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Hujamberdieva LM, Chimed-Ochir O, Yumiya Y, Tanaka J, Ohge H, Kuwabara M, Kishita E, Kubo T. Relationship between clinical symptom profiles and COVID-19 infection status during Delta-dominant period versus Omicron-dominant period-analysis of real-world data collected in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 136:92-99. [PMID: 37717650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigates the diagnosis and prediction of COVID-19 based on clinical symptoms, and corresponding difference between the Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods, using data collected at polymerase chain reaction (PCR) centers in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. METHODS Data was collected using a J-SPEED-style COVID-19 standard data collection form. The analysis was done in two directions: calculating the likelihood ratio that clinical symptoms will manifest in "infected" versus "non-infected" individuals and calculating the diagnostic odds ratio (OR) of infection for those who have symptoms compared to those without symptoms. RESULTS COVID-19 was more strongly associated with smell and taste disorders during the Delta-dominant period, and muscle pain during the Omicron-dominant period. An age-specific analysis of likelihood and diagnostic ORs found cold-like symptoms had the lowest ability to diagnose COVID-19, and the lowest predictability of COVID-19 with children during both periods. The likelihood and diagnostic ORs of other symptoms for COVID-19 were highest in adults and lowest in those over 65. CONCLUSION Symptoms are an important indicator of COVID-19, but the association between specific symptoms and COVID-19 is dependent on the dominant variant of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Mamazairovna Hujamberdieva
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yui Yumiya
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masao Kuwabara
- Hiroshima Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kishita
- Medical Economics Division, Health Insurance Bureau, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Yumiya Y, Chimed-Ochir O, Kayano R, Hitomi Y, Akahoshi K, Kondo H, Wakai A, Mimura S, Chishima K, Toyokuni Y, Koido Y, Kubo T. Emergency Medical Team Response during the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake 2018: J-SPEED Data Analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med 2023; 38:332-337. [PMID: 37073687 PMCID: PMC10267720 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x23000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last ten years, Japan has experienced several large-scale earthquakes with devastating social and health impacts. Earthquakes directly and indirectly cause a variety of health problems. Further investigation is required to increase preparedness and preventive efforts. In response to the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake on September 6, 2018, 32 Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) employed the Japanese version of Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) as a national standard daily reporting template, gathering data on the number and type of health problems treated. STUDY OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study is to conduct a descriptive epidemiology study using the J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems during the earthquake disaster. METHODS Reported items in J-SPEED (Ver 1.0) form were analyzed by age, gender, and time to better understand the health issues that have arisen from the earthquake. RESULTS Most consultations (721; 97.6%) occurred between Day 1 and Day 13 of the 32-day EMT response. During the response period, disaster stress-related symptoms were the most common health event (15.2%), followed by wounds (14.5%) and skin diseases (7.0%). CONCLUSION The most often reported health event during the response period was stress-associated illnesses related to disasters, followed by wounds and skin conditions. The health consequences of natural disasters depend on diverse local environment and population. As a result, this initial study was hard to generalize; however, it is expected that data accumulated using the J-SPEED system in the future will strengthen and extend the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Yumiya
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoma Kayano
- World Health Organization Centre for Health Development (WHO Kobe Centre), Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hitomi
- Hokkaido Government Department of Health and Welfare, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kouki Akahoshi
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kondo
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Wakai
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Mimura
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayako Chishima
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Toyokuni
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koido
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Yumiya Y, Chimed-Ochir O, Taji A, Kishita E, Akahoshi K, Kondo H, Wakai A, Chishima K, Toyokuni Y, Koido Y, Tachikawa H, Takahashi S, Gomei S, Kawashima Y, Kubo T. Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Patients Treated by Emergency Medical Teams: Findings from J-SPEED Data Regarding the West Japan Heavy Rain 2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11454. [PMID: 36141727 PMCID: PMC9517656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to provide mental health care following a disaster because the victims tend to experience symptoms such as anxiety and insomnia during the acute phase. However, little research on mental health during the acute phase has been conducted, and reported only in terms of the temporal transition of the number of consultations and symptoms. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine how mental health care needs are accounted for in the overall picture of disaster relief and how they change over time. Using data from the Japanese version of Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED), we assessed the mental health of injured and ill patients to whom Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) were providing care during the acute period of a disaster. Approximately 10% of all medical consultations were for mental health issues, 83% of which took place within the first 2 weeks after the disaster. The findings showed that, from the start of the response period to the 19th response day, the daily proportion of mental health problems declined substantially, and then gradually increased. Such a V-shaped pattern might be helpful for identifying phase changes and supporting the development of EMT exit strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Yumiya
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akihiro Taji
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kishita
- Hiroshima Prefectural Government Health and Welfare Affairs Bureau, Hiroshima 730-8511, Japan
| | - Kouki Akahoshi
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo 190-8579, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kondo
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo 190-8579, Japan
| | - Akinori Wakai
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo 190-8579, Japan
| | - Kayoko Chishima
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo 190-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Toyokuni
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo 190-8579, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koido
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo 190-8579, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tachikawa
