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Wang S, Roy JP, Tomlinson AJ, Wang EB, Tsai YH, Cameron L, Underwood J, Spence JR, Walton KD, Stacker SA, Gumucio DL, Lechler T. RYK-mediated filopodial pathfinding facilitates mid gut elongation. Development 2020; 147:dev.195388. [PMID: 32994164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Between embryonic days 10.5 and 14.5, active proliferation drives rapid elongation of the murine midgut epithelial tube. Within this pseudostratified epithelium, nuclei synthesize DNA near the basal surface and move apically to divide. After mitosis, the majority of daughter cells extend a long, basally oriented filopodial protrusion, building a de novo path along which their nuclei can return to the basal side. WNT5A, which is secreted by surrounding mesenchymal cells, acts as a guidance cue to orchestrate this epithelial pathfinding behavior, but how this signal is received by epithelial cells is unknown. Here, we have investigated two known WNT5A receptors: ROR2 and RYK. We found that epithelial ROR2 is dispensable for midgut elongation. However, loss of Ryk phenocopies the Wnt5a -/- phenotype, perturbing post-mitotic pathfinding and leading to apoptosis. These studies reveal that the ligand-receptor pair WNT5A-RYK acts as a navigation system to instruct filopodial pathfinding, a process that is crucial for continuous cell cycling to fuel rapid midgut elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James P Roy
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Abigail J Tomlinson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen B Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Light Microscopy Core Facility, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Julie Underwood
- Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katherine D Walton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Kitazawa C, Fujii T, Egusa Y, Komatsu M, Yamanaka A. Morphological diversity of blastula formation and gastrulation in temnopleurid sea urchins. Biol Open 2016; 5:1555-1566. [PMID: 27591193 PMCID: PMC5155528 DOI: 10.1242/bio.019018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryos of temnopleurid sea urchins exhibit species-specific morphologies. While Temnopleurus toreumaticus has a wrinkled blastula and then invaginates continuously at gastrulation, others have a smooth blastula and their invagination is stepwise. We studied blastula and gastrula formation in four temnopleurids using light and scanning electron microscopy to clarify the mechanisms producing these differences. Unlike T. toreumaticus, blastomeres of mid-blastulae in T. reevesii, T. hardwickii and Mespilia globulus formed pseudopods. Before primary mesenchyme cells ingressed, embryos developed an area of orbicular cells in the vegetal plate. The cells surrounding the orbicular cells extended pseudopods toward the orbicular cell area in three Temnopleurus species. In T. toreumaticus, the extracellular matrix was well-developed and developed a hole-like structure that was not formed in others. Gastrulation of T. reevesii, T. hardwickii and M. globulus was stepwise, suggesting that differences of gastrulation are caused by all or some of the following factors: change of cell shape, rearrangement, pushing up and towing of cells. We conclude that (1) many aspects of early morphogenesis differ even among very closely related sea urchins with indirect development and (2) many of these differences may be caused by the cell shape and structure of blastomeres or by differences in extracellular matrix composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kitazawa
- Biological Institute, Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8513, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Fujii
- Biological Institute, Graduate School of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8513, Japan
| | - Yuji Egusa
- Biological Institute, Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8513, Japan
| | - Miéko Komatsu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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