-15β-hydroxy-3,7,11,23-tetraoxolanost-20(22)-en-26-oate exhibited significant selective cytotoxicity against HGC-27 cells and A549 cells, respectively, with IC₅₀ values of 6.82 ± 0.77 and 13.67 ± 1.04 μM, while 3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxolanost-8-en-26-oate inhibited the proliferation of both A549 and SMMC-7721 cells. In addition, Hoechst fluorescence 33,258 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining proved that (17Z)-3β,7β,15β-trihydroxy-11,23-dioxolanost-8,17(20)-dien-26-oate could induce apoptosis in HGC-27 cells. Furthermore, a comparison of the results in this study and previous literature demonstrated that ganoderic alcohols have stronger cytotoxicity than the corresponding derivatives of ganoderic acid in the genus Ganoderma.

Lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma luteomarginatum and their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines

Lanostane triterpenoids are major metabolites of macrofungi from the genus Ganoderma and possess enormous substitution diversity and remarkable biological activities, especially anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The present phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of nine undescribed lanostane triterpenoids and five known analogues from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma luteomarginatum, which was first phytochemically studied by our group. Chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence. (5α,23E)-27-nor-lanosta-8,23-dien-3,7,25-trione and (5α,23E)-27-nor-3β-hydroxylanosta-8,23-dien-7,25-dione are undescribed triterpenoids with an unusual 27-nor-lanostane carbon skeleton. All isolates were assayed for their cytotoxic activities using four human cancer cell lines (HGC-27, HeLa, A549, and SMMC-7721) and one human normal cell line (LO2), and the structure-cytotoxicity relationships were preliminarily explored. (5α,24E)-3β-acetoxyl-26-hydroxylanosta-8,24-dien-7-one exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against HeLa and A549 cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 1.29 and 1.50 μM, respectively.