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Rahmath Meeral P, Doraikannan S, Indiran MA. Efficiency of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate versus topical fluorides on remineralizing early enamel carious lesions - A systematic review and meta analysis. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:521-527. [PMID: 38690375 PMCID: PMC11056415 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the remineralizing efficiency of caesin phosphopepdide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) versus topical fluorides on early enamel lesions in vivo. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO were searched based on the PICOS criteria up to December 2022 with English language restriction. All relevant studies were subjected to two separate reviews before being included at the title, abstract, and full text levels. Study selection 41 studies were reviewed and 11 selected for inclusion in the final sample for the review. All were randomized clinical trials with the follow-up period of the studies ranging from 3 to 12 months. Out of the 11 studies, only two are with low risk of bias on assessment with Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, while the other nine articles were with the moderate and high risk of bias. Conclusions Conflicting evidence exists on the clinical efficacy of CPP-ACP compared to the various fluoride forms tested, and no adverse effect associated with CPP-ACP use was discovered in comparison to fluorides that had certain detrimental health impacts. Although, the review results in favor of both fluorides and CPP-ACP with similar clinical efficiency, when ill effects are considered the CPP-ACP can be a choice of remineralizing early enamel lesions. However, before concrete suggestions can be given, high-quality, well-designed clinical research in this area are still necessary. Clinical significance A considerable remineralizing impact has been shown in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, making CPP-ACP/CPP-ACPF a more promising remineralizing agent than fluorides. Therefore, this can be applied clinically to early enamel carious lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Rahmath Meeral
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Srisakthi Doraikannan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Meignana Arumugham Indiran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No. 162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai 600077, India
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Caceda JH, Jiang S, Calderon V, Villavicencio-Caparo E. Sensitivity and specificity of the ICDAS II system and bitewing radiographs for detecting occlusal caries using the Spectra™ caries detection system as the reference test in children. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:896. [PMID: 37986066 PMCID: PMC10662650 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of caries detection methods have been performed in vitro using the histological method as the gold standard showing inconsistent values. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity in detecting occlusal caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) with the radiographic method (RM), while using the Spectra™ Caries Detection System (SCDS) as the reference test. METHODS One hundred sixty children, ages 7-12 years, participated in the study. Five zones in the occlusal surfaces of 859 primary and 632 first permanent molars were examined visually using ICDAS-II, the RM using bitewing radiographs and SCDS. The descriptive statistics of sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared. RESULTS For all molars combined and for primary molars only, the sensitivity of ICDAS II was higher for detecting total caries (p < 0.001), caries in enamel (p < 0.001), and caries in dentin (p = 0.016), but it was not different for detecting caries in the dentin of permanent first molars (p = 0.214), and primary second molars (p = 0.761). The specificity of RM was higher for detecting total caries, caries in enamel for all molars combined and for permanent first molars (p < 0.001). For caries in dentin, the specificity of ICDAS II was higher for all molars combined and for primary molars only (p < 0.001). For total caries in primary molars only, and caries in dentin of permanent first molars only, the specificity was not different (p = 0.156 and p = 0.181 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of ICDAS II and RM changes depending on whether the carious lesion compromises the enamel or dentin, and if the caries detection is performed in the primary molars or permanent first molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge H Caceda
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Health, 110 Bergen St, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Shuying Jiang
- Rutgers-School of Dental Medicine, Office of Academic Affairs, 110 Bergen St, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Calderon
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ave. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Perú
| | - Ebingen Villavicencio-Caparo
- Universidad Católica de Cuenca Ecuador, Av. Humboldt y Av. Las Américas, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, School of Dentistry, Department of Social Dentistry, Ave. Honorio Delgado 430, San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
