1
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Moreno-Vicente J, Halim TY. Role of innate lymphoid cells in cancer metastasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 163:106465. [PMID: 37666359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic spread of cancer accounts for most cancer-related deaths. Cancer seeding in secondary organs requires reprogramming of the local stromal and immune landscape, which ultimately supports tumour growth. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote this tumour-permissive environment remain largely unknown. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have recently been shown to modulate the immune response to cancer in multiple ways. Given their tissue-resident nature, ILCs are well placed to respond to local cues within the early or pre-metastatic niche, and to orchestrate the recruitment of additional immune cells that could either support or dampen metastatic growth. Here, we review the emerging body of evidence supporting a role for ILCs in the establishment and progression of metastasis, whilst discussing the pleiotropic effects that have been attributed to different ILC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timotheus Yf Halim
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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2
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Munari E, Quatrini L, Ciancaglini C, Eccher A, Bogina G, Moretta L, Mariotti FR. Immunotherapy targeting inhibitory checkpoints: The role of NK and other innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101660. [PMID: 36370672 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies that target specific ligand-receptor signaling pathways and act as immune checkpoint inhibitors have been designed to remove the brakes in T cells and restore strong and long-term antitumor-immunity. Of note, many of these inhibitory receptors are also expressed by Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs), suggesting that also blockade of inhibitory pathways in innate lymphocytes has a role in the response to the treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. ILCs comprise cytotoxic NK cells and "helper" subsets and are important cellular components in the tumor microenvironment. In addition to killing tumor cells, ILCs release inflammatory cytokines, thus contributing to shape adaptive cell activation in the context of immunotherapy. Therefore, ILCs play both a direct and indirect role in the response to checkpoint blockade. Understanding the impact of ILC-mediated response on the treatment outcome would contribute to enhance immunotherapy efficacy, as still numerous patients resist or relapse.
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3
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Bruchard M, Spits H. The role of ILC subsets in cancer. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101654. [PMID: 36306660 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are composed of five canonical subsets, NK cells, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3 and Lymphoid tissue inducer cells. ILCs have important functions in early stages of immune response towards infectious agents. ILCs are highly plastic enabling rapid modification of their functions dependent on the type of microbe and tissue environment to optimally counter these microbes. Data that still accumulate in a rapid pace indicate that these cells are also involved in immunity against tumor cells. Paradoxically ILC subsets have been shown to have tumor suppressing and tumor promoting activities. In this brief review we provide a snapshot of our current knowledge of characteristics and functions of tumor infiltrating ILC subsets and speculate on how these cells can be harnessed to mediate anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bruchard
- INSERM U1231, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Dijon, France, Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France, University of Burgundy and Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Hergen Spits
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, department of Experimental Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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4
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Tumino N, Fiore PF, Pelosi A, Moretta L, Vacca P. Myeloid derived suppressor cells in tumor microenvironment: Interaction with innate lymphoid cells. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101668. [PMID: 36370673 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a stage of immature myeloid cells and two main subsets can be identified: monocytic and polymorphonuclear. MDSC contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The presence and the activity of MDSC in patients with different tumors correlate with poor prognosis. As previously reported, MDSC promote tumor growth and use different mechanisms to suppress the immune cell-mediated anti-tumor activity. Immunosuppression mechanisms used by MDSC are broad and depend on their differentiation stage and on the pathological context. It is known that some effector cells of the immune system can play an important role in the control of tumor progression and metastatic spread. In particular, innate lymphoid cells (ILC) contribute to control tumor growth representing a potential, versatile and, immunotherapeutic tool. Despite promising results obtained by using new cellular immunotherapeutic approaches, a relevant proportion of patients do not benefit from these therapies. Novel strategies have been investigated to overcome the detrimental effect exerted by the immunosuppressive component of TME (i.e. MDSC). In this review, we summarized the characteristics and the interactions occurring between MDSC and ILC in different tumors discussing how a deeper knowledge on MDSC biology could represent an important target for tumor immunotherapy capable of decreasing immunosuppression and enhancing anti-tumor activity exerted by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tumino
- Innate lymphoid cells Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Pelosi
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Innate lymphoid cells Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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5
