1
|
Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A. Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) into Brown-Like Adipocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:1-9. [PMID: 37076666 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass and activation is a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat obesity and associated complications. Obese and diabetic patients possess less BAT; thus, finding an efficient way to expand their mass is necessary. There is limited knowledge about how human BAT develops, differentiates, and is optimally activated. Accessing human BAT is challenging, given its scarcity and anatomical dispersion. These constraints make detailed BAT-related developmental and functional mechanistic studies in human subjects virtually impossible. We have developed a new chemically defined protocol for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into bona fide brown adipocytes (BAs) that overcomes current limitations. This protocol recapitulates step by step the physiological developmental path of human BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Carobbio
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scheele C, Henriksen TI, Nielsen S. Isolation and Characterization of Human Brown Adipocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:217-234. [PMID: 35167100 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermoregulatory fat with energy-consuming properties. The location and heterogeneity of this tissue makes it complicated to sample before and after interventions in humans, and an in vitro model for mechanistic and molecular studies is therefore of great value. We here describe a protocol for isolation of progenitors from the stromal vascular fraction of BAT biopsies obtained surgically from adult humans. We further present how these cells are differentiated in vitro and finally how they are characterized for thermogenic capacity. Methods for characterization described here include norepinephrine-induced thermogenic gene expression using qPCR; norepinephrine-induced mitochondrial uncoupling using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer, and norepinephrine-induced expression of UCP1 using the RNAscope® Technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tora Ida Henriksen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Efremova A, Senzacqua M, Venema W, Isakov E, Di Vincenzo A, Zingaretti MC, Protasoni M, Thomski M, Giordano A, Cinti S. A large proportion of mediastinal and perirenal visceral fat of Siberian adult people is formed by UCP1 immunoreactive multilocular and paucilocular adipocytes. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:185-192. [PMID: 31853729 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many deleterious consequences for health of excessive fat accumulation are due to visceral fat. Browning of visceral fat is mainly cold dependent and has been proposed as a possible tool for future therapies of obesity and related disorders. In this paper, we studied the composition of mediastinal and perirenal visceral fat, collected at necropsy, of human adults that lived in Siberia, one of the coldest regions of the earth. Data showed that a consistent part of the mediastinal and perirenal fat (up to about 40%) had the morphology typical of brown adipocytes and that a relevant percentage of them (up to about 30%) also expressed the functional marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Patients living mainly outdoor had higher percentage of brown-like adipocytes with more intensely UCP1 immunoreactive cells. The presence of numerous UCP1 immunoreactive paucilocular cells, a transitional stage of transdifferentiating adipocytes, supports the idea that visceral fat can be converted to brown adipose tissue in adult humans in physiological conditions. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive noradrenergic parenchymal nerve fibers were positively correlated to the number of multilocular adipocytes in mediastinal fat, and a similar trend was also observed in the perirenal fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agrafena Efremova
- Yakut Scientific Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wiebe Venema
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Evgeny Isakov
- Yakut Scientific Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Zingaretti
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Protasoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mikhail Thomski
- Yakut Scientific Center of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, School of Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica delle Marche), Via Tronto 10a, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Obesity involves a contrasting expansion of the energy-storing white fat and loss of functionally competent brown fat, an energy-consuming thermogenic adipose. Leveraging our understanding of white and brown adipocyte recruitment and investigating factors that regulate these processes might reveal novel targets for counteracting obesity. In vitro differentiation of primary preadipocytes mimics many of the morphological and transcriptional events occurring during adipogenesis in vivo. Moreover, preadipocytes isolated from a specific depot maintain features of their originating niche. This makes in vitro adipogenesis a valuable model for identifying differential regulation patterns between brown and white adipogenesis. In this chapter, we describe step-by-step how to isolate brown and white preadipocytes from human tissue biopsies and how to culture and differentiate them in vitro. We discuss this process, what to consider, and how this in vitro system can be used to model in vivo adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Juhlin Larsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Zenius Jespersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Scheele
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|