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Wei G. RNA m6A modification, signals for degradation or stabilisation? Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:707-717. [PMID: 38629637 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is conserved across eukaryotes, and profoundly influences RNA metabolism, including regulating RNA stability. METTL3 and METTL14, together with several accessory components, form a 'writer' complex catalysing m6A modification. Conversely, FTO and ALKBH5 function as demethylases, rendering m6A dynamic. Key to understanding the functional significance of m6A is its 'reader' proteins, exemplified by YTH-domain-containing proteins (YTHDFs) canonical reader and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) non-canonical reader. These proteins play a crucial role in determining RNA stability: YTHDFs mainly promote mRNA degradation through different cytoplasmic pathways, whereas IGF2BPs function to maintain mRNA stability. Additionally, YTHDC1 functions within the nucleus to degrade or protect certain m6A-containing RNAs, and other non-canonical readers also contribute to RNA stability regulation. Notably, m6A regulates retrotransposon LINE1 RNA stability and/or transcription via multiple mechanisms. However, conflicting observations underscore the complexities underlying m6A's regulation of RNA stability depending upon the RNA sequence/structure context, developmental stage, and/or cellular environment. Understanding the interplay between m6A and other RNA regulatory elements is pivotal in deciphering the multifaceted roles m6A plays in RNA stability regulation and broader cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
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2
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Duan M, Liu H, Xu S, Yang Z, Zhang F, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhao S, Jiang X. IGF2BPs as novel m 6A readers: Diverse roles in regulating cancer cell biological functions, hypoxia adaptation, metabolism, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Genes Dis 2024; 11:890-920. [PMID: 37692485 PMCID: PMC10491980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
m6A methylation is the most frequent modification of mRNA in eukaryotes and plays a crucial role in cancer progression by regulating biological functions. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BP) are newly identified m6A 'readers'. They belong to a family of RNA-binding proteins, which bind to the m6A sites on different RNA sequences and stabilize them to promote cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which different upstream factors regulate IGF2BP in cancer. The current literature analyzed here reveals that the IGF2BP family proteins promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, and chemoresistance, inhibit apoptosis, and are also associated with cancer glycolysis, angiogenesis, and the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, with the discovery of their role as 'readers' of m6A and the characteristic re-expression of IGF2BPs in cancers, it is important to elucidate their mechanism of action in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. We also describe in detail the regulatory and interaction network of the IGF2BP family in downstream target RNAs and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as recent advances in IGF2BP biology and associated therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Department of Gastroendoscopy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Fusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
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3
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Sun M, Wang L, Ge L, Xu D, Zhang R. IGF2BP1 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression by regulating the KIF2A-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 24:4. [PMID: 38102458 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) are crucially implicated in the cancer progression. The current study intends to excavate and clarify the mechanisms of the key IGF2BPs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of IGF2BPs and kinesin family member 2A (KIF2A) was examined using immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot in NSCLC tissue samples or cell lines. NSCLC cell viability was examined using a cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell apoptotic rate was assessed using flow cytometry analysis. The migration and invasion of H1299 cells were subject to scratch test and Transwell assays, respectively. Starbase 2.0 was used to detect the downstream factors of the IGF2BP1 protein. The binding of IGF2BP with KIF2A was detected using RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assays. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry assay and TUNEL assays were applied for the evaluation of proliferation and apoptosis in vivo, respectively. IGF2BP1 was upregulated in NSCLC tissue samples and cells. Functionally, IGF2BP1 overexpression promoted the proliferative ability, migration, and invasiveness of H1299 cells, while inhibiting cell apoptosis in vitro. In vivo studies revealed that overexpression of IGF2BP1 promoted tumor growth of NSCLC. Mechanistically, IGF2BP1 was involved in KIF2A mRNA stabilization. KIF2A exerted the same functions as IGF2BP1 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, IGF2BP1 enhances NSCLC malignant progression by stabilizing KIF2A to modulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Ge
- Department of Oncology, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Daojun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Renquan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
