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Li L, Li J, Wu X, Wu W, Ding Q, Qian B, Wang X. Evaluation of prothrombotic risk of two PROC hotspot mutations (Arg189Trp and Lys193del) in Chinese population: a retrospective study. Thromb J 2023; 21:103. [PMID: 37789321 PMCID: PMC10546776 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND R189W and K193del of protein C (PC) were hotspot mutations in Chinese population with venous thromboembolism (VTE), but almost two-thirds of patients with above mutations coexisting with other genetically or aquiredly prothrombotic risk factors. The aim of this study is to clarify the independent contributions of R189W or K193del to VTE risk. METHODS 490 unrelated patients with a personal history of VTE and 410 healthy participants were enrolled in this study. Data of their demographics, family history, genetic and acquired thrombosis risk factors were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS PC R189W and K193del were identified in 3/410 (0.7%) and 7/410 (1.7%) healthy controls, and in 27/490 (5.5%) and 43/490 (8.8%) patients with VTE, respectively. Notably, about 70% of these mutant carriers combined with other genetic or acquired thrombophilic factors. After adjustment for age, gender, other inherited and acquired risk factors, we demonstrated that R189W and K193del were associated with 5.781-fold and 4.365-fold increased risk of VTE, respectively, which were significantly lower than the prothrombotic risk of anticoagulant deficiencies induced from rare mutations. Independent R189W or K193del mutation was not associated with earlier first-onset age as well as higher recurrent rate of VTE. However, combination of other genetic or acquired thrombophilic factors had supra-additive effects on those consequences. The more additional risk factors the patients had, the younger first-onset ages and higher risk of recurrence would be. CONCLUSIONS As the most frequent mutations for PC deficiency in Chinese population, both R189W and K193del mutations had limited independent contributions to VTE development compared with other rare mutations in PROC gene, but may act in concert with other genetic defects or acquired thrombotic risk factors to produce the final severe phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenman Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiulan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Baohua Qian
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Li Y, Feng R, Yu X, Li L, Liu Y, Zhang R, Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu Z. SLC35E2 promoter mutation as a prognostic marker of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Life Sci 2022; 296:120447. [PMID: 35247439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest digestive tract cancer with poor prognosis. In our previous comprehensive genomics study, we identified that hotspot mutations in the solute carrier family 35 member E2 (SLC35E2) promoter region was significantly associated with worse prognosis in patients with ESCC. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of SLC35E2 remains unclear. This study was to investigate the malignant function and mechanism of SLC35E2 in ESCC. MAIN METHODS Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to assess the expression of SLC35E2 in ESCC cell lines. Luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to assess the transcriptional inhibition of KLF4. Incucyte cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay and subcutaneous tumor formation in nude mice were used to assess the malignant function of SLC35E2. KEY FINDINGS SLC35E2 can promote ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcriptional repressor in ESCC, binds to the SLC35E2 promoter and represses the expression of SLC35E2. The transcriptional suppression of KLF4 can be blocked by the mutation at -118 site of the SLC35E2 promoter. Besides, the accumulation of SLC35E2 expression contributes to the malignant phenotype of ESCC. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that SLC35E2 may be used as a biomarker for prognosis as well as a therapeutic target for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Riyue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiankai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yahui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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Herberts C, Murtha AJ, Fu S, Wang G, Schönlau E, Xue H, Lin D, Gleave A, Yip S, Angeles A, Hotte S, Tran B, North S, Taavitsainen S, Beja K, Vandekerkhove G, Ritch E, Warner E, Saad F, Iqbal N, Nykter M, Gleave ME, Wang Y, Annala M, Chi KN, Wyatt AW. Activating AKT1 and PIK3CA Mutations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2020; 78:834-844. [PMID: 32451180 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating mutations in AKT1 and PIK3CA are undercharacterised in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), but are linked to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling and sensitivity to pathway inhibitors in other cancers. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence, genomic context, and clinical associations of AKT1/PIK3CA activating mutations in mCRPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We analysed targeted cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing data from 599 metastatic prostate cancer patients with circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) content above 2%. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS In patients with AKT1/PIK3CA mutations, cfDNA was subjected to PTEN intron sequencing and matched diagnostic tumour tissue was analysed when possible. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Of the patients, 6.0% (36/599) harboured somatic clonal activating mutation(s) in AKT1 or PIK3CA. Mutant allele-specific imbalance was common. Clonal mutations in mCRPC ctDNA were typically detected in pretreatment primary tissue and were consistent across serial ctDNA collections. AKT1/PIK3CA-mutant mCRPC had fewer androgen receptor (AR) gene copies than AKT1/PIK3CA wild-type mCRPC (median 4.7 vs 10.3, p = 0.003). AKT1 mutations were mutually exclusive with PTEN alterations. Patients with and without AKT1/PIK3CA mutations showed similar clinical outcomes with standard of care treatments. A heavily pretreated mCRPC patient with an AKT1 mutation experienced a 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen with Akt inhibitor (ipatasertib) monotherapy. Ipatasertib also had a marked antitumour effect in a patient-derived xenograft harbouring an AKT1 mutation. Limitations include the inability to assess AKT1/PIK3CA correlatives in ctDNA-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS AKT1/PIK3CA activating mutations are relatively common and delineate a distinct mCRPC molecular subtype with low-level AR copy gain. Clonal prevalence and evidence of mutant allele selection propose PI3K pathway dependency in selected patients. The use of cfDNA screening enables prospective clinical trials to test PI3K pathway inhibitors in this population. PATIENT SUMMARY Of advanced prostate cancer cases, 6% have activating mutations in the genes AKT1 or PIK3CA. These mutations can be identified using a blood test and may help select patients suitable for clinical trials of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Herberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Murtha
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simon Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elena Schönlau
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Yip
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Ben Tran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott North
- Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Beja
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gillian Vandekerkhove
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elie Ritch
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Evan Warner
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Urology, Hospital St. Luc du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nayyer Iqbal
- Medical Oncology, Saskatoon Cancer Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Matti Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matti Annala
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kim N Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Liu Y, Qiao K, Yan C, Song J, Huan X, Luo S, Lu J, Zhao C, Xi J. Congenital myasthenia syndrome in a Chinese family with mutations in MUSK: A hotspot mutation and literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 76:161-165. [PMID: 32253145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) caused by mutations in MUSK is very rare and the genotype-phenotype relationship in MUSK related CMS is still unclear. Here we identified two patients carrying a homozygous hotspot mutation, c.308A > G in MUSK from a Chinese family. Both of them presented predominant bulbar weakness and atrophy of bilateral temporalis and masticatory muscles. To address the phenotype-genotype relationship, a total of 27 MUSK related CMS patients were reviewed. Patients with nonsense, frameshift or splicing mutations showed earlier onset (10/13 vs 2/14 neonatal onset, p = 0.0018) and more occurrence of vocal cord paralysis or stridor (8/13 vs 0/14, p = 0.0006), indicating a more severe phenotype. Comparing with patients carrying other missense mutations, the four patients carrying a homozygous c.308A > G mutation showed the female predominance (4/10 vs 4/4) and dramatic exacerbation after emotional or physiological stresses (2/10 vs 4/4) like pregnancy, menstrual periods and infection. All these indicated a genotype-phenotype relationship in MUSK-related CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Yan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Huan
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Xi
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Fu J, Ma M, Song J, Pang M, Li G, Zhang J. BAG3 p.Pro209Ser mutation identified in a Chinese family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Neurol 2019; 267:1080-1085. [PMID: 31853710 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) gene mutations cause dilated cardiomyopathy and myofibrillar myopathy. Recently, a novel c.625C>T (p.Pro209Ser) mutation in BAG3 was reported to cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in three families. Here, we describe two patients with adult-onset and moderate CMT in a Chinese family. Nerve conduction velocity studies revealed an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, which was supported by sural nerve biopsy. Lower limb magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed fatty infiltration more severe in the soleus and deep posterior compartment muscles than in the medial gastrocnemius and anterior compartment muscles. Whole exome sequencing identified the same c.625C>T (p.Pro209Ser) mutation in BAG3, which co-segregated with the CMT disease in this family. This study further enforces the association between BAG3 gene and CMT disease, indicating that BAG3 should be considered in the genetic testing for CMT. The p.Pro209Ser mutation with different ethnic origins might be another hotspot mutation of BAG3. MRI is helpful to detect accurate extent of muscle involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Mi Pang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Henan University, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Ma X, Shao Y, Tian L, Flasch DA, Mulder HL, Edmonson MN, Liu Y, Chen X, Newman S, Nakitandwe J, Li Y, Li B, Shen S, Wang Z, Shurtleff S, Robison LL, Levy S, Easton J, Zhang J. Analysis of error profiles in deep next-generation sequencing data. Genome Biol 2019; 20:50. [PMID: 30867008 PMCID: PMC6417284 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing errors are key confounding factors for detecting low-frequency genetic variants that are important for cancer molecular diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance using deep next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of errors introduced at various steps of a conventional NGS workflow, such as sample handling, library preparation, PCR enrichment, and sequencing. In this study, we use current NGS technology to systematically investigate these questions. RESULTS By evaluating read-specific error distributions, we discover that the substitution error rate can be computationally suppressed to 10-5 to 10-4, which is 10- to 100-fold lower than generally considered achievable (10-3) in the current literature. We then quantify substitution errors attributable to sample handling, library preparation, enrichment PCR, and sequencing by using multiple deep sequencing datasets. We find that error rates differ by nucleotide substitution types, ranging from 10-5 for A>C/T>G, C>A/G>T, and C>G/G>C changes to 10-4 for A>G/T>C changes. Furthermore, C>T/G>A errors exhibit strong sequence context dependency, sample-specific effects dominate elevated C>A/G>T errors, and target-enrichment PCR led to ~ 6-fold increase of overall error rate. We also find that more than 70% of hotspot variants can be detected at 0.1 ~ 0.01% frequency with the current NGS technology by applying in silico error suppression. CONCLUSIONS We present the first comprehensive analysis of sequencing error sources in conventional NGS workflows. The error profiles revealed by our study highlight new directions for further improving NGS analysis accuracy both experimentally and computationally, ultimately enhancing the precision of deep sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Liqing Tian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Diane A. Flasch
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Heather L. Mulder
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Michael N. Edmonson
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Scott Newman
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Joy Nakitandwe
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Yongjin Li
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Benshang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Shuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Sheila Shurtleff
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Leslie L. Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Shawn Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
| | - John Easton
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
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Ruicci KM, Pinto N, Khan MI, Yoo J, Fung K, MacNeil D, Mymryk JS, Barrett JW, Nichols AC. ERK-TSC2 signalling in constitutively-active HRAS mutant HNSCC cells promotes resistance to PI3K inhibition. Oral Oncol 2018; 84:95-103. [PMID: 30115483 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is frequently altered in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC), making this pathway a logical therapeutic target. However, PI3K targeting is not universally effective. Biomarkers of response are needed to stratify patients likely to derive benefit and exclude those unlikely to respond. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the sensitivity of cell lines with constitutively-active (G12V mutant) HRAS and wild-type HRAS to PI3K inhibition using flow cytometry and cell viability assays. We then overexpressed and silenced HRAS and measured sensitivity to the PI3K inhibitor BYL719. Immunoblotting was used to determine activation of the PI3K pathway. MEK and mTOR inhibitors were then tested in HRAS mutant cells to determine their efficacy. RESULTS HRAS mutant cell lines were non-responsive to PI3K inhibition. Overexpression of HRAS led to reduced susceptibility to PI3K inhibition, while knockdown improved sensitivity. Immunoblotting revealed suppressed AKT phosphorylation upon PI3K inhibition in both wild-type and HRAS mutant cell lines, however mutant lines maintained phosphorylation of S6, downstream of mTOR. Targeting mTOR effectively reduced viability of HRAS mutant cells and we subsequently examined the ERK-TSC2-mTOR cascade as a mediator of resistance to PI3K inhibition. CONCLUSIONS HRAS mutant cells are resistant to PI3K inhibition and our findings suggest the involvement of a signalling intersection of the MAPK and PI3K pathways at the level of ERK-TSC2, leading to persistent mTOR activity. mTOR inhibition alone or in combination with MAPK pathway inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for this subset of HNSCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Ruicci
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Nicole Pinto
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - John Yoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Danielle MacNeil
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Abstract
RAC1 is a GTPase member of the RAS superfamily, and RAC1(P29S) was recently identified as the third most common recurrent mutation in melanomas, affecting 4-7% of the patients. This is an oncogenic mutation, because the mutant protein remains mostly in its active GTP-bound form, and its ectopic expression increases the rate of normal melanocytes proliferation and migration. There is limited information regarding the functional role of RAC1(P29S) as a "driver" in human melanogenesis and as a cause for drug resistance. This commentary describes the latest data and provides evidence that supports the notion that RAC1 is activated even in melanoma cells that do not carry the mutation rendering it a good target for therapy. On the other hand, its role in conferring resistance to BRAF or MEK inhibitors is still in question.
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