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Koto Y, Yamashita W, Sakai N. Impact on physical, social, and family functioning of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy and their family members in Japan: A qualitative study. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 38:101059. [PMID: 38469094 PMCID: PMC10926226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive disease. There are three forms of this disease, all of which result in cognitive and motor dysfunctions. Although enzyme replacement and gene therapies have been developed, they are not expected to be effective in patients with advanced diseases. Therefore, it is important to focus on treatment effects and patients' quality of life; however, qualitative findings on the experiences of patients and their families have not been adequately reported. Interviews were conducted with the family members of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy in Japan. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. We interviewed the mothers of five patients. Verbatim interview transcripts were classified into 81 codes. The codes were then aggregated into 15 categories and 3 themes: challenges of life for the patients, challenges in the healthcare system, and challenges of family function. Disease progression greatly affects patients' lives. Moreover, social systems supporting patients and their families are inadequate, especially as the disease progresses. Family members face life restrictions and role changes because of the patient's diagnosis. Patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy and their families require comprehensive support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koto
- Faculty of Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wakana Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Child Healthcare and Genetic Science Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Fossey E, Bonnamy J, Dart J, Petrakis M, Buus N, Soh SE, Diug B, Ayton D, Brand G. What does consumer and community involvement in health-related education look like? A mixed methods study. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2023:10.1007/s10459-023-10301-3. [PMID: 38032400 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-023-10301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Consumer and community involvement (also referred to as patient and public involvement) in health-related curricula involves actively partnering with people with lived experience of health and social care systems. While health professions education has a long history of interaction with patients or consumers, a shift in the way consumer and community engage in health-related education has created novel opportunities for mutual relationships valuing lived experience expertise and shifting traditional education power relations. Drawing on a mixed methods design, we explored consumer and community involvement practices in the design and delivery of health-related education using the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour framework (COM-B). In our results, we describe educator capabilities, opportunities and motivations, including identifying barriers and enablers to consumer and community involvement in health-related education. Educators have varying philosophical reasons and approaches for involving consumers and community. There is a focus on augmenting student learning through inclusion of lived and living experience, and on mutual transformative learning through embedding lived experience and co-creating learning. How these philosophical positionings and motivations shape the degree by which educators involve consumers and community members in health-related curricula is important for further understanding these educational partnerships within universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Fossey
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - James Bonnamy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janeane Dart
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Petrakis
- Department of Social Work, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Caulfield, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niels Buus
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sze-Ee Soh
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Basia Diug
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dashini Ayton
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Brand
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Koto Y, Narita A, Noto S, Ono M, Hamada AL, Sakai N. Qualitative analysis of patient interviews on the burden of neuronopathic Gaucher disease in Japan. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:280. [PMID: 35854314 PMCID: PMC9295096 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that adversely affects life expectancy and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although HRQOL questionnaires are available for type 1 GD, they are not suitable for patients with the neuronopathic types 2 and 3 GD who have neurological symptoms that develop during early childhood or adolescence. Here we report the development of a language-validated HRQOL questionnaire specifically for patients with neuronopathic types 2 and 3 GD in Japan, which is the first step toward HRQOL questionnaire provision for all types of GD in the future. METHODS In February and March 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted by the authors (supported by qualified interviewers) with patients and/or their caregivers (for patients < 16 years