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Gunassekaran GR, Poongkavithai Vadevoo SM, Baek MC, Lee B. M1 macrophage exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target the IL-4 receptor inhibit tumor growth by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into M1-like macrophages. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121137. [PMID: 34560422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
M2-polarized, pro-tumoral tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express the interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R) at higher levels compared with M1-polarized, anti-tumoral macrophages. In this study, we harnessed M1 macrophage-derived exosomes engineered to foster M1 polarization and target IL4R for the inhibition of tumor growth by reprogramming TAMs into M1-like macrophages. M1 exosomes were transfected with NF-κB p50 siRNA and miR-511-3p to enhance M1 polarization and were surface-modified with IL4RPep-1, an IL4R-binding peptide, to target the IL4 receptor of TAMs (named IL4R-Exo(si/mi). IL4R-Exo(si/mi) were internalized and downregulated target gens in M2 macrophages and decreased M2 markers, while increasing M1 markers, more efficiently compared with untargeted and control peptide-labeled exosomes and exosomes from non-immune, normal cells. Whole-body fluorescence imaging showed that IL4R-Exo(si/mi) homed to tumors at higher levels compared with the liver, unlike untargeted and control peptide-labeled exosomes. Systemic administration of IL4R-Exo(si/mi) inhibited tumor growth, downregulated target genes, and decreased the levels of M2 cytokines and immune-suppressive cells, while increasing the levels of M1 cytokines and immune-stimulatory cells, more efficiently than untargeted and control peptide-labeled exosomes. These results suggest that IL4R-Exo(si/mi) inhibits tumor growth by reprogramming TAMs into M1-like macrophages and increasing anti-tumor immunity, thus representing a novel cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Rangaswamy Gunassekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea.
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Wang J, Chen T, Tang W, Kang M, Chen S. Associations of interleukin-4 and interleukin-4 receptor loci with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107659. [PMID: 33895482 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some functional polymorphisms in immune-regulating genes could affect the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We enrolled 721 patients with ESCC and 1,208 healthy controls to explore the roles of rs2227282 (C > G) and rs2243283 (C > G) loci in the interleukin-4 (IL4) gene and rs1801275 loci in the interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R) gene for the occurrence of ESCC. As for IL4, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2227282 (C > G) conferred an overall decreased risk for ESCC (adjusted P = 0.005, power = 0.816 in GG vs. CC genetic models). A stratification analysis of IL4 rs2227282 (C > G) and rs2243283 (C > G) and IL4R rs1801275 (A > G) loci with the ESCC risk revealed that the IL4 rs2243283 (C > G) polymorphism was a protective factor for the susceptibility to ESCC in some subgroups (women: power = 0.932 in CG vs. CC and 0.956 in CG/GG vs. CC; subjects aged ≥63 years: power = 0.844 in CG/GG vs. CC; never-smokers: power = 0.893 in CG vs. CC and 0.882 in CG/GG vs. CC; never-drinkers: power = 0.904 in CG vs. CC and 0.862 in CG/GG vs. CC). We also investigated the association of IL4 rs2227282 and rs2243283 and IL4R rs1801275 loci with the lymph node status. However, a null relationship was found. In conclusion, the present study highlighted that IL4 rs2227282 (C > G) and rs2243283 (C > G) loci are protective factors for the occurrence of ESCC.