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Zaazou MH, Zaki DY, Abdelnabi A, Hamdy TM, Saleh RS, Hassan SN, Zaki ZM, Moharam LM. Comparative evaluation of caries prevalence among group of Egyptian adolescents using DMFS and ICDASII methods: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 36694167 PMCID: PMC9873213 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data is available regarding the prevalence of dental caries as a chronic disease among adolescents using different caries assessment indices. The aim of this study was to compare and describe the prevalence of dental caries among group of Egyptian students using two caries assessment indices; DMFS and ICDAS II. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study included 2760 public secondary school students with age range from 15 to 18 years with permanent dentition and good general health. Presence of; retained teeth, congenital or developmental anomalies in the permanent dentition, orthodontic treatments, systematic conditions, smoking and general health problems were considered the exclusion criteria in this study. Participants were selected randomly from 8 public secondary schools in the Great Cairo, Egypt. The examination was achieved by 6 trained and previously calibrated examiners using sets of diagnostic mirrors, compressed air, a WHO probe and cotton rolls. DMFS index and ICDAS II system were used as caries detection methods. In DMFS index; the number of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) surfaces was recorded, while in the ICDAS II index, the assessment of both cavitated and non-cavitated carious, missed and filled teeth with restorations /sealants was recorded. The examiners performed the oral examination using both scoring systems in an alternating manner. The collected data were explored for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Chi square test was used to analyze the frequencies. RESULTS There was a statistical significant difference between the DMFS and ICDAS II methods results regarding the recorded number of caries affected teeth and cavitated teeth surfaces. The prevalence of dental caries among the investigated secondary school students was (69.56%) and (78.29%) for DMFS and ICDAS II, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian adolescent is high. ICDAS scoring system revealed higher caries prevalence values than DMFS method. ICDAS method is the best choice for the preventive goals, while DMFS is sufficient for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed. H. Zaazou
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Dalia Y. Zaki
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Ali Abdelnabi
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Hamdy
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Reham S. Saleh
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Shahinaz N. Hassan
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Zeinab M. Zaki
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M. Moharam
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
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Aboulnaga MA, Akah MM, Hassanein OES. Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Remin Pro Forte vs Remin Pro on White Spot Lesions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:520-526. [PMID: 35986460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to evaluate the remineralization potential of Remin Pro Forte vs Remin Pro remineralizing agents on white spot lesions (WSLs) post-orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with post-orthodontic WSLs were divided into the following two equal groups based on treatment (n = 10): (1) A 3-month program of hydroxyapatite, fluoride, xylitol, ginger, curcuma-containing cream (Remin Pro Forte) as intervention group; (2) A 3-month cream regimen including hydroxyapatite and fluoride, xylitol (Remin Pro) as control group. The main outcomes including caries regression (assessed by ICDAS II), mineral content (assessed by VistaCam iX camera), and color of WSLs (assessed by digital image analysis by Adobe photoshop) were measured at the time of enrollment and 1, 2, and 3 months afterward. Mann-Whitney test used to compare between tested groups. The statistical significance was set at p <0.05. RESULTS Both Remin Pro Forte and Remin Pro elicited much better caries regression and significantly higher mineral content in WSLs over a 3-month period (p <0.05). However, the difference in mineral content of WSLs between groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.414). In both experimental groups, the appearance of WSLs improved significantly (p <0.05). CONCLUSION Both Remin Pro Forte and Remin Pro were successful in reducing caries, increasing mineral content, and enhancing the appearance of demineralized enamel, indicating that both products could be suggested for post-orthodontic WSL management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Natural herbal products could be employed as remineralizing agents and included into tooth preventive measures. It is a less harmful alternative to traditional chemical remineralization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah Atef Aboulnaga
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Conservative and Esthetic Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt, Phone: +20 1016524841, e-mail:
| | - Mai Mamdouh Akah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gudipaneni RK, Alkuwaykibi AS, Ganji KK, Bandela V, Karobari MI, Hsiao CY, Kulkarni S, Thambar S. Assessment of caries diagnostic thresholds of DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars in early permanent dentition-a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:133. [PMID: 35443630 PMCID: PMC9022274 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actual burden of dental caries prevalence varies with the caries assessment tool used. Therefore, the present study evaluated the caries diagnostic potentials of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT); International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) indices in estimating the caries prevalence rate of first permanent molar (FPM) in Saudi male children aged 7–9 years. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 390 children by multistage stratified cluster sampling method in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rates of FPM caries were determined by DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST indices at various diagnostic cut-off points. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was determined. Results The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by DMFT (decayed), ICDAS II (codes 1–6) and CAST (codes 3–7) were 64.4% (61.6–67.2), 71.5% (69.2–73.2) and 71.0% (68.7–73.3), respectively. The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by ICDAS II at various diagnostic cut-offs were as follows: ‘sound’ (code ‘0’), 28.5% (26.3–30.8); ‘enamel caries’ (codes 1–3), 57.2% (54.7–59.7) and ‘dentinal caries’ (codes 4–6), 14.3% (12.6–16.1). Similarly, the prevalence rates estimated by CAST at different diagnostic cut-off points were: ‘healthy’ (scores 0–2), 28.1% (25.9–30.4); ‘premorbid’ (score 3, enamel carious), 56.5% (54.0–59.0); ‘morbid’ (scores 4–5, cavitated carious dentin), 7.9% (6.6–9.3); ‘severe morbidity’ (scores 6–7, pulp exposure/fistula/abscess), 6.6% (5.4–8.1) and ‘mortality’ (score 8, lost), 0.8% (0.4–1.4). Conclusion Enamel caries lesions were found in more than half of the FPMs investigated in the current study. CAST index is preferable because it detects the complete spectrum of caries. ICDAS II at codes 1–6 and CAST at codes 3–7 projected similar caries prevalence rates in FPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Saud Alkuwaykibi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Kumar Ganji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinod Bandela
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia
| | - Chih-Yi Hsiao
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sachin Kulkarni
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Samuel Thambar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Khallaf YS, Hafez S, Shaalan OO. Evaluation of ICCMS versus CAMBRA Caries Risk Assessment Models Acquisition on Treatment Plan in Young Adult Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:293-304. [PMID: 34290532 PMCID: PMC8289689 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s318313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the difference between ICCMS and CAMBRA models on treatment plan of young adults. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 104 young adult patients were randomly divided into two groups, either ICCMS or CAMBRA. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were examined according to the criteria of the ICDAS-II and caries risk was analyzed according to CAMBRA and divided into two equal groups according to treatment protocol. Caries incidence was assessed according to ICDAS-II criteria after 6 and 12 months. Statistical analysis used Chi-square test. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Relative risk (RR) was used to determine the clinical significance. RESULTS The current study has revealed no statistically significant difference between both caries risk assessment models tested at baseline (P = 0.317), 6 months (P = 0.164) and 1 year (P = 0.287). Intra-group assessment of CAMBRA group showed a statistically significant difference in ICDAS scores (P = 0.002) after 12 months in high- and moderate-risk groups while low-risk group did not show statistically significant difference in ICDAS scores between different follow-up periods (P = 0.593) and (P = 1.000), respectively. ICCMS groups did not show statistically significant differences in any group along follow-up periods. CONCLUSION ICCMS and CAMBRA were equivalent in preventing new decay. The ICCMS treatment plan is a safe approach and its preventive products are available over the counter. However, it is more complicated than CAMBRA. While CAMBRA is simpler, it is less comprehensive, some of its products are not available over the counter worldwide (e.g. Duraphat 5000 ppm) and some of them may be accompanied by several side effects (e.g. chlorhexidine mouthwash), which may weaken its management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna Sayed Khallaf
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Hafez
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar Osama Shaalan
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Almerich-Torres T, Montiel-Company JM, Bellot-Arcís C, Iranzo-Cortés JE, Ortolá-Siscar JC, Almerich-Silla JM. Caries Prevalence Evolution and Risk Factors among Schoolchildren and Adolescents from Valencia (Spain): Trends 1998-2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17186561. [PMID: 32916930 PMCID: PMC7560151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the caries status and risk factors in the schoolchildren of Spain’s Valencia region in 2018 and to compare them to the 20-year evolution of caries indicators in the region. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1722 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 15 using cluster sampling. Caries status, using International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) criteria, and sociodemographic variables were recorded. To ensure the comparison with previous studies using WHO caries criteria, the cut-off point was established at ICDAS II code 4. Caries prevalence was found to be 37.4% and the decayed and filled teeth index (dft) was 1.23 at 6 years for deciduous dentition (DD). In permanent dentition (PD) at 12 years, caries prevalence was 30.1% with a 0.66 decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT), and at 15 years, prevalence was 44.6% and DMFT was 1.21. Socioeconomic status poses a major risk factor for caries prevalence in deciduous dentition; it is 1.8 times higher in the lowest socioeconomic group. Deciduous dentition status has worsened in the most recent eight-year period, whereas in permanent dentition the 12- and 15-year values are similar to those of the 2010 survey. Evolution analysis suggests that community dental care programs be enhanced, involving preventive activities staring at the first year and targeting disadvantaged groups.