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Mortha A, Remark R, Del Valle DM, Chuang LS, Chai Z, Alves I, Azevedo C, Gaifem J, Martin J, Petralia F, Tuballes K, Barcessat V, Tai SL, Huang HH, Laface I, Jerez YA, Boschetti G, Villaverde N, Wang MD, Korie UM, Murray J, Choung RS, Sato T, Laird RM, Plevy S, Rahman A, Torres J, Porter C, Riddle MS, Kenigsberg E, Pinho SS, Cho JH, Merad M, Colombel JF, Gnjatic S. Neutralizing Anti-Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Autoantibodies Recognize Post-Translational Glycosylations on Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Years Before Diagnosis and Predict Complicated Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:659-670. [PMID: 35623454 PMCID: PMC10127946 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Anti-granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor autoantibodies (aGMAbs) are detected in patients with ileal Crohn's disease (CD). Their induction and mode of action during or before disease are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with aGMAb induction, from functional orientation to recognized epitopes, for their impact on intestinal immune homeostasis and use as a predictive biomarker for complicated CD. METHODS We characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay naturally occurring aGMAbs in longitudinal serum samples from patients archived before the diagnosis of CD (n = 220) as well as from 400 healthy individuals (matched controls) as part of the US Defense Medical Surveillance System. We used biochemical, cellular, and transcriptional analysis to uncover a mechanism that governs the impaired immune balance in CD mucosa after diagnosis. RESULTS Neutralizing aGMAbs were found to be specific for post-translational glycosylation on granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), detectable years before diagnosis, and associated with complicated CD at presentation. Glycosylation of GM-CSF was altered in patients with CD, and aGMAb affected myeloid homeostasis and promoted group 1 innate lymphoid cells. Perturbations in immune homeostasis preceded the diagnosis in the serum of patients with CD presenting with aGMAb and were detectable in the noninflamed CD mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Anti-GMAbs predict the diagnosis of complicated CD long before the diagnosis of disease, recognize uniquely glycosylated epitopes, and impair myeloid cell and innate lymphoid cell balance associated with altered intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Mortha
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Romain Remark
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zhi Chai
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Inês Alves
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Azevedo
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jerome Martin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CHU Nantes, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, Nantes, France
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kevin Tuballes
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Vanessa Barcessat
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ilaria Laface
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yeray Arteaga Jerez
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Hépato-Gastroentérologue, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicole Villaverde
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mona D Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ujunwa M Korie
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rok-Seon Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Renee M Laird
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Adeeb Rahman
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Human Immune Monitoring Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Joana Torres
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Gastroenterology Division, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Chad Porter
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Mark S Riddle
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Human Immune Monitoring Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Salomé S Pinho
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Judy H Cho
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Miriam Merad
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Human Immune Monitoring Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Human Immune Monitoring Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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6
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Yu X, Vargas J, Green PH, Bhagat G. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Celiac Disease: Current Perspective. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:803-814. [PMID: 33309944 PMCID: PMC7851184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Although the mechanisms underlying gliadin-mediated activation of adaptive immunity in CD have been well-characterized, regulation of innate immune responses and the functions of certain immune cell populations within the epithelium and lamina propria are not well-understood at present. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are types of innate immune cells that have lymphoid morphology, lack antigen-specific receptors, and play important roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and protective immune responses against pathogens. Information regarding the diversity and functions of ILCs in lymphoid organs and at mucosal sites has grown over the past decade, and roles of different ILC subsets in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory intestinal diseases have been proposed. However, our understanding of the contribution of ILCs toward the initiation and progression of CD is still limited. In this review, we discuss current pathophysiological aspects of ILCs within the gastrointestinal tract, findings of recent investigations characterizing ILC alterations in CD and refractory CD, and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yu
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin Vargas
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter H.R. Green
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Govind Bhagat, MD, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC 14-228, New York, New York 10032. fax: (212) 305-2301.