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Amano Y, Akazawa Y, Yasuda J, Yoshino K, Kojima K, Kobayashi N, Matsuzaki S, Nagasaki M, Kawai Y, Minegishi N, Ishida N, Motoki N, Hachiya A, Nakazawa Y, Yamamoto M, Koike K, Takeshita T. A low-frequency IL4R locus variant in Japanese patients with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy-unresponsive Kawasaki disease. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:34. [PMID: 31269967 PMCID: PMC6610867 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis which may be associated with coronary artery aneurysms. A notable risk factor for the development of coronary artery aneurysms is resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, which comprises standard treatment for the acute phase of KD. The cause of IVIG resistance in KD is largely unknown; however, the contribution of genetic factors, especially variants in immune-related genes, has been suspected. METHODS To explore genetic variants related to IVIG-unresponsiveness, we designated KD patients who did not respond to both first and second courses of IVIG therapy as IVIG-unresponsive patients. Using genomic DNA from 30 IVIG-unresponsive KD patients, we performed pooled genome sequencing targeting 39 immune-related cytokine receptor genes. RESULTS The single nucleotide variant (SNV), rs563535954 (located in the IL4R locus), was concentrated in IVIG-unresponsive KD patients. Individual genotyping showed that the minor allele of rs563535954 was present in 4/33 patients with IVIG-unresponsive KD, compared with 20/1063 individuals in the Japanese genome variation database (odds ratio = 7.19, 95% confidence interval 2.43-21.47). Furthermore, the minor allele of rs563535954 was absent in 42 KD patients who responded to IVIG treatment (P = 0.0337), indicating that a low-frequency variant, rs563535954, is associated with IVIG-unresponsiveness in KD patients. Although rs563535954 is located in the 3'-untranslated region of IL4R, there was no alternation in IL4R expression associated with the mior allele of rs563535954. However, IVIG-unresponsive patients that exhibited the minor allele of rs563535954 tended to be classified into the low-risk group (based on previously reported risk scores) for prediction of IVIG-resistance. Therefore, IVIG-unresponsiveness associated with the minor allele of rs563535954 might differ from IVIG-unresponsiveness associated with previous risk factors used to evaluate IVIG-unresponsiveness in KD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the SNV rs563535954 could serve as a predictive indicator of IVIG-unresponsiveness, thereby improving the sensitivity of risk scoring systems, and may aid in prevention of coronary artery lesions in KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Amano
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Yohei Akazawa
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yoshino
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kojima
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Norimoto Kobayashi
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Information Science, Tohoku University, 6-3-09, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Naoko Minegishi
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Noriko Ishida
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Noriko Motoki
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Akira Hachiya
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- 0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,0000 0001 2248 6943grid.69566.3aGraduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- 0000 0001 1507 4692grid.263518.bDepartment of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 Japan ,Shinonoi General Hospital, Minami Nagano Center, 666-1 Shinonoi, Nagano City, Nagano 388-8004 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takeshita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
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Gunassekaran GR, Hong CM, Vadevoo SMP, Chi L, Guruprasath P, Ahn BC, Kim HJ, Kang TH, Lee B. Non-genetic engineering of cytotoxic T cells to target IL-4 receptor enhances tumor homing and therapeutic efficacy against melanoma. Biomaterials 2018; 159:161-173. [PMID: 29329051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has been used as an immunotherapy in melanoma. However, the tumor homing and therapeutic efficacy of transferred CTLs against melanoma remain unsatisfactory. Interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4R) is commonly up-regulated in tumors including melanoma. Here, we studied whether IL-4R-targeted CTLs exhibit enhanced tumor homing and therapeutic efficacy against melanoma. CTLs isolated from mice bearing melanomas were non-genetically engineered with IL4RPep-1, an IL-4R-binding peptide, using a membrane anchor composed of dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine. Compared to control CTLs, IL-4R-targeted CTLs showed higher binding to melanoma cells and in vivo tumor homing. They also exerted a more rapid and robust effector response, including increased cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity against melanoma cells and enhanced reprogramming of M2-type macrophages to M1-type macrophages. Moreover, IL-4R-targeted CTLs efficiently inhibited melanoma growth and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These results suggest that non-genetically engineered CTLs targeting IL-4R have potential as an adoptive T cell therapy against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Rangaswamy Gunassekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, CMRI, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sri Murugan Poongkavithai Vadevoo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, CMRI, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianhua Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, CMRI, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Padmanaban Guruprasath
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, CMRI, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Heung Kang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, CMRI, School Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Worch R, Petrášek Z, Schwille P, Weidemann T. Diffusion of Single-Pass Transmembrane Receptors: From the Plasma Membrane into Giant Liposomes. J Membr Biol 2017; 250:393-406. [PMID: 27826635 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To quantitatively examine the effect of membrane organization on lateral diffusion, we studied fluorescent carbocyanine lipid analogues and EGFP-tagged, single-pass transmembrane proteins in systems of decreasing complexity: (i) the plasma membrane (PM) of living cells, (ii) paraformaldehyde/dithiothreitol-induced giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), and (iii) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) under physiological buffer conditions. A truncated, signaling-deficient interleukin-4 receptor subunit, showing efficient accumulation in the plasma membrane, served as a model transmembrane protein. Two-dimensional diffusion coefficients (D) were determined by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) either at fixed positions (single-point, spFCS) or while scanning a circular orbit (circular scanning, csFCS). Consistent with a different inclusion sizes in the membrane, lipids diffuse slightly faster than the single-spanning membrane proteins in both membrane systems, GUVs and GPMVs. In GPMVs lipids and proteins consistently experienced a fivefold larger viscosity than in GUVs, reflecting the significant fraction of plasma membrane-derived proteins partitioning into GPMVs. Lipid and protein diffusion in the PM was, respectively, 2 times and 4–5 times slower in comparison to GPMVs. This discrepancy was quantitatively confirmed by csFCS. The similarity of diffusion of receptors and lipids in GPMVs and GUVs and its significant difference in the plasma membrane suggest that protein domains as small as EGFP convey sensitivity to the actin cortex on various length scales.