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Nor NAM, Chadwick BL, Farnell D, Chestnutt IG. The prevalence of enamel and dentine caries lesions and their determinant factors among children living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Community Dent Health 2019; 36:229-236. [PMID: 31437389 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_4522nor08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries (at dentine and enamel levels of diagnosis) amongst Malaysian children and to investigate determinant factors associated with caries detection at these different thresholds. METHODS This study involved life-long residents aged 12 years-old in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas in Malaysia (n=595). The survey was carried out in 16 public schools by a calibrated examiner, using ICDAS-II criteria. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and oral hygiene practices was self-administered by parents/guardians. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression. RESULTS The overall response rate was 74.4%. Caries prevalence at the dentine level or at the dentine and enamel level was significantly (p⟨0.001) higher among children in the non-fluoridated area (D₁₋₆MFT⟩0 = 82.4%, D₄₋₆MFT⟩0 = 53.5%) than in the fluoridated area (D₁₋₆MFT⟩0 = 68.7%, D₄₋₆MFT⟩0 = 25.5%). Considering only the decayed component of the index, no significant differences were observed between the two areas when the detection threshold was set at enamel caries (D₁₋₃) (p=0.506). However, when the detection criteria were elevated to the level of caries into dentine (D₄₋₆) there were clear differences between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas (p=0.006). Exposure to fluoridated water proved a significant predictor for lower caries prevalence in the statistical model. Children whose father and mother had a low monthly income had a significantly higher dentine caries prevalence. CONCLUSION Results confirmed existing evidence of the benefit of water fluoridation in caries prevention. Detection criteria set at caries into dentine shows clear differences between fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Exposure to fluoridated water and socio-economic status were associated with caries prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A M Nor
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - B L Chadwick
- Department of Applied Clinical Research and Dental Public Health, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Farnell
- Department of Applied Clinical Research and Dental Public Health, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
| | - I G Chestnutt
- Department of Applied Clinical Research and Dental Public Health, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK
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Ünal M, Koçkanat A, Güler S, Gültürk E. Diagnostic Performance of Different Methods in Detecting Incipient Non-Cavitated Occlusal Caries Lesions in Permanent Teeth. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 43:173-9. [PMID: 30964722 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This in vitro study was aimed to investigate the performance of the new caries detection tools on the incipient occlusal caries. Study design: In our study, 100 permanent molar teeth, which were considered to have incipient, enamel caries (D1 and D2 threshold values) according to ICDAS II score. After the visual examination, caries measurements have been applied to all teeth by using DIAGNOdent pen (DP), CarieScan PRO (CP) and SoproLife camera (SC). In addition, in vitro examinations were repeated 2 weeks later. After sectioning and evaluation in stereomicroscope, the lesion depth was determined with histological criteria that are accepted for the gold standard for this research. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under the ROC curve were calculated at D1 and D2 thresholds. The intra-examiners' reproducibility were analysed using Cohen's kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Intra-examiner repeatability values varied from 0.94 to 0.99 and kappa values ranged from 0.90 to 0.99. While the highest sensitivity and specificity value showed for SC at D1 and D2 thresholds, CP presented the lowest values. The area under ROC curves (Az) varied from 0.70 to 0.99. ICDAS II showed the highest area under ROC curves (Az). Conclusions: ICDAS II, visual diagnostic method by itself is considered to sufficient in order to diagnose incipient occlusal caries. SC may be used as an alternative method for the ICDAS II, since its advantages by displaying caries lesion on the computer monitor, follow-up and motivation of the patients provided.