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Jiang T, He X, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Wang T, Jia L. RNA m6A reader IGF2BP3 promotes metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer via SLIT2 repression. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22618. [PMID: 36250924 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200751rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a group of fatal malignancies characterized by high metastatic capacity, the underlying mechanisms of which remain largely elusive. We have found here that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is highly expressed in TNBC and correlates clinically with distant metastasis-free survival of TNBC patients. IGF2BP3 promotes the migration and invasion capabilities of TNBC cells dependent upon cellular RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 binds to and destabilizes m6A-methylated mRNA of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein, SLIT2, impairs its downstream signaling via the cognate receptor ROBO1, and consequently triggers the activation of canonical PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways. The IGF2BP3/SLIT2 axis is critically involved in the regulation of TNBC metastasis in vivo. These findings shed light into the regulatory network of distant metastasis of breast cancer and provide rationale for targeting the m6A machinery in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing 986 Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Cui XH, Hu SY, Zhu CF, Qin XH. Expression and prognostic analyses of the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein family in human pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1160. [PMID: 33246429 PMCID: PMC7694419 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in early diagnosis and treatment, cancer remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein (IGF2BP) family has been reported to be involved in a variety of human malignant tumours. However, little is known about their expression and prognostic value in human pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we performed a detailed cancer versus normal differential analysis. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases were used to analyse the mRNA expression levels of the IGF2BP family in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Then, the LinkedOmics and GEPIA databases were used to assess the relation between the expression levels of IGF2BPs and overall survival (OS). Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, and subgroups based on grade and stage were analysed. The signalling pathways associated with IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 were then investigated via gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 were associated with each subset of OS based on grade and stage. Further clinical correlation analysis of IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 confirmed that IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 are fundamental factors in promoting pancreatic cancer progression. CONCLUSION IGF2BP2 and IGF2BP3 are key factors in promoting the progression of pancreatic cancer and are closely related to overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Cui
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Pohu Middle Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, P.R. China
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yi Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Fu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Pohu Middle Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, P.R. China.
| | - Xi-Hu Qin
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 68 Pohu Middle Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213000, P.R. China.
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Schuschel K, Helwig M, Hüttelmaier S, Heckl D, Klusmann JH, Hoell JI. RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3409. [PMID: 32408494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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Hanniford D, Ulloa-Morales A, Karz A, Berzoti-Coelho MG, Moubarak RS, Sánchez-Sendra B, Kloetgen A, Davalos V, Imig J, Wu P, Vasudevaraja V, Argibay D, Lilja K, Tabaglio T, Monteagudo C, Guccione E, Tsirigos A, Osman I, Aifantis I, Hernando E. Epigenetic Silencing of CDR1as Drives IGF2BP3-Mediated Melanoma Invasion and Metastasis. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:55-70.e15. [PMID: 31935372 PMCID: PMC7184928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death of cancer patients. Dissecting mechanisms governing metastatic spread may uncover important tumor biology and/or yield promising therapeutic insights. Here, we investigated the role of circular RNAs (circRNA) in metastasis, using melanoma as a model aggressive tumor. We identified silencing of cerebellar degeneration-related 1 antisense (CDR1as), a regulator of miR-7, as a hallmark of melanoma progression. CDR1as depletion results from epigenetic silencing of LINC00632, its originating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and promotes invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo through a miR-7-independent, IGF2BP3-mediated mechanism. Moreover, CDR1as levels reflect cellular states associated with distinct therapeutic responses. Our study reveals functional, prognostic, and predictive roles for CDR1as and expose circRNAs as key players in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Hanniford
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alejandro Ulloa-Morales
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alcida Karz
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rana S Moubarak
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Andreas Kloetgen
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jochen Imig
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Wu
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Varshini Vasudevaraja
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Argibay