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Kim YH, Ninomiya Y, Yamashita S, Kumazoe M, Huang Y, Nakahara K, Won YS, Murata M, Fujimura Y, Yamada K, Tachibana H. IL-4 receptor α in non-lipid rafts is the target molecule of strictinin in inhibiting STAT6 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:824-30. [PMID: 24960198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Strictinin has been shown to suppress interleukin (IL)-4-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 phosphorylation, which is a critical event for IgE class switching. However, it is unclear how strictinin inhibits STAT6 activation. Strictinin inhibited STAT6 phosphorylation by suppressing IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) activation. Strictinin was bound to the cell surface and only localized in non-lipid raft fraction of the cells where IL-4Rα was also located. In addition, strictinin directly bound to IL-4Rα and inhibited binding of IL-4 to IL-4Rα. These results suggest that IL-4Rα locating in non-lipid raft region is a target molecule for strictinin in inhibiting STAT6 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yu Ninomiya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuhui Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kanami Nakahara
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yeong Seon Won
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Motoki Murata
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Food Functional Design Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Cai J, Liu AW, Zhao XL, Zhang SH. Apigenin inhibits cell growth and alters expression of multiple genes in human hepatoma cell line Huh-7. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:542-549. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i6.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of apigenin on cell growth and gene expression in human hepatoma cell line Huh-7.
METHODS: After Huh-7 cells was cultured and treated with different concentrations of apigenin, cell proliferation was measured by colorimetric methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay; cell clonogenicity was detected by colony-forming assay; and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. The impact of apigenin on the tumorigenicity of Huh-7 cells in nude mice was also detected. The differential gene expression between cells treated and untreated with apigenin was detected by cDNA microarray and verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.
RESULTS: Compared with untreated cells, cells treated with apigenin exhibited a marked growth inhibition. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of apigenin on cell growth was approximately 10.5 mg/L ± 0.3 mg/L. Apigenin treatment could cause a cell cycle block at G2/M phase, decrease the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase, promote apoptosis, and inhibit the tumorigenicity of Huh-7 cells in vivo. Apigenin treatment could also dramatically alter the expression of 1 764 functionally related genes in Huh-7 cells. Of these differentially expressed genes, the majority are involved in nucleic acid binding and transport, enzyme catalytic activity regulation, transcriptional regulation, cytoskeletal structure and/or adhesion, signal transduction, metabolism, apoptosis or the immune response. Of note, apigenin could significantly downregulate the expression of interleukin-4 receptor and ubiquitin-specific protease 18.
CONCLUSION: Apigenin partially inhibits Huh-7 cell growth in vitro and in vivo by blocking cell cycle at G2/M phase and promoting apoptosis. Apigenin treatment alters the expression of multiple genes in Huh-7 cells.
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Oh KS, Kim KU, Park NH, Seo SY, Choi SS, Huh GY. Expression of Cell Surface Receptors on Human Glioblastoma Xenograft Model in NOD/SCID Mouse. Cancer Res Treat 2002; 34:52-7. [PMID: 26680843 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2002.34.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To obtain basic data for development of a glioblastoma-specific immunotoxin, the expression of variable cell surface receptors on a human glioblastoma xenograft model was evaluated, using NOD/SCID mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a xenograft model in NOD/SCID mice implanted with a human glioblastoma cell line (U-87MG). Immunohistochemical studies were performed on implanted tumor nodules (n=8) using antibodies against CD71, EGFR, IGF-IRalpha, CXCR4 and IL-4Ralpha. RESULTS Expression of IL-4Ralpha, in implanted tumornodules, was the highest of the cell surface receptors evaluated in this study. However, the endothelial cells in, and around, the tumor nodules also revealed immunopositivity against IL-4Ralpha. The immunoreactivity of IL-4Ralpha, and other surface receptors such as CD71, IGF-IRalpha and EGFR, was prominent in tumor nodules associated with tumor necrosis. CONCLUSION IL-4Ralpha would be a possible target for the development of glioblastoma-specific immunotoxin, although there are limitations due to its endothelial expression.
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