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Ozsin Ozler C, Uzamis Tekcicek M, Ozdemir P, Guciz Dogan B. Pufa Index and Related Factors Among 36- to 71-month-old Children in Turkey: A Cross-Sectional Study. Oral Health Prev Dent 2018; 16:467-472. [PMID: 30460360 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a41407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries among preschool children by using the pufa index (visible pulp, ulceration of the oral mucosa due to root fragments, a fistula or an abscess) and the incorporation of some risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected via structured, pre-tested questionnaires from 729 parents in Turkey's capital, Ankara. Examinations were performed under field conditions by one examiner. The decayed teeth were scored according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II criteria. The filled and missing teeth and surfaces were also recorded as dmft and dmfs, and the pufa index was used for the consequences of untreated caries. The associations were evaluated by univariate analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS The means age of the study population was 58.8 ± 8.6 months. 45% of the children were female and 55% were male. Mean dmft and dmfs were 4.8 ± 4.7 and 8.3 ± 10.2, respectively. 73.8% of the children had early childhood caries (ECC), while 51.0% had severe cases. Only 58 children (8.0%) had totally healthy primary teeth according to ICDAS II. Of the children with caries (n = 538), 17.5% had at least one pufa tooth. According to the logistic regression analysis, sex, having at least one sibling, extraction experience, and father's educational level were found to be the factors associated with the existence of pufa. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers' attention must be drawn to both untreated carious lesions and the high ECC proportion among preschool children.
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Ballikaya E, Guciz Dogan B, Onay O, Uzamis Tekcicek M. Oral health status of children with mouth breathing due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 113:11-15. [PMID: 30173966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mouth breathing is an important health problem, commonly encountered in children. In children, adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy is the main reason causing partial or complete upper airway obstruction and reduction in airflow. This study aimed to determine the oral health status of children aged 3-15 years, with mouth breathing who were due to have surgery for adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy and referred to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Children's Hospital of a University in Ankara, Turkey between January-July 2015. METHODS The approval of the Non-Interventional Clinical Researches Ethics Board of Hacettepe University and written informed consents from the parents were obtained. The parents completed a questionnaire before the surgery. The children were examined using dental mirror and explorer under dental unit lighting. Oral health status was evaluated with DMFT/S, dmft/s, ICDAS II, dental plaque and gingival indices. The chi-square test, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests were used to statistically analyse the results, with statistical significance p<0.05. RESULTS Of the 170 children who had adenotonsillar hypertrophy with mouth breathing, 150 the parents agreed to participate the study. 77 of the children (51.3%) were male; the mean age was 5.9 ± 2.6. Mean dmft was 3.8 ± 3.6, dmfs 9.7 ± 1.1, DMFT 0.4 ± 1.0 and DMFS 0.6 ± 1.5 respectively. Among the children, 101 (67.3%) had cavitated dental caries, and according to ICDAS II, none had healthy teeth, 15 (10.0%) had initial, 42 (28.0%) had moderate and 93 (62.0%) had advanced caries. Of the children, 89.3% had gingivitis and the proportion of gingivitis in posterior region was found to be significantly higher than anterior region (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONS The oral health status of mouth breathing in children with adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy was poor. To reduce the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease among these children, regular dental follow-up and preventive programmes for oral health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ballikaya
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Guciz Dogan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Ovsen Onay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Meryem Uzamis Tekcicek
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
