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Szekalska M, Sosnowska K, Tomczykowa M, Winnicka K, Kasacka I, Tomczyk M. In vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of cynaroside evaluated by using hydrogel formulations. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109681. [PMID: 31810125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cynaroside (CYN) is the predominant derivative of luteolin in aerial parts of Bidens tripartita which has been used in folk medicine as a diaphoretic, diuretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent. In our study, alginate (ALG), which is an anionic polymer with bioadhesive properties, was used as a CYN carrier, and multiple hydrogel formulations were created. Additionally, the present study evaluated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of all preparations. METHODS Novel gel formulations as topical carriers for CYN obtained from B. tripartita were developed and characterized. The bioadhesive properties of the designed preparations were also evaluated in an ex vivo model using the skin of hairless mice. In vitro CYN release from all formulations was examined and analysed by HPLC. Histopathological evaluation of mouse skin sections stained with H&E after carrageenan and oxazolone administration was also carried out. In addition, the influence of CYN on cell proliferation was examined by the PCNA staining method. RESULTS The results showed that 10 % CYN inhibited the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and both tested concentrations, which included 5 % and 10 % (2 mg and 20 mg CYN per site, respectively), reduced oxazolone-induced ear swelling. Histopathological examination of the samples revealed a marked reduction in paw skin and ear tissue inflammation and in inflammatory infiltrates. The influence of CYN on cell proliferation was examined by the PCNA staining method, and the staining and distribution of PCNA-immunoreactive (PCNA-IR) cells were observed. After the application of the 5 % and 10 % hydrogels, the investigated samples showed decreased nuclear immunoreactivity to PCNA, which was similar to that of the control. Moreover, after application of the placebo formulation, fewer PCNA-IR cells were also observed. CONCLUSION The obtained data suggest that the topical application of CYN significantly reduces the number of T cells, mast cells and histiocytes in mouse skin with inflammation or atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Tomczykowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
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Bani D, Bencini A, Bergonzi MC, Bilia AR, Guccione C, Severi M, Udisti R, Valtancoli B. Enhanced intra-cutaneous delivery of a Mn-containing antioxidant drug by high-frequency ultrasounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 106:197-203. [PMID: 25483173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate whether high-frequency ultrasounds, a commonly used aesthetic medicine treatment for skin rejuvenation, may enhance the penetration of the Mn-containing compound Mn(II)(Me2DO2A) (manganese(II) 4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,7-diacetate) biologically active as a superoxide anion scavenger, in the cutaneous layers of ex vivo human skin explants. Although its antioxidant properties are well known and the compound is basically not toxic in animal models, its trans-cutaneous permeation and its toxicological profile at a systemic level have not yet fully analyzed. Therefore, its possible penetration in the deep cutaneous layers was also evaluated. To this purpose, Mn(II)(Me2DO2A) was formulated as emulsion-gel, lipogel and hydrogel. These different formulations were also tested in combination with high-frequency ultrasounds (10-3500 Hz frequency modulation on a 5 MHz main frequency) used as physical permeation enhancers, delivered by a MedVisage™ device (General Project, Montespertoli, Italy) currently used for aesthetic medicine purposes. The permeation of the Mn-containing compound from the formulations was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) measurements of Mn in horizontal cryosections of the skin samples cut at different depths to separate the epidermis, papillary and reticular dermis, as well as by vertical Franz diffusion cells. The results show that the hydrogel formulation yielded the highest transepidermal delivery of Mn(II)(Me2DO2A) and that the application of ultrasounds (3 W, FM 100 Hz, 2×10 s) significantly enhanced its penetration into the epidermis and upper dermal layers. Of note, nearly undetectable amounts of Mn(II)(Me2DO2A) were detected in the reticular dermis and the Franz cell fluid. Although an in vivo confirmation of these results will be necessary, this method may allow to minimize undesired drug passage to the bloodstream and undesired delivery to non-target internal organs and avoiding its renal excretion and release into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Histology & Embryology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Bencini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clizia Guccione
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Roberto Udisti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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