old) who were recruited from a Japanese patient association, the Association of Gaucher Disease Patients in Japan. Qualitative analysis of interview transcripts was used to identify major themes and key topics within those themes. Hierarchical cluster analysis and co-occurrence network analysis were performed to map relationships between commonly occurring words. The study is registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ( https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm [UMIN000042872]). RESULTS Three main themes emerged from qualitative analysis: treatment status, patient burden, and social support systems. Key topics within each theme included hearing impairment, visual impairment, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, involuntary movement of extremities, epileptic seizures, and body aches (treatment status); anxiety about symptoms, difficulty with exercise and work, anxiety about continuing treatment, anxiety about going out, and tiredness from hospital visit or treatment (patient burden); and dissatisfaction about government service, lack of social support, and information exchange in the patient association (social support systems). Commonly used words and the relationships between words identified through the hierarchical cluster and co-occurrence network analyses supported these themes and topics. CONCLUSIONS The themes and topics identified in this analysis were specific to patients with types 2 and 3 GD and will be used to inform the development of a HRQOL questionnaire specifically for patients with all GD types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koto
- Child Healthcare and Genetic Science Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Aya Narita
- Division of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8504, Japan
| | - Shinichi Noto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Midori Ono
- Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 1-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho 2-chome Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8668, Japan
| | - Anna Lissa Hamada
- Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 1-1 Nihonbashi-Honcho 2-chome Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8668, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Child Healthcare and Genetic Science Laboratory, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Baril JA, Bobel MC, Brunsvold ME. An Early Interview Day with Feedback to Prepare General Surgery Applicants for Residency Interviews. J Surg Res 2021; 266:383-386. [PMID: 34087622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Success in the residency interview is important in obtaining a position in general surgery residency. Preparing applicants for interviews is imperative yet can be resource intensive. The primary objective of our study was to investigate whether an early interview day with feedback (IDWF) provides interview preparation to internal applicants to general surgery residency without negatively impacting their rank list position at our program. METHODS Internal applicants to the general surgery residency program at a single academic institution were invited to an early interview day after which they received individualized feedback and attended a workshop on interview techniques. Applicants were anonymously surveyed after The Match to measure their experiences with the IDWF. Two years of post-intervention program rank lists were compared to those from the five years pre-intervention to assess for change in rank list position of internal applicants. Participants included the 16 of 20 internal applicants who completed the survey. De-identified rank order data of internal applicants between 2014 and 2020 included 48 applicants. RESULTS All applicants believed the IDWF should be continued, and over half reported improved confidence and made changes from feedback. Rank list analysis demonstrated no statistically significant change in the proportion of internal applicants who ranked in the top 40 nor the average rank position of internal applicants. CONCLUSIONS An early interview day with feedback provides interview preparation in a resource-efficient manner without harming rank list position. The IDWF may be generalizable to other institutions to provide interview preparation to general surgery residency applicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Baril
- University of Minnesota, Department of Surgery, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 195, Minneapolis, Minneapolis,55455
| | - Matthew C Bobel
- University of Minnesota, Department of Surgery, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 195, Minneapolis, Minneapolis,55455.
| | - Melissa E Brunsvold
- University of Minnesota, Department of Surgery, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 195, Minneapolis, Minneapolis,55455
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Patel TY, Bedi HS, Deitte LA, Lewis PJ, Marx MV, Jordan SG. Brave New World: Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Virtual Interview Season. Acad Radiol 2020; 27:1456-1460. [PMID: 32948443 PMCID: PMC7362778 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the transition of the traditional residency interview to a virtual format. This new interview format creates additional challenges and opportunities for both programs and applicants. The specific challenges of the virtual interview format are described, as well as means to mitigate those challenges. In addition, opportunities to improve residency selection from the program end are described.