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karin Lilja
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tommaso Tabaglio
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iman Osman
- Departments of Urology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Waly AA, El-Ekiaby N, Assal RA, Abdelrahman MM, Hosny KA, El Tayebi HM, Esmat G, Breuhahn K, Abdelaziz AI. Methylation in MIRLET7A3 Gene Induces the Expression of IGF-II and Its mRNA Binding Proteins IGF2BP-2 and 3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1918. [PMID: 30733684 PMCID: PMC6353855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-let-7a is a tumor suppressor miRNA with reduced expression in most cancers. Methylation of MIRLET7A3 gene was reported to be the cause of this suppression in several cancers; however, it was not explicitly investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed at investigating miR-let-7a expression and molecular mode in HCC, identifying drug-targetable networks, which might be affected by its abundance. Our results illustrated a significant repression of miR-let-7a, which correlated with hypermethylation of its gene of origin MIRLRT7A3. This was further supported by the induction of miR-let-7a expression upon treatment of HCC cells with a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. Using a computational approach, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II and IGF-2 mRNA binding proteins (IGF2BP)-2/-3 were identified as potential targets for miR-let-7a that was further confirmed experimentally. Indeed, miR-let-7a mimics diminished IGF-II as well as IGF2BP-2/-3 expression. Direct binding of miR-let-7a to each respective transcript was confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. In conclusion, this study suggests that DNA hypermethylation leads to epigenetic repression of miR-let-7a in HCC cells, which induces the oncogenic IGF-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A Waly
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Reem A Assal
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Karim A Hosny
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Molecular Hepatopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed I Abdelaziz
- The Molecular Pathology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Medicine, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ravanidis S, Kattan FG, Doxakis E. Unraveling the Pathways to Neuronal Homeostasis and Disease: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of RNA-Binding Proteins and Associated Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082280. [PMID: 30081499 PMCID: PMC6121432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing, dosage and location of gene expression are fundamental determinants of brain architectural complexity. In neurons, this is, primarily, achieved by specific sets of trans-acting RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their associated factors that bind to specific cis elements throughout the RNA sequence to regulate splicing, polyadenylation, stability, transport and localized translation at both axons and dendrites. Not surprisingly, misregulation of RBP expression or disruption of its function due to mutations or sequestration into nuclear or cytoplasmic inclusions have been linked to the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as fragile-X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. This review discusses the roles of Pumilio, Staufen, IGF2BP, FMRP, Sam68, CPEB, NOVA, ELAVL, SMN, TDP43, FUS, TAF15, and TIA1/TIAR in RNA metabolism by analyzing their specific molecular and cellular function, the neurological symptoms associated with their perturbation, and their axodendritic transport/localization along with their target mRNAs as part of larger macromolecular complexes termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Ravanidis
- Basic Sciences Division I, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Fedon-Giasin Kattan
- Basic Sciences Division I, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Epaminondas Doxakis
- Basic Sciences Division I, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) plays essential roles in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. IGF2BP1 serves as a post-transcriptional fine-tuner regulating the expression of some essential mRNA targets required for the control of tumor cell proliferation and growth, invasion, and chemo-resistance, associating with a poor overall survival and metastasis in various types of human cancers. Therefore, IGF2BP1 has been traditionally regarded as an oncogene and potential therapeutic target for cancers. Nevertheless, a few studies have also demonstrated its tumor-suppressive role. However, the details about the contradictory functions of IGF2BP1 are unclear. The growing numbers of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as its direct regulators, during tumor cell proliferation, growth, and invasion in multiple cancers. Thus, the mechanisms of post-transcriptional modulation of gene expression mediated by IGF2BP1, miRNAs, and lncRNAs in determining the fate of the development of tissues and organs, as well as tumorigenesis, need to be elucidated. In this review, we summarized the tissue distribution, expression, and roles of IGF2BP1 in embryogenesis and tumorigenesis, and focused on modulation of the interconnectivity between IGF2BP1 and its targeted mRNAs or non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The potential use of inhibitors of IGF2BP1 and its related pathways in cancer therapy was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu City, 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zongxin Zhu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Haibo Cai
- Department of Oncology, Yunfeng Hospital, Xuanwei City, 655400, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming City, 650504, Yunnan Province, China.
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Degrauwe N, Suvà ML, Janiszewska M, Riggi N, Stamenkovic I. IMPs: an RNA-binding protein family that provides a link between stem cell maintenance in normal development and cancer. Genes Dev 2017; 30:2459-2474. [PMID: 27940961 PMCID: PMC5159662 DOI: 10.1101/gad.287540.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review by Degrauwe et al. summarizes our current understanding of the functions of IMPs during normal development and focuses on a series of recent observations that have provided new insight into how their physiological functions enable IMPs to play a potentially key role in cancer stem cell maintenance and tumor growth. IMPs, also known as insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding proteins (IGF2BPs), are highly conserved oncofetal RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate RNA processing at several levels, including localization, translation, and stability. Three mammalian IMP paralogs (IMP1–3) have been identified that are expressed in most organs during embryogenesis, where they are believed to play an important role in cell migration, metabolism, and stem cell renewal. Whereas some IMP2 expression is retained in several adult mouse organs, IMP1 and IMP3 are either absent or expressed at very low levels in most tissues after birth. However, all three paralogs can be re-expressed upon malignant transformation and are found in a broad range of cancer types where their expression often correlates with poor prognosis. IMPs appear to resume their physiological functions in malignant cells, which not only contribute to tumor progression but participate in the establishment and maintenance of tumor cell hierarchies. This review summarizes our current understanding of the functions of IMPs during normal development and focuses on a series of recent observations that have provided new insight into how their physiological functions enable IMPs to play a potentially key role in cancer stem cell maintenance and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Degrauwe
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois/University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Mario-Luca Suvà
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Michalina Janiszewska
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Nicolo Riggi
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois/University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Stamenkovic
- Experimental Pathology Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois/University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
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Lederer M, Bley N, Schleifer C, Hüttelmaier S. The role of the oncofetal IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 3 ( IGF2BP3) in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:3-12. [PMID: 25068994 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The post-transcriptional control of gene expression mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as miRNAs is essential to determine tumor cell fate and thus is a major determinant in cancerogenesis. The IGF2 mRNA binding protein family (IGF2BPs) comprises three RBPs. Two members of the family, IGF2BP1 and IGF2BP3, are bona fide oncofetal proteins, which are de novo synthesized in various human cancers. In vitro studies revealed that IGF2BPs serve as post-transcriptional fine-tuners modulating the expression of genes implicated in the control of tumor cell proliferation, survival, chemo-resistance and metastasis. Consistently, the expression of both IGF2BP family members was reported to correlate with an overall poor prognosis and metastasis in various human cancers. Due to the fact that most reports used a pan-IGF2BP antibody for studying IGF2BP expression in cancer, paralogue-specific functions can barely be evaluated at present. Nonetheless, the accordance of IGF2BPs' role in promoting an aggressive phenotype of tumor-derived cells in vitro and their upregulated expression in aggressive malignancies provides strong evidence that IGF2BPs are powerful post-transcriptional oncogenes enhancing tumor growth, drug-resistance and metastasis. This suggests IGF2BPs as powerful biomarkers and candidate targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Lederer
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany; Core Facility Imaging (CFI) of the Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Schleifer
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany; Core Facility Imaging (CFI) of the Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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He Y, Meng XM, Huang C, Wu BM, Zhang L, Lv XW, Li J. Long noncoding RNAs: Novel insights into hepatocelluar carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:20-27. [PMID: 24183851 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in non-protein coding part of human genome analysis have discovered extensive transcription of large RNA transcripts that lack of coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is becoming evident that lncRNAs may be an important class of pervasive genes involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in diverse diseases are not yet fully understood. Thus, it is anticipated that more efforts should be made to clarify the lncRNAs world. Moreover, accumulating studies have demonstrated that a class of lncRNAs are dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and closely related with tumorigenesis, metastasis, prognosis or diagnosis. In this review, we will briefly discuss the regulation and functional role of lncRNAs in HCC, therefore evaluating the potential of lncRNAs as prospective novel therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University (ILD-AMU), Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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