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Mubin M, Ijaz S, Nahid N, Hassan M, Younus A, Qazi J, Nawaz-Ul-Rehman MS. Journey of begomovirus betasatellite molecules: from satellites to indispensable partners. Virus Genes 2019; 56:16-26. [PMID: 31773493 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Betasatellites are a group of circular, single-stranded DNA molecules that are frequently found to be associated with monopartite begomoviruses of the family Geminiviridae. Betasatellites require their helper viruses for replication, movement, and encapsidation and they are often essential for induction of typical disease symptoms. The βC1 protein encoded by betasatellites is multifunctional that participates in diverse cellular events. It interferes with several cellular processes like normal development, chloroplasts, and innate immune system of plants. Recent research has indicated βC1 protein interaction with cellular proteins and its involvement in modulation of the host's cell cycle and symptom determination. This article focuses on the functional mechanisms of βC1 and its interactions with other viral and host proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mubin
- Virology Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Ijaz
- Virology Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Virology Lab, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Younus
- Laser Matter Interaction and Nano-sciences Lab, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Qazi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid e Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Martin C, Lozano-Iturbe V, Girón RM, Vazquez-Espinosa E, Rodriguez D, Merayo-Lloves J, Vazquez F, Quirós LM, García B. Glycosaminoglycans are differentially involved in bacterial binding to healthy and cystic fibrosis lung cells. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 18:e19-e25. [PMID: 30415947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential in many infections, including recurrent bacterial respiratory infections, the main cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. METHODS Using a cellular model of healthy and CF lung epithelium, a comparative transcriptomic study of GAG encoding genes was performed using qRT-PCR, and their differential involvement in the adhesion of bacterial pathogens analyzed by enzymatic degradation and binding competition experiments. RESULTS Various alterations in gene expression in CF cells were found which affect GAG structures and seem to influence bacterial adherence to lung epithelium cells. Heparan sulfate appears to be the most important GAG species involved in bacterial binding. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to lung epithelial cells of some of the main pathogens involved in CF is dependent on GAGs, and the expression of these polysaccharides is altered in CF cells, suggesting it could play an essential role in the development of infectious pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martin
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Víctor Lozano-Iturbe
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Girón
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital La Princesa, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Vazquez-Espinosa
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital La Princesa, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vazquez
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis M Quirós
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Beatriz García
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (IISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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Brígido RTES, Tavares PCB, Santos MAD, Santos JG, Souza MA, Goulart IMB, Silva CVD. Trypanosoma cruzi modulates gene expression of plasma membrane repair-related proteins. Acta Trop 2017; 174:153-7. [PMID: 27288707 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane injury and repair is particularly prevalent in muscle cells. Here, we aimed to verify dysferlin, acid sphingomyelinase and transcriptional factor EB gene expression during Trypanosoma cruzi infection in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the parasite modulates gene expression of these proteins in a way dependent on the number of plasma membrane interacting parasites and in a rapamycin-sensitive manner.
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Rajas O, Quirós LM, Ortega M, Vazquez-Espinosa E, Merayo-Lloves J, Vazquez F, García B. Glycosaminoglycans are involved in bacterial adherence to lung cells. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:319. [PMID: 28464847 PMCID: PMC5414233 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower respiratory infections are among the top ten causes of death worldwide. Since pathogen to cell adhesion is a crucial step in the infection progress, blocking the interaction between eukaryotic receptors and bacterial ligands may enable the pathogenesis process to be stopped. Cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are known to be mediators in the adhesion of diverse bacteria to different cell types, making it of interest to examine their involvement in the attachment of various pathogenic bacteria to lung cells, including epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Methods The function of cell surface GAGs in bacterial adhesion was studied by reducing their levels through inhibiting their biosynthesis and enzymatic degradation, as well as in binding competition experiments with various species of GAGs. The participation of the different bacterial adhesins in attachment was evaluated through competition with two peptides, both containing consensus heparin binding sequences. Blocking inhibition assays using anti-syndecans and the enzymatic removal of glypicans were conducted to test their involvement in bacterial adhesion. The importance of the fine structure of GAGs in the interaction with pathogens was investigated in competition experiments with specifically desulfated heparins. Results The binding of all bacteria tested decreased when GAG levels in cell surface of both lung cells were diminished. Competition experiments with different types of GAGs showed that heparan sulfate chains are the main species involved. Blocking or removal of cell surface proteoglycans evidenced that syndecans play a more important role than glypicans. The binding was partially inhibited by peptides including heparin binding sequences. Desulfated heparins also reduced bacterial adhesion to different extents depending on the bacterium and the sulfated residue, especially in fibroblast cells. Conclusions Taken together, these data demonstrate that the GAG chains of the cell surface are involved in the adhesion of bacterial adhesins to lung cells. Heparan sulfate seems to be the main species implicated, and binding is dependent on the sulfation pattern of the molecule. These data could facilitate the development of new anti-infective strategies, enabling the development of new procedures for blocking the interaction between pathogens and lung cells more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rajas
- Pneumology Service, Hospital La Princesa, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Quirós
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mara Ortega
- Biobank Coordinator, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Vazquez-Espinosa
- Pneumology Service, Hospital La Princesa, Institute for Health Research (IP), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Vazquez
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz García
- University Institute Fernandez-Vega (IUFV), University of Oviedo and Eye Research Foundation (FIO), Oviedo, Spain. .,Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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Huang HJ, Liu CW, Cai YF, Zhang MZ, Bao YY, Zhang CX. A salivary sheath protein essential for the interaction of the brown planthopper with rice plants. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 66:77-87. [PMID: 26483289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salivary secretions, including gel saliva and watery saliva, play crucial roles in the interaction between the insect and plant during feeding. In this study, we identified a salivary gland-specific gene encoding a salivary sheath protein (NlShp) in Nilaparvata lugens. NlShp has two alternative splicing variants; both are expressed at high levels during the nymph and adult stages. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the NlShp were synthesized in the principal gland cells of the salivary gland. LC-MS/MS and western blot analysis confirmed that NlShp was one of the components of the salivary sheath. Simultaneously knocking down the two NlShp variants by RNA interference inhibited both salivary flange and salivary sheath formation and resulted in a lethal phenotype within four days for the brown planthopper (BPH) feeding on rice plants, indicating that the salivary sheath and salivary flanges were essential for plant-associated feeding. Despite the salivary sheath deficiency, no obvious phenotype was observed in the NlShp-knockdown BPHs fed on artificial diet. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) results showed that salivary sheath-deficient BPHs exhibited a prolonged nonpenetration period, scarce sap period, and increased stylet movement on rice plants and eventually starved to death. Our results provided evidence that the interaction between the salivary sheath and host plant might be a critical step in successful BPH feeding. According to present research, we propose a salivary sheath required feeding model for piercing-sucking insects and provide a potential target for rice planthopper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ye-Fang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Min-Zhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan-Yuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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