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Abrams T, Abrams S, Sivagurunathan K, Moravan V, Hellen W, Elman G, Amaechi B, Mandelis A. Detection of Caries Around Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer and Compomer Restorations Using Four Different Modalities In Vitro. Dent J (Basel) 2018; 6:E47. [PMID: 30223618 DOI: 10.3390/dj6030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of visual examination (International Caries Detection and Assessment System—ICDAS II), light-emitting diodes (LED) fluorescence (SPECTRA), laser fluorescence (DIAGNODent, DD), photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (PTR-LUM, The Canary System, CS) to detect natural decay beneath resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) and compomer restorations in vitro. Twenty-seven extracted human molars and premolars, consisting of 2 control teeth, 10 visually healthy/sound and 15 teeth with natural cavitated lesions, were selected. For the carious teeth, caries was removed leaving some carious tissue on one wall of the preparation. For the sound teeth, 3 mm deep cavity preparations were made. All cavities were restored with RMGIC or compomer restorative materials. Sixty-eight sites (4 sites on sound unrestored teeth, 21 sound sites and 43 carious sites with restorations) were selected. CS and DD triplicate measurements were done at 2, 1.5, 0.5, and 0 mm away from the margin of the restoration (MOR). SPECTRA images were taken, and two dentists provided ICDAS II scoring for the restored surfaces. The SPECTRA data and images were inconclusive due to signal interference from the restorations. Visual examinations of the restored tooth surfaces were able to identify 5 of the 15 teeth with caries. In these situations, the teeth were ranked as having ICDAS II 1 or 2 rankings, but they could not identify the location of the caries or depth of the lesion. CS and DD were able to differentiate between sound and carious tissue at the MOR, but larger variation in measurement, and poorer accuracy, was observed for DD. It was concluded that the CS has the potential to detect secondary caries around RMGIC and compomer restorations more accurately than the other modalities used in this study.
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13
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Abrams SH, Sivagurunathan KS, Silvertown JD, Wong B, Hellen A, Mandelis A, Hellen WMP, Elman GI, Mathew SM, Mensinkai PK, Amaechi BT. Correlation with Caries Lesion Depth of The Canary System, DIAGNOdent and ICDAS II. Open Dent J 2017; 11:679-689. [PMID: 29387284 PMCID: PMC5750685 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to correlate lesion depth of natural caries, measured with Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), to Canary Numbers (CN) derived from The Canary System™ (CS), numerical readings from DIAGNOdent (DD), and lesion scores from ICDAS II. Methods: A total of 20 examination sites on extracted human molars and premolars were selected. The selected examination sites consisted of healthy and enamel caries on smooth and occlusal surfaces of each tooth. Two blinded dentists ranked each examination site using ICDAS II and the consensus score for each examined site was recorded. The same examination sites were scanned with CS and DD, and the CN and DD readings were recorded. After all the measurements were completed, the readings of the three caries detection methods were validated with a histological method, Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). PLM performed by blinded examiners was used as the ‘gold standard’ to confirm the presence or absence of a caries lesion within each examined site and to determine caries lesion depth. Results: Pearson’s coefficients of correlation with caries lesion depth of CNs, DD readings and ICDAS scores were 0.84, 0.21 and 0.77, respectively. Mean ± SD CN for sound sites (n=3), caries lesion depths <800 µm (n=11), and caries lesion depths >800 µm (n=6) were 11±1, 55±15, and 75±22, respectively. Mean ± SD DD readings for sound sites, caries lesion depths <800 µm, and caries lesion depths >800 µm were 1±1, 7±11, and 8±9, respectively. Mean ± SD ICDAS II scores for sound sites, caries lesion depths <800 µm, and caries lesion depths >800 µm were 0±0, 2±1, and 2±1, respectively. The intra-operator repeatability for the Canary System was .953 (0.913, 0.978). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the CS exhibits much higher correlation with caries lesion depth compared to ICDAS II and DD. CS may provide the clinician with more information about the size and position of the lesion which might help in monitoring or treating the lesion. The present extracted tooth study found that The Canary System correlates with caries lesion depth more accurately that ICDAS II and DIAGNOdent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Abrams
- Quantum Dental Technologies Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Cliffcrest Dental Office, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Bonny Wong
- Quantum Dental Technologies Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Hellen
- Quantum Dental Technologies Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas Mandelis
- Quantum Dental Technologies Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Advanced Diffusion Wave and Photoacoustic Technologies (CADIPT), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canadas
| | | | - Gary I Elman
- Cliffcrest Dental Office, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Mathew
