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Brown KM, Xu M, Sargen M, Jang H, Zhang M, Zhang T, Zhu B, Jones K, Kim J, Mendoza L, Hayward NK, Tucker MA, Goldstein AM, Yang XR, Stewart DR, Hicks B, Consonni D, Pesatori AC, Fargnoli MC, Peris K, Stratigos A, Menin C, Ghiorzo P, Puig S, Nagore E, Andresson T, Nussinov R, Calista D, Landi MT; MelaNostrum Consortium. Novel MAPK/AKT-impairing germline NRAS variant identified in a melanoma-prone family. Fam Cancer 2021. [PMID: 34215961 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-021-00267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While several high-penetrance melanoma risk genes are known, variation in these genes fail to explain melanoma susceptibility in a large proportion of high-risk families. As part of a melanoma family sequencing study, including 435 families from Mediterranean populations we identified a novel NRAS variant (c.170A > C, p.D57A) in an Italian melanoma-prone family. This variant is absent in exomes in gnomAD, ESP, UKBiobank, and the 1000 Genomes Project, as well as in 11,273 Mediterranean individuals and 109 melanoma-prone families from the US and Australia. This variant occurs in the GTP-binding pocket of NRAS. Differently from other RAS activating alterations, NRAS D57A expression is unable to activate MAPK-pathway both constitutively and after stimulation but enhances EGF-induced PI3K-pathway signaling in serum starved conditions in vitro. Consistent with in vitro data demonstrating that NRAS D57A does not enrich GTP binding, molecular modeling suggests that the D57A substitution would be expected to impair Mg2 + binding and decrease nucleotide-binding and GTPase activity of NRAS. While we cannot firmly establish NRAS c.170A > C (p.D57A) as a melanoma susceptibility variant, further investigation of NRAS as a familial melanoma gene is warranted.
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El-Safoury DM, Ibrahim AB, El-Setouhy DA, Khowessah OM, Motaleb MA, Sakr TM. Amelioration of Tumor Targeting and In Vivo Biodistribution of 99mTc-Methotrexate-Gold Nanoparticles ( 99mTc-Mex-AuNPs). J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2955-65. [PMID: 33812886 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) represent very attractive and promising drug delivery carriers due to their unique dimensions, adjustable surface functions, and controllable drug release. Therefore, AuNPs are used to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapy, for example methotrexate (Mex), one of the first-generation chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment, whose usefulness has been restricted due to drug resistance and dose-dependent side effects. In the present study, the AuNPs drug delivery system was synthesized and loaded with technetium-99 m radiolabeled Methotrexate (99mTc-Mex) to produce new potential nanoradiopharmaceutical for tumor targeting and further imaging. The Methotrexate loaded gold nanoparticles (Mex-AuNPs) successfully prepared in small spherical particle size (20.3 nm), polydispersity index PDI (< 0.5) and a zeta potential (-17.6 mV) with loading efficiency% (93 ± 1.2%) of methotrexate at 30 min as an optimum stirring time and showed strong absorption peak for Mex-AuNPs at λmax, 525 nm. The in vitro release profile of Mex-AuNPs showed high release percent of methotrexate at pH 5; the Q0.5 h and Q8h were 21.2 ± 1.5% and 92.9 ± 3.4%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity was investigated at different concentrations (0.024-50 μl/100 μl) of Mex-AuNPs (1 mg/ml) against MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) breast cancer cells by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay technique. Mex-AuNPs showed higher anticancer activity with low inhibitory concentration (IC50 = 0.098 μl/100 μl) that was three times lower than the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of methotrexate (IC50 = 0.3 μl/100 μl). 99mTc-Mex complex prepared by direct reduction method at maximum radiochemical yield (RCY)% ̴ 98.3 ± 1.09 % was loaded in AuNPs to form 99mTc-Mex-AuNPs with loading efficiency% (93 ± 1.2 %) at 30 min of stirring time. 99mTc-Mex-AuNPs showed convenient in vitro stability in mice serum up to 24 h with RCY% > 90 %. The preclinical biodistribution studies of 99mTc-Mex-AuNPs were performed in 3 experimental groups A (intravenous (I.V.) injected normal mice), B and C (I.V. and intratumor (I.T.) injected tumor bearing mice, respectively). The 99mTc-Mex-AuNPs achieved highest tumor uptake (93 ± 0.39 %ID/g) and highest Target/NonTarget (T/NT) ratio (58.1 ± 0.91) with high Tumor/Blood (T/B) ratio (25.8 ± 0.11) at 10 min post I.T. injection and retained high tumor uptake (79 ± 0.65 %ID/g) up to 60 min post I.T. injection before escaping into blood stream. Consequently, 99mTc-Mex-AuNPs can be considered as new potential nanoradiopharmaceutical in tumor diagnosis.
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Hamdi M, Nasri R, Azaza YB, Li S, Nasri M. Conception of novel blue crab chitosan films crosslinked with different saccharides via the Maillard reaction with improved functional and biological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116303. [PMID: 32507187 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to modify blue crab chitosan-based films through the Maillard reaction (MR) as a novel alternative to improve their functional and biological properties. To this end, different saccharides (glucose (aldohexose), fructose (ketohexose), xylose (aldopentose) and arabinose (aldopentose)), at different weight ratios 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 % (g/100 g polymer), were studied, and films were heated at 90 °C for 24 h. Based on color changes and browning index measurements, the extent of MR was the highest with aldopentoses, whereas hexoses and particularly ketohexoses, exhibited a relative crosslinking rate. These findings were further reflected with an improvement in treated films mechanical properties and thermal degradation temperatures, and advantageously, barrier properties against UV light and water. In addition, the MR-modified Cs-based films antioxidant activity was interestingly enhanced with mainly aldopentoses. Consequently, MR crosslinked chitosan-based films are promising alternative for active and functional packaging able of food oxidation hindering, especially using aldopentoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hamdi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Rim Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Youssra Ben Azaza
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Suming Li
- European Institute of Films, UMR CNRS 5635, University of Montpellier, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, University of Sfax, National Engineering School of Sfax, B.P. 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
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Morán P, Pérez S, Odeón A, Verna A. Comparative analysis of replicative properties of phylogenetically divergent, Argentinean BoHV-4 strains in cell lines from different origins. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:97-103. [PMID: 30961825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV4) is a member of the family Herpesviridae. In Argentina, BoHV4 was isolated and characterized in 2007 from samples of aborted cows. Argentinean isolates are highly divergent and are classified as: Genotype 1(Movar-like), Genotype 2 (DN599-like) and Genotype 3 (a novel group). The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the biological characteristics of six Argentinean BoHV4 field isolates in cell lines from different origins. All strains induced productive infection in the cell lines used, with different degrees of permissiveness. A direct relationship among the times of appearance of cytopathic effect, the growth kinetics, the size of the lysis plaques and the virulent-like behaviour in vitro could not be established. However, although slight, there are differences in the biological behaviour of the BoHV4 fields isolates analyzed. This variability is independent of their genetic classification but would be conditioned by the nature of the infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Morán
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA). Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA). Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Odeón
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Ruta 226, Km 73.5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verna
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Ruta 226, Km 73.5, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Dragojević J, Mihaljević I, Popović M, Zaja R, Smital T. In vitro characterization of zebrafish (Danio rerio) organic anion transporters Oat2a-e. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 46:246-256. [PMID: 29030288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OATS/Oats are transmembrane proteins that transport a variety of drugs, environmental toxins and endogenous metabolites into the cell. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has seven OAT orthologs: Oat1, Oat2a-e and Oat3. In this study we specifically address Oat2 (Slc22a7) family. Conserved synteny analysis showed localization of zebrafish oat2 genes on two chromosomes, 11 and 17. All five zebrafish Oats were localized by live cell imaging in membranes of transiently transfected HEK293-T cells, and Oat2a, b, d, and e were confirmed using western blot analysis. Functional studies using the HEK293T cells overexpressing zebrafish Oats revealed two model fluorescent substrates of three Oats: Lucifer yellow for Oat2a and Oat2d (Km 122, and 49.7μM), and 6-carboxyfluorescein for Oat2b and Oat2d (Km 199.7, and 266.9μM). The initial screening of a series of diverse endo- and xenobiotics showed interaction with a number of compounds, including cGMP and diclofenac (IC50 27.74, and 19.14μM) with Oat2a; estrone-3-sulfate and diclofenac (IC50 30.96, and 12.6μM) with Oat2b; and fumarate and indomethacin (IC50 68.24, and 20.41μM) with Oat2d. This study provides the first comprehensive data set on Oat2 in zebrafish and offers an important basis for more detailed molecular and (eco)toxicological characterizations of these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dragojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Mihaljević
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marta Popović
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Roko Zaja
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Thontiravong A, Tunterak W, Oraveerakul K, Amonsin A. In vitro characterization of the novel H3N1 reassortant influenza viruses from quail. Vet Microbiol 2016; 199:74-78. [PMID: 28110788 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quail is considered as an intermediate host for generation of the novel reassortant influenza A viruses (IAVs). In this study, we evaluated the replication ability of the three novel H3N1 reassortant viruses recovered from pandemic H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) and duck H3N2 (dkH3N2) co-infected quail generated from our previous study in embryonated chicken eggs, mammalian (MDCK) and human lung derived (A549) cells. Our study demonstrated that all of the reassortant viruses replicated efficiently in avian and mammalian cells, albeit with slightly lower titers than the parental viruses. Of note, all of the reassortant viruses showed enhanced replication in human lung derived A549 cells compared to their parental viruses. Interestingly, among the reassortant viruses tested, a reassortant virus (P(NA,NS)-DK) containing NA and NS genes derived from pH1N1 and the other genes from dkH3N2 exhibited the highest replication ability in all in vitro models, indicating a high level of gene compatibility of this reassortant virus. Our results highlight the potential role of quail as intermediate hosts for the generation of the viable reassortant viruses with ability to replicate efficiently in avian, mammalian, and particularly human lung derived cells. These findings emphasize the need for the continuous IAV surveillance in quail to prevent the risk of the emergence of the novel viable reassortant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aunyaratana Thontiravong
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wikanda Tunterak
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanisak Oraveerakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Amonsin
- Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals (CUEIDAs), Center of Excellence, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Gomez J, Schmeckpeper J, Mirotsou M. Transcriptomic Analysis of Adult Renal Derived Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1416:495-507. [PMID: 27236692 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow or adult tissues are widely studied to evaluate their potential for tissue repair. Differences in tissue of origin, donor variation, or in vitro handling exist and it is still unclear how they affect cell function and regenerative potential. Large-scale gene expression analysis of these cells not only allows researchers to compare and contrast the differences between each MSC subset but also allows for the development of better analytical tools for their characterization and utilization. Here, we describe a protocol for transcriptomics analysis of MSC-like cells derived from adult kidneys.
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Spiller KL, Wrona EA, Romero-Torres S, Pallotta I, Graney PL, Witherel CE, Panicker LM, Feldman RA, Urbanska AM, Santambrogio L, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Freytes DO. Differential gene expression in human, murine, and cell line-derived macrophages upon polarization. Exp Cell Res 2015; 347:1-13. [PMID: 26500109 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which macrophages control the inflammatory response, wound healing, biomaterial-interactions, and tissue regeneration appear to be related to their activation/differentiation states. Studies of macrophage behavior in vitro can be useful for elucidating their mechanisms of action, but it is not clear to what extent the source of macrophages affects their apparent behavior, potentially affecting interpretation of results. Although comparative studies of macrophage behavior with respect to cell source have been conducted, there has been no direct comparison of the three most commonly used cell sources: murine bone marrow, human monocytes from peripheral blood (PB), and the human leukemic monocytic cell line THP-1, across multiple macrophage phenotypes. In this study, we used multivariate discriminant analysis to compare the in vitro expression of genes commonly chosen to assess macrophage phenotype across all three sources of macrophages, as well as those derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), that were polarized towards four distinct phenotypes using the same differentiation protocols: M(LPS,IFN) (aka M1), M(IL4,IL13) (aka M2a), M(IL10) (aka M2c), and M(-) (aka M0) used as control. Several differences in gene expression trends were found among the sources of macrophages, especially between murine bone marrow-derived and human blood-derived M(LPS,IFN) and M(IL4,IL13) macrophages with respect to commonly used phenotype markers like CCR7 and genes associated with angiogenesis and tissue regeneration like FGF2 and MMP9. We found that the genes with the most similar patterns of expression among all sources were CXCL-10 and CXCL-11 for M(LPS,IFN) and CCL17 and CCL22 for M(IL4,IL13). Human PB-derived macrophages and human iPSC-derived macrophages showed similar gene expression patterns among the groups and genes studied here, suggesting that iPSC-derived monocytes have the potential to be used as a reliable cell source of human macrophages for in vitro studies. These findings could help select appropriate markers when testing macrophage behavior in vitro and highlight those markers that may confuse interpretation of results from experiments employing macrophages from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Spiller
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily A Wrona
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Isabella Pallotta
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela L Graney
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Claire E Witherel
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Leelamma M Panicker
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ricardo A Feldman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Aleksandra M Urbanska
- Columbia University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Columbia University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald O Freytes
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States.
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