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Jerant A, Duberstein P, Cipri C, Bullard B, Stone D, Paterniti D. Stakeholder views regarding a planned primary care office-based interactive multimedia suicide prevention tool. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:332-339. [PMID: 30220599 PMCID: PMC6886248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nearly half of all men who die by suicide visit a primary care clinician (PCC) in the month before death, yet few disclose suicide thoughts. We solicited stakeholders' views to guide development of a tailored multimedia program to activate middle-aged men experiencing suicide thoughts to engage with PCCs. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 44 adults self-identifying as: suicide attempt survivor; family member/loved one of person(s) who attempted or died by suicide; PCC; non-PCC office staff; health administrator; and/or prevention advocate. We coded recorded interview transcripts and identified relevant themes using grounded theory. RESULTS Two thematic groupings emerged, informing program design: structure and delivery (including belief the program could be effective and desire for use of plain language and media over text); and informational and motivational content (including concerns about PCC preparedness; fear that disclosing suicide thoughts would necessitate hospitalization; and influence of male identity and masculinity, respectively, in care-seeking for and interpreting suicide thoughts). CONCLUSION Stakeholder input informed the design of a primary care tailored multimedia suicide prevention tool. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In revealing a previously unreported barrier to disclosing suicide thoughts to PCCs (fear of hospitalization), and underscoring known barriers, the findings may suggest additional suicide prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jerant
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2300, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Paul Duberstein
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Camille Cipri
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, 2103 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bethany Bullard
- Department of Sociology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Ave, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - Deborah Stone
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debora Paterniti
- Department of Sociology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Ave, Rohnert Park, California, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 4150 V St, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Kim KJ, Nam KS, Kwon BS. The utility of multiple mini-interviews: experience of a medical school. Korean J Med Educ 2017; 29:7-14. [PMID: 28264549 PMCID: PMC5339444 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to introduce the design of multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) as a tool to assess medical school applicants' attributes in alignment with the school's educational goals and to evaluate its utility. METHODS In this MMI, candidates rotated through six stations (10 minutes per station), in which specific interview topics were drawn by mapping the school's educational goals with the core competencies for entering medical students. We conducted post-MMI surveys of all of the interviewers and candidates to investigate their experiences of MMIs. The G-coefficient and interclass correlation were analyzed to investigate the reliability of this test. Additionally, the candidates' MMI scores were compared across different backgrounds and a univariate analysis was used to estimate correlations between their MMI scores and prior academic achievements. RESULTS A total of 164 candidates (a 98.8% response rate) and 19 interviewers (a 100% response rate) completed the surveys in the years 2014 and 2015. Both candidates and assessors showed positive responses to MMIs. The G-coefficient of MMI scores was 0.88 and the interclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.58 to 0.75. The participants' total MMI scores did not differ across genders or undergraduate backgrounds and were not associated with age, undergraduate graduate point averages, nor the Korean medical school admission test (Medical Education Eligibility Test) scores. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates the utility of MMIs that utilize the institution's educational goals to identify attributes to be pursued in the admission interviews in alignment with the institution's core values. Future research is warranted of the predictive validity of this MMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Jee Kim
- Department of Medical Education, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Bum Sun Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Jerant A, Hanson B, Kravitz RL, Tancredi DJ, Hanes E, Grewal S, Cabrera R, Franks P. Detecting the effects of physician training in self-care interviewing skills: Coding of standardized patient (SP) visit recordings versus SP post-visit ratings. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100:367-371. [PMID: 27578271 PMCID: PMC5318274 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare how coder ratings of standardized patient (SP) visit recordings and SP ratings of the visits detect primary care physician (PCP) training in self-efficacy enhancing interviewing techniques (SEE IT). METHODS Analyses of data from 50 PCPs who participated in a randomized controlled trial of SEE IT training, which led to increased SEE IT use during three SP visits 1-3 months post-intervention. Untrained SPs rated SEE IT use post-visit. Subsequently, three trained coders generated a consensus SEE IT rating from visit audio recordings. SPs and coders were blinded to provider study arm, and coders to SP ratings. RESULTS SP and coder ratings were correlated (r=0.62). In detecting the intervention effect, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.80 (95% CI 0.74-0.87) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.69-0.84) for consensus coder and SP ratings, respectively (difference 0.04, 95% CI -0.04-0.11; z=1.04, p=0.30). CONCLUSION SP ratings were not significantly different from coder ratings of SP visit recordings in detecting PCP SEE IT training. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS If similar findings are observed in larger studies, it would suggest a greater role for SP ratings in detecting provider interviewing skills training, given the relative simplicity, low cost, and non-intrusiveness of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jerant
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Brent Hanson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Richard L Kravitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Emily Hanes