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Department of Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sayaka Gomei
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 343-8555, Japan
- DPAT Secretariat, Tokyo 108-8554, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kawashima
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo 190-8579, Japan
- DPAT Secretariat, Tokyo 108-8554, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Chimed-Ochir O, Yumiya Y, Taji A, Kishita E, Kondo H, Wakai A, Akahoshi K, Chishima K, Toyokuni Y, Koido Y, Kubo T. Emergency Medical Teams' Responses during the West Japan Heavy Rain 2018: J-SPEED Data Analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022; 37:1-7. [PMID: 35225205 PMCID: PMC8958047 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x22000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rainfall-induced floods and landslides accounted for 20.7% of all disaster events in Japan from 1985 through 2018 and caused a variety of health problems, both directly and indirectly, including injuries, infectious diseases, exacerbation of pre-existing medical conditions, and psychological issues. More evidence of health problems caused by floods or heavy rain is needed to improve preparedness and preventive measures; however, collecting health data surrounding disaster events is a major challenge due to environmental hazards, logistical constraints, political and economic issues, difficulties in communication among stakeholders, and cultural barriers. In response to the West Japan Heavy Rain in July 2018, Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) used Japan - Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED) as a daily reporting template, collecting data on the number and type of patients they treated and sending it to an EMT coordination cell (EMTCC) during the response. STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to conduct a descriptive epidemiology study using J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems during floods and heavy rain disasters. METHODS The number and types of health problems treated by EMTs in accordance with the J-SPEED (Ver 1.0) form were reported daily by 85 EMTs to an EMTCC, where data were compiled during the West Japan Heavy Rain from July 8 through September 11, 2018. Reported items in the J-SPEED form were analyzed by age, gender, area (prefecture), and time period. RESULTS The analysis of J-SPEED data from the West Japan Heavy Rain 2018 revealed the characteristics of a total of 3,617 consultations with the highest number of consultations (2,579; 71.3%) occurring between Day 5 and Day 12 of the 65-day EMT response. During the response period, skin disease was the most frequently reported health event (17.3%), followed by wounds (14.3%), disaster stress-related symptoms (10.0%), conjunctivitis (6.3%), and acute respiratory infections (ARI; 5.4%). CONCLUSION During the response period, skin disease was the most frequently reported health event, followed by wounds, stress, conjunctivitis, and ARIs. The health impacts of a natural disaster are determined by a variety of factors, and the current study's findings are highly context dependent; however, it is expected that as more data are gathered, the consistency of finding will increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yui Yumiya
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Taji
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kishita
- Hiroshima Prefectural Health and Welfare Bureau, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kondo
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Wakai
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Osaka City, Japan
| | - Kouki Akahoshi
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Chishima
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Toyokuni
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Koido
- National Hospital Organization Headquarters DMAT Secretariat MHLW Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sugimura M, Chimed-Ochir O, Yumiya Y, Taji A, Kishita E, Tsurugi Y, Kiwaki K, Wakai A, Kondo H, Akahoshi K, Chishima K, Toyokuni Y, Koido Y, Kubo T. Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections during Disasters in the Absence and Presence of COVID-19 Pandemic. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022;:1-10. [PMID: 35012691 DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X22000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Japan recently experienced two major heavy rain disasters: the West Japan heavy rain disaster in July 2018 and the Kumamoto heavy rain disaster in July 2020. Between the occurrences of these two disasters, Japan began experiencing the wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, providing a unique opportunity to compare the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) between the two disaster responses under distinct conditions. Sources for Information: The data were collected by using the standard disaster medical reporting system used in Japan, so-called the Japan-Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters (J-SPEED), which reports number and types of patients treated by Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs). Data for ARI were extracted from daily aggregated data on the J-SPEED form and the frequency of ARI in two disasters was compared. Observation: Acute respiratory infection in the West Japan heavy rain that occurred in the absence of COVID-19 and in the Kumamoto heavy rain that occurred in the presence of COVID-19 were responsible for 5.4% and 1.2% of the total consultation, respectively (P <.001). Analysis of Observation and Conclusion: Between the occurrence of these two disasters, Japan implemented COVID-19 preventive measures on a personal and organizational level, such as wearing masks, disinfecting hands, maintaining social distance, improving room ventilation, and screening people who entered evacuation centers by using hygiene management checklists. By following the basic prevention measures stated above, ARI can be significantly reduced during a disaster.
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Sugimura M, Chimed-Ochir O, Yumiya Y, Ohge H, Shime N, Sakaguchi T, Tanaka J, Takafuta T, Mimori M, Kuwabara M, Asahara T, Kishita E, Kubo T. The Association between Wearing a Mask and COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9131. [PMID: 34501719 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread and increasing number of cases of Coronavirus Disease (2019) globally, countries have been taking preventive measures against this pandemic. However, there is no universal agreement across cultures on whether wearing face masks are an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. We investigated the relationship between mask wearing and COVID-19 among close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. In the Hiroshima Prefecture, a COVID-19 form adapted from the reporting form, “Japanese Surveillance in Post-Extreme Emergencies and Disasters”, was developed to collect data from COVID-19 patients’ close contacts under active epidemiological surveillance at Public Health Centers. The relative risk of COVID-19 for mask users versus non-mask users was calculated. A total of 820 interviewees were included in the analysis and 53.3% of them responded that they wore masks. Non-mask users were infected at a rate of 16.4%, while mask users were infected at a rate of 7.1%. Those who wore masks were infected at a rate of 0.4 times that of those who did not wear masks. (RR = 0.4, 95%CI = 0.3–0.6; Adjusted RR = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.3–0.9). These findings implied that COVID-19 could be avoided to a certain degree by wearing a mask.
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