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Lozano Moraga CP, Rodríguez Martínez GA, Lefimil Puente CA, Morales Bozo IC, Urzúa Orellana BR. Prevalence of Candida albicans and carriage of Candida non-albicans in the saliva of preschool children, according to their caries status. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:30-35. [PMID: 27796162 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2016.1244560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to establish associations among the Candida carriage rate, the diversity of Candida species carried and the different caries status of preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-one children between 2 and 5 years of age were examined by a single expert examiner and were divided into three groups, the caries-free, moderate caries and severe caries groups, according to the criteria of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS). Saliva samples were obtained from the members of each group and were plated on Sabouraud agar plates to assess the Candida carriage rates. CHROMagar Candida medium was used for the preliminary screening. Biochemical testing or PCR/sequencing was conducted to identify the different Candida species in the samples. The differences observed were considered significant if the p value was <0.05. RESULTS The Candida carriage rate and the number of species of this fungus carried were higher in the group with the highest level of caries severity (p < 0.05). Whereas Candida albicans was the most predominant Candida species in the saliva of all of the children, C. dubliniensis was identified only in the most caries-affected group in addition to other rare species of Candida non-albicans. CONCLUSIONS A high salivary Candida carriage rate and the presence of specific species of this fungus (such as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis) appear to be related to the severity of caries experienced by preschool children.
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Abstract
The International Caries Detection and Assessment
System (ICDAS) is a clinical scoring system which
allows detection and assessment of caries activity.
ICDAS was developed for use in clinical research,
clinical practice and for epidemiological purposes.
A recent review of caries detection criteria systems
found that there were inconsistencies among the
research criteria for caries measuring systems.
There is a need to an uniform system which allows
comparison of data collected in different researches.
ICDAS allows detection of caries process at every
stage and characterization of the caries activity status
of lesion. Later, the criteria were modified and ICDAS
II created. The aim of this review is to inform about
the ICDAS II and make a comparison between ICDAS
II criteria and other caries detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benin Dikmen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, Turkey
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16
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Berdouses ED, Koutsouri GD, Tripoliti EE, Matsopoulos GK, Oulis CJ, Fotiadis DI. A computer-aided automated methodology for the detection and classification of occlusal caries from photographic color images. Comput Biol Med 2015; 62:119-35. [PMID: 25932969 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to present a computer-aided automated methodology for the assessment of carious lesions, according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II), which are located on the occlusal surfaces of posterior permanent teeth from photographic color tooth images. The proposed methodology consists of two stages: (a) the detection of regions of interest and (b) the classification of the detected regions according to ICDAS ΙΙ. In the first stage, pre-processing, segmentation and post-processing mechanisms were employed. For each pixel of the detected regions, a 15×15 neighborhood is used and a set of intensity-based and texture-based features were extracted. A correlation based technique was applied to select a subset of 36 features which were given as input into the classification stage, where five classifiers (J48, Random Tree, Random Forests, Support Vector Machines and Naïve Bayes) were compared to conclude to the best one, in our case, to Random Forests. The methodology was evaluated on a set of 103 digital color images where 425 regions of interest from occlusal surfaces of extracted permanent teeth were manually segmented and classified, based on visual assessments by two experts. The methodology correctly detected 337 out of 340 regions in the detection stage with accuracy of detection 80%. For the classification stage an overall accuracy 83% is achieved. The proposed methodology provides an objective and fully automated caries diagnostic system for occlusal carious lesions with similar or better performance of a trained dentist taking into consideration the available medical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias D Berdouses
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgia D Koutsouri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evanthia E Tripoliti
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - George K Matsopoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantine J Oulis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios I Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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