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Sanjeet Grewal
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - Rimaben Cabrera
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Peter Franks
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
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Jerant A, Lichte M, Kravitz RL, Tancredi DJ, Magnan EM, Hudnut A, Franks P. Physician training in self-efficacy enhancing interviewing techniques (SEE IT): Effects on patient psychological health behavior change mediators. Patient Educ Couns 2016; 99:1865-1872. [PMID: 27423177 PMCID: PMC5069145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how physician training in self-efficacy enhancing interviewing techniques (SEE IT) affects patient psychological health behavior change mediators (HBCMs). METHODS We analyzed data from 131 patients visiting primary care physicians ≥4 months after the physicians participated in a randomized controlled trial. Experimental arm physicians (N=27) received SEE IT training during three ≤20min standardized patient instructor (SPI) visits. Control physicians (N=23) viewed a diabetes medications video during one SPI visit. Physicians were blinded to patient participation. Outcomes were self-care self-efficacy, readiness, and health locus of control (Internal, Chance, Powerful Others), examined as a summary HBCM score (average of standardized means) and individually. Analyses adjusted for pre-visit values of the dependent variables. RESULTS Patients visiting SEE IT-trained physicians had higher summary HBCM scores (+0.42, 95% CI 0.07-0.77; p=0.021). They also had greater self-care readiness (AOR 3.04, 95% CI 1.02-9.03, p=0.046) and less Chance health locus of control (-0.27 points, 95% CI -0.50-0.04, p=0.023), with no significant differences in other HBCMs versus controls. CONCLUSION Improvement in psychological HBCMs occurred among patients visiting SEE IT-trained physicians, PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: If further research shows the observed HBCM effects improve health behaviors and outcomes, SEE IT training might be offered widely to physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jerant
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Melissa Lichte
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Richard L Kravitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Magnan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
| | | | - Peter Franks
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA.
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Woods P, Gapp R, King MA. Generating or developing grounded theory: methods to understand health and illness. Int J Clin Pharm 2016; 38:663-70. [PMID: 26913736 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Grounded theory is a qualitative research methodology that aims to explain social phenomena, e.g. why particular motivations or patterns of behaviour occur, at a conceptual level. Developed in the 1960s by Glaser and Strauss, the methodology has been reinterpreted by Strauss and Corbin in more recent times, resulting in different schools of thought. Differences arise from different philosophical perspectives concerning knowledge (epistemology) and the nature of reality (ontology), demanding that researchers make clear theoretical choices at the commencement of their research when choosing this methodology. Compared to other qualitative methods it has ability to achieve understanding of, rather than simply describing, a social phenomenon. Achieving understanding however, requires theoretical sampling to choose interviewees that can contribute most to the research and understanding of the phenomenon, and constant comparison of interviews to evaluate the same event or process in different settings or situations. Sampling continues until conceptual saturation is reached, i.e. when no new concepts emerge from the data. Data analysis focusses on categorising data (finding the main elements of what is occurring and why), and describing those categories in terms of properties (conceptual characteristics that define the category and give meaning) and dimensions (the variations within properties which produce specificity and range). Ultimately a core category which theoretically explains how all other categories are linked together is developed from the data. While achieving theoretical abstraction in the core category, it should be logical and capture all of the variation within the data. Theory development requires understanding of the methodology not just working through a set of procedures. This article provides a basic overview, set in the literature surrounding grounded theory, for those wanting to increase their understanding and quality of research output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Woods
- School of Pharmacy G16, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Rod Gapp
- Department of International Business and Asian Studies, G42, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Michelle A King
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy, G16, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
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Angel S, Buus N. The experience of being a partner to a spinal cord injured person: A phenomenological-hermeneutic study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2011; 6:QHW-6-7199. [PMID: 22007262 PMCID: PMC3195410 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v6i4.7199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative focuses on the personal experiences of partners to a spinal cord injured person. Using a Ricoeurian phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, we analysed seven partners’ narratives 1 and 2 years after their partner's injury. The study revealed how the injury was experienced from the partners’ perspective through the aftermath. In the acute phase after the injury, partners also felt harmed, and support was needed in relation to their own daily activities, eating, resting, and managing distress. During the institutionalized rehabilitation, partners felt torn between supporting the injured partner and the demanding tasks of everyday life outside the institution. After discharge, partners struggled for the injured partner to regain a well-functioning everyday life and for reestablishing life as a couple. The partner struggled to manage the overwhelming amount of everyday tasks. Some sought to reestablish their usual functions outside the family, whereas others focused on establishing a new life together. The partners experienced much distress and appreciated the support they got, but felt that they were mainly left to manage the difficult process on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Angel
- Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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