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Wang P, Shao X, Bao Y, Zhu J, Chen L, Zhang L, Ma X, Zhong XB. Impact of obese levels on the hepatic expression of nuclear receptors and drug-metabolizing enzymes in adult and offspring mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:171-185. [PMID: 31993314 PMCID: PMC6976990 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-associated conditions raises new challenges in clinical medication. Although altered expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been shown in obesity, the impacts of obese levels (overweight, obesity, and severe obesity) on the expression of DMEs have not been elucidated. Especially, limited information is available on whether parental obese levels affect ontogenic expression of DMEs in children. Here, a high-fat diet (HFD) and three feeding durations were used to mimic different obese levels in C57BL/6 mice. The hepatic expression of five nuclear receptors (NRs) and nine DMEs was examined. In general, a trend of induced expression of NRs and DMEs (except for Cyp2c29 and 3a11) was observed in HFD groups compared to low-fat diet (LFD) groups. Differential effects of HFD on the hepatic expression of DMEs were found in adult mice at different obese levels. Family-based dietary style of an HFD altered the ontogenic expression of DMEs in the offspring older than 15 days. Furthermore, obese levels of parental mice affected the hepatic expression of DMEs in offspring. Overall, the results indicate that obese levels affected expression of the DMEs in adult individuals and that of their children. Drug dosage might need to be optimized based on the obese levels.
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Key Words
- 18-HA, adult mice fed with 18 weeks HFD
- 18-LA, adult mice fed with 18 weeks LFD
- 4-HA, adult mice fed with 4 weeks HFD
- 4-LA, adult mice fed with 4 weeks LFD
- 7-ER, 7-ethoxyresorufin
- 8-HA, adult mice fed with 8 weeks HFD
- 8-LA, adult mice fed with 8 weeks LFD
- AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- BMI, body mass index
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CHZ, chlorzoxazone
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- DMEs, drug-metabolizing enzymes
- Diet-induced obesity
- Drug-metabolizing enzymes
- EFV, efavirenz
- Gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
- High-fat diet
- LFD, low-fat diet
- MDZ, midazolam
- MPA, mobile phase A
- MPB, mobile phase B
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NRs, nuclear receptors
- Nuclear receptors
- O-18-HA, offspring from parental mice fed with 18 weeks HFD
- O-18-LA, offspring from parental mice fed with 18 weeks LFD
- O-4-HA, offspring from parental mice fed with 4 weeks HFD
- O-4-LA, offspring from parental mice fed with 4 weeks LFD
- O-8-HA, offspring from parental mice fed with 8 weeks HFD
- O-8-LA, offspring from parental mice fed with 8 weeks LFD
- Ontogenic expression
- Overweight
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- RSF, resorufin
- RT-qPCR, real-time quantitative PCR
- SD, standard deviation
- SULT1A1, sulfotransferase 1A1
- UGT1A1, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xueyan Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yifan Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Xiao-bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Matsuzaki Y, Umemoto T, Tanaka Y, Okano T, Yamato M. β2-Microglobulin is an appropriate reference gene for RT-PCR-based gene expression analysis of hematopoietic stem cells. Regen Ther 2015; 1:91-7. [PMID: 31245448 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is regarded as one of the most useful and powerful tools for characterizing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), because samples of extremely small cell numbers can be analyzed. The expression levels determined by RT-PCR are based on relative quantification; therefore, the selection of an appropriate reference gene with a relatively stable expression level under most conditions is crucial. Here, we determined that beta2-microglobulin (B2m) is an appropriate reference gene for analyzing mouse HSCs by a novel method using single-cell RT-PCR. Clonally sorted HSCs were subjected to RT reactions with exogenous RNA fragments and then to real-time PCR. Next, the relative gene expression levels of 4 well-known housekeeping genes were quantified in each single cell sample based on the threshold cycle of exogenous RNA. The analysis revealed that B2m expression was reproducibly detected in almost all HSCs and that B2m had the most stable expression level among the compared genes, even after the cells had been cultured under various conditions. Thus, our results indicate that B2m can reliably be used as a reference gene for the relative quantification of expression levels in HSCs across various conditions. Furthermore, our work proposes a novel method for the selection of appropriate reference genes.
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Key Words
- Actb, beta-actin
- B2m, beta2-microglobulin
- Beta2-microglobulin
- Ct, threshold cycles
- ERCC, External RNA Controls Consortium
- Gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HKGs, housekeeping genes
- HSCs, hematopoietic stem cells
- Hematopoietic stem cells
- Hprt, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MPPs, multi-potential progenitors
- RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- Reference gene
- SCF, stem cell factor
- Single-cell RT-PCR
- TPO, Thrombopoietin
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Ashino T, Ohkubo-Morita H, Yamamoto M, Yoshida T, Numazawa S. Possible involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the gene expression of Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5. Redox Biol 2014; 2:284-8. [PMID: 24494203 PMCID: PMC3909825 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 gene expression is altered by various chemical compounds. In this study, we used nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–deficient (Nrf2−⧸−) mice to investigate the involvement of Nrf2 in Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 gene expression. Phorone, an Nrf2 activator, strongly increased Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 mRNA as well as Nrf2 target genes, including NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase-1 and heme oxygenase-1, in wild-type mouse livers 8 h after treatment. The phorone-induced mRNA levels in Nrf2−⧸− mouse livers were lower than that in wild-type mouse livers. Nrf2−⧸− mice showed attenuated Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 induction by phenobarbital, a classical Cyp2b inducer. These findings suggest that the Nrf2 pathway is involved in Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 gene expression. Phorone, an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, induced Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5. Phorone suppressed the induction of Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5 in Nrf2−⧸− mouse livers. Nrf2−⧸− mice showed suppressed phenobarbital-induced Cyp2b10 and Cyp2a5.
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Key Words
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- Cyp2a5
- Cyp2b10
- Gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Hmox1, heme oxygenase-1
- Maf, musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog
- Mouse
- Nqo1, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase-1
- Nrf2, nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- Nuclear-factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- P450, cytochrome P450
- PBREM, phenobarbital responsive element module
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Phenobarbital
- Phorone
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ashino
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Haruyo Ohkubo-Morita
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takemi Yoshida
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Numazawa
- Division of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Showa University School of Pharmacy, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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