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7
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Wagner M, Koyasu S. A 3D Skin Melanoma Spheroid-Based Model to Assess Tumor-Immune Cell Interactions. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3839. [PMID: 33659488 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroids have the potential to bridge the gap between two-dimensional (2D) monolayer tumor cell cultures and solid tumors with which they share a significant degree of similarity. However, the progression of solid tumors is often influenced by the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between tumor and immune cells. Here we present a 3D tumor spheroid-based model that might shed new light on understanding the mechanisms of tumor and immune cell interactions. The model first utilizes the hanging drop assay, which serves as one of the simplest methods for generating 3D spheroids and requires no specialized equipment. Next, pre-established spheroids can be co-cultured either directly or indirectly with an immune cell population of interest. Using skin melanoma, we provide a detailed description of the model, which might hold a significant importance for the development of successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wagner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Verma R, Er JZ, Pu RW, Sheik Mohamed J, Soo RA, Muthiah HM, Tam JKC, Ding JL. Eomes Expression Defines Group 1 Innate Lymphoid Cells During Metastasis in Human and Mouse. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1190. [PMID: 32625207 PMCID: PMC7311635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have attempted to uncover the role of Group 1 Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in multiple physiological contexts, including cancer. However, the definition and precise contribution of Group 1 ILCs (constituting ILC1 and NK subsets) to metastasis is unclear due to the lack of well-defined cell markers. Here, we first identified ILC1 and NK cells in NSCLC patient blood and differentiated them based on the expression of transcription factors, T-bet and Eomes. Interestingly, Eomes downregulation in the peripheral blood NK cells of NSCLC patients positively correlated with disease progression. Additionally, we noted higher Eomes expression in NK cells (T-bet+Eomeshi) compared to ILC1s (T-bet+Eomeslo). We asked whether the decrease in Eomes was associated with the conversion of NK cells into ILC1 using Eomes as a reliable marker to differentiate ILC1s from NK cells. Utilizing a murine model of experimental metastasis, we observed an association between increase in metastasis and Eomes downregulation in NKp46+NK1.1+ Group 1 ILCs, which was consistent to that of human NSCLC samples. Further confirmation of this trend was achieved by flow cytometry, which identified tissue-specific Eomeslo ILC1-like and Eomeshi NK-like subsets in the murine metastatic lung based on cell surface markers and adoptive transfer experiments. Next, functional characterization of these cell subsets showed reduced cytotoxicity and IFNγ production in Eomeslo ILC1s compared to Eomeshi cells, suggesting that lower Eomes levels are associated with poor cancer immunosurveillance by Group 1 ILCs. These findings provide novel insights into the regulation of Group 1 ILC subsets during metastasis, through the use of Eomes as a reliable marker to differentiate between NK and ILC1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riva Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhi Er
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ren Wei Pu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jameelah Sheik Mohamed
- Division of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ross A Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harish Mithiran Muthiah
- Division of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Kit Chung Tam
- Division of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Dutton EE, Camelo A, Sleeman M, Herbst R, Carlesso G, Belz GT, Withers DR. Characterisation of innate lymphoid cell populations at different sites in mice with defective T cell immunity. Wellcome Open Res 2017. [PMID: 29588921 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13199.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have now been identified within most tissues of the body and current evidence indicates that this family of cells play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, few studies have compared the ILC populations between several tissues. Methods: We sought to generate a comprehensive characterisation of the ILC populations in different tissues of C57BL/6 WT and genetically modified mice targeting costimulatory pathways, using transcription factor expression to define specific groups. Results: Consistent with studies individually describing the ILC composition in different tissues, our analysis revealed different ILC groups dominate the ILC population in different tissues. Additionally, we observed a population of IL-7Rα +Id2 + cells lacking expression of lineage markers but also lacking expression of GATA-3, RORgt or T-bet. This population was most evident in ear skin where it outnumbered the defined ILC groups, however, further experiments demonstrated that detection of these cells was influenced by how the tissue was digested, raising concerns as to its real nature. Since both ILC2 and ILC3 express ICOS, we then investigated the requirement for ICOS:ICOSL interactions in the homeostasis of ILC populations at these sites. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the number of ILC1, ILC2 or ILC3 between WT and ICOSL -/- mice in any tissue, indicating that this pathway is not required for ILC homeostasis at these sites. These data were compared with CD80 -/-CD86 -/- mice given evidence of CD28 expression by some ILC and ILC crosstalk with activated T cells. Notably, the absence of CD28 ligands resulted in a significant increase in ILC2 and ILC3 numbers in the intestine. Conclusions: Together, these data provide new insight into ILC composition in different tissues in both WT and genetically modified mice where key costimulatory pathways are genetically deleted, providing a useful resource for further research into ILC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Dutton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ana Camelo
- MedImmune, Aaron Klug building, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Sleeman
- MedImmune, Aaron Klug building, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK.,Immunology & Inflammation Group, Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Cancer Biology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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10
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Dutton EE, Camelo A, Sleeman M, Herbst R, Carlesso G, Belz GT, Withers DR. Characterisation of innate lymphoid cell populations at different sites in mice with defective T cell immunity. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:117. [PMID: 29588921 PMCID: PMC5854988 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13199.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have now been identified within most tissues of the body and current evidence indicates that this family of cells play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, few studies have compared the ILC populations between several tissues. Methods: We sought to generate a comprehensive characterisation of the ILC populations in different tissues of C57BL/6 WT and genetically modified mice targeting costimulatory pathways, using transcription factor expression to define specific groups. Results: Consistent with studies individually describing the ILC composition in different tissues, our analysis revealed different ILC groups dominate the ILC population in different tissues. Additionally, we observed a population of IL-7Rα
+Id2
+ cells lacking expression of lineage markers but also lacking expression of GATA-3, RORgt or T-bet. This population was most evident in ear skin where it outnumbered the defined ILC groups, however, further experiments demonstrated that detection of these cells was influenced by how the tissue was digested, raising concerns as to its real nature. Since both ILC2 and ILC3 express ICOS, we then investigated the requirement for ICOS:ICOSL interactions in the homeostasis of ILC populations at these sites. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the number of ILC1, ILC2 or ILC3 between WT and ICOSL
-/- mice in any tissue, indicating that this pathway is not required for ILC homeostasis at these sites. These data were compared with CD80
-/-CD86
-/- mice given evidence of CD28 expression by some ILC and ILC crosstalk with activated T cells. Notably, the absence of CD28 ligands resulted in a significant increase in ILC2 and ILC3 numbers in the intestine. Conclusions: Together, these data provide new insight into ILC composition in different tissues in both WT and genetically modified mice where key costimulatory pathways are genetically deleted, providing a useful resource for further research into ILC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Dutton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ana Camelo
- MedImmune, Aaron Klug building, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Sleeman
- MedImmune, Aaron Klug building, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK.,Immunology & Inflammation Group, Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Cancer Biology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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11
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Abstract
The microbiota is an important factor in the development of the immune response. The interaction between the gastrointestinal tract and resident microbiota is well balanced in healthy individuals, but its breakdown can lead to intestinal and extraintestinal disease. We review current knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the interaction between the immune system and the microbiota, focusing on the role of resident intestinal bacteria in the development of immune responses. We also discuss mechanisms that prevent immune responses against resident bacteria, and how the indigenous bacteria stimulate the immune system to protect against commensal pathobionts and exogenous pathogens. Unraveling the complex interactions between resident intestinal bacteria and the